The Experts below are selected from a list of 615 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Serguei V. Triapitsyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ronald D. Oetting - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • foraging behavior of the mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus sp nov nr sinope hymenoptera encyrtidae
    Journal of Entomological Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a candidate biological control agent against the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). This study reported on the components of the oviposition behavior of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in relation to 6 developmental stadia of P. madeirensis: crawlers, second-instar nymphs, third-instar immature females, third-instar immature males, prereproductive adult females, and ovipositing adult females. A behavioral sequence and a time budget were prepared for Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope, indicating that the parasitoids foraging in a patch containing third-instar and prereproductive adult females had the highest probability to encounter and eventually parasitize a host. The parasitoids attacking third-instar and prereproductive adult females also spent the largest proportion of total foraging time in oviposition (67 and 69%, respectively) and had the longest handling time (997 and 655 sec per event, re...

  • Specificity of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope and Leptomastix dactylopii for six mealybug species
    BioControl, 2007
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    In order to understand better non-target effect and potential uses, the host specificity of two parasitoid species ( Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes & Menezes and Leptomastix dactylopii Howard) (both Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) for six mealybug species [ Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Phenacoccus solani Ferris, Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) and Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret)] (all Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was studied through behavioral observations and laboratory rearing. The selected mealybug species represent major subfamilies and tribes of Pseudococcidae. Except for F. virgata , all mealybug species induced examinations by Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope and L. dactylopii . Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope was specific to P. madeirensis , which was the only mealybug species selected for oviposition and suitable for complete development of the parasitoid. No encapsulation of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in P. madeirensis was observed. Leptomastix dactylopii accepted multiple species for oviposition, with the ranking of species preference as P. citri > P. viburni > P. longispinus > P. solani > P. madeirensis . Only P. citri , P. longispinus and P. viburni supported the development of L. dactylopii . Parasitoids developing in P. longispinus and P. viburni suffered from high encapsulation rates, while no encapsulation was observed when developing in P. citri . The results of this study suggest that Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope is highly host specific. Leptomastix dactylopii , on the other hand, has a wider host range. The use of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in a mealybug biological control program is limited to P. madeirensis and L. dactylopii to P. citri . The results presented in this study also lead us to question the accuracy of the reported host range of L. dactylopii , which include all six mealybug species tested.

  • functional response and progeny production of the madeira mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus sp nov nr sinope the effects of host and parasitoid densities
    Biological Control, 2006
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    Abstract Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes & Menezes is a gregarious koinobiont parasitoid of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green. In this study, we explored the influence of host and parasitoid densities on the functional response and progeny production of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope. In the first experiment, which was designed to detect the occurrence of mutual interference among foraging parasitoids, we exposed a constant number of mealybugs (N = 60) to varying numbers of parasitoids (P = 1, 2, 4, 8, and 20). Mutual interference among 20 parasitoids reduced the number of mealybugs parasitized and the number of progeny produced per parasitoid by 9 and 7 times, respectively, compared to 1 parasitoid. The interference constant (m) (±SE) was estimated at 0.62 ± 0.03. The presence of conspecifics increased the proportion of males in the offspring population. In the second set of experiments, the parasitoids were released alone or in groups of 2 or 4 into patches containing one of six parasitoid/mealybug ratios (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:40, and 1:60). Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope exhibited a type II functional response. The estimated maximum number of mealybugs parasitized (i.e., the asymptote of functional response) over a 24-h period was reduced from 10.4 ± 0.6 when foraging alone to 8.1 ± 0.4 and 5.1 ± 0.2 when in groups of 2 and 4, respectively. The number of progeny reflected the effects of the parasitoid and host densities on the parasitism rate. The highest number of progeny was produced by the parasitoids foraging alone in patches containing the highest parasitoid/host ratio (1:60). The results of this study suggest that both the host and parasitoid densities have significant impact on the functional response and progeny production of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope.

  • influence of temperature and mating status on the development and fecundity of the mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus sp nov nr sinope noyes and menezes hymenoptera encyrtidae
    Environmental Entomology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a new parasitoid of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a common pest in the greenhouses of the southeastern United States. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C) and mating status (virgin and mated) on the life history of this parasitoid. Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope is an arrhenotokous parasitoid with the mated females producing progeny with the proportion of males between 0.34 and 0.41. Parasitism rates ranged between 17 and 40% and increased with temperature. The number of progeny produced by the mated parasitoids increased from 8 at 15°C to 11 at 30°C, which were 10 and 50% lower, respectively, than that of virgin parasitoids. For females of either mating status, brood sizes averaged between 3.1 and 4.9 progeny per mummy. More than 94% of parasitoids successfully survived to adulthood between 15 and 30°C. No parasitoid completed development at 35°C. The developmental times of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope were 55, 25, 17, and 12 d at 15, 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively. Using a linear thermal summation model and a nonlinear Logan 6 model, we determined that the lower developmental threshold, upper developmental threshold, and optimal temperature to be 11.1, 35.0, and 30.3°C, respectively, and the thermal constant was 222.2 DD. The lifetime fecundity of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope were 58–71 progeny between 15 and 30°C. Mated females had significantly higher lifetime fecundity than virgin females. We expect Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope to survive and reproduce within a temperature range commonly maintained in greenhouses.

  • influence of temperature nourishment and storage period on the longevity and fecundity of the mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus sp nov nr sinope noyes and menezes hymenoptera encyrtidae
    Environmental Entomology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a candidate for biological control of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). P. madeirensis is a serious pest of horticultural crops in the southeastern United States. The first experiment studied the effect of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C) and feeding treatment (starved, hydrated with distilled water, and nourished and hydrated with diluted honey) on adult longevity of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope. Nourished and hydrated female parasitoids survived an average of 52.8 d at 15°C, which was 14 and 8 times longer than starved and hydrated females at the same temperature, respectively, and 8 times longer than nourished and hydrated females at 35°C. The second experiment studied the influence of feeding treatment on the reproduction of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope at 25°C. Nourished and hydrated female parasitoids lived (mean = 14.2 d) and reproduced (mean = 7 d) for a longer duration, parasitized more hosts (mean = 16), and produced more offspring (mean = 45) than starved or hydrated females. The third experiment assessed the longevity and reproduction of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope after storage for various durations (0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 d) at 15 and 25°C. Parasitoids stored at 15°C had increased longevity and a decreased reproductive period but similar parasitism rates and fecundity to those stored at 25°C. The results suggested that the parasitoids could be stored at 15 and 25°C for up to 14 d without significant reduction in fecundity after release.

Juang-horng Chong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • description of a new species of Anagyrus howard hymenoptera chalcidoidea encyrtidae a promising biological control agent of the invasive madeira mealybug phenacoccus madeirensis green hemiptera sternorrhyncha pseudococcidae
    Zootaxa, 2013
    Co-Authors: A Rameshkumar, J S Noyes, J Poorani, Juang-horng Chong
    Abstract:

    Anagyrus amnestos sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a promising parasitoid of the invasive Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is described based on material collected from India. This parasitoid was identified as Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes & Menezes in recent literature, and was initially collected in Georgia, USA. It was found to be a specific parasitoid of the Madeira mealybug and its biological attributes and potential as a biological control agent of this pest were studied. In what appears to be a case of fortuitous introduction, we detected this parasitoid in large numbers on Madeira mealybugs from the southern Indian state of Karnataka, where the mealybug is a recently introduced invasive pest. In view of its economic importance as a potential biological control agent of the Madeira mealybug, it is formally described and illustrated here. Comparative accounts of the new species vis-a-vis its close relatives in India and the Americas are provided.

  • foraging behavior of the mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus sp nov nr sinope hymenoptera encyrtidae
    Journal of Entomological Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a candidate biological control agent against the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). This study reported on the components of the oviposition behavior of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in relation to 6 developmental stadia of P. madeirensis: crawlers, second-instar nymphs, third-instar immature females, third-instar immature males, prereproductive adult females, and ovipositing adult females. A behavioral sequence and a time budget were prepared for Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope, indicating that the parasitoids foraging in a patch containing third-instar and prereproductive adult females had the highest probability to encounter and eventually parasitize a host. The parasitoids attacking third-instar and prereproductive adult females also spent the largest proportion of total foraging time in oviposition (67 and 69%, respectively) and had the longest handling time (997 and 655 sec per event, re...

  • Specificity of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope and Leptomastix dactylopii for six mealybug species
    BioControl, 2007
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    In order to understand better non-target effect and potential uses, the host specificity of two parasitoid species ( Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes & Menezes and Leptomastix dactylopii Howard) (both Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) for six mealybug species [ Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Phenacoccus solani Ferris, Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) and Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret)] (all Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was studied through behavioral observations and laboratory rearing. The selected mealybug species represent major subfamilies and tribes of Pseudococcidae. Except for F. virgata , all mealybug species induced examinations by Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope and L. dactylopii . Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope was specific to P. madeirensis , which was the only mealybug species selected for oviposition and suitable for complete development of the parasitoid. No encapsulation of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in P. madeirensis was observed. Leptomastix dactylopii accepted multiple species for oviposition, with the ranking of species preference as P. citri > P. viburni > P. longispinus > P. solani > P. madeirensis . Only P. citri , P. longispinus and P. viburni supported the development of L. dactylopii . Parasitoids developing in P. longispinus and P. viburni suffered from high encapsulation rates, while no encapsulation was observed when developing in P. citri . The results of this study suggest that Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope is highly host specific. Leptomastix dactylopii , on the other hand, has a wider host range. The use of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in a mealybug biological control program is limited to P. madeirensis and L. dactylopii to P. citri . The results presented in this study also lead us to question the accuracy of the reported host range of L. dactylopii , which include all six mealybug species tested.

  • functional response and progeny production of the madeira mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus sp nov nr sinope the effects of host and parasitoid densities
    Biological Control, 2006
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    Abstract Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes & Menezes is a gregarious koinobiont parasitoid of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green. In this study, we explored the influence of host and parasitoid densities on the functional response and progeny production of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope. In the first experiment, which was designed to detect the occurrence of mutual interference among foraging parasitoids, we exposed a constant number of mealybugs (N = 60) to varying numbers of parasitoids (P = 1, 2, 4, 8, and 20). Mutual interference among 20 parasitoids reduced the number of mealybugs parasitized and the number of progeny produced per parasitoid by 9 and 7 times, respectively, compared to 1 parasitoid. The interference constant (m) (±SE) was estimated at 0.62 ± 0.03. The presence of conspecifics increased the proportion of males in the offspring population. In the second set of experiments, the parasitoids were released alone or in groups of 2 or 4 into patches containing one of six parasitoid/mealybug ratios (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:40, and 1:60). Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope exhibited a type II functional response. The estimated maximum number of mealybugs parasitized (i.e., the asymptote of functional response) over a 24-h period was reduced from 10.4 ± 0.6 when foraging alone to 8.1 ± 0.4 and 5.1 ± 0.2 when in groups of 2 and 4, respectively. The number of progeny reflected the effects of the parasitoid and host densities on the parasitism rate. The highest number of progeny was produced by the parasitoids foraging alone in patches containing the highest parasitoid/host ratio (1:60). The results of this study suggest that both the host and parasitoid densities have significant impact on the functional response and progeny production of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope.

  • influence of temperature and mating status on the development and fecundity of the mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus sp nov nr sinope noyes and menezes hymenoptera encyrtidae
    Environmental Entomology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Juang-horng Chong, Ronald D. Oetting
    Abstract:

    Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a new parasitoid of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a common pest in the greenhouses of the southeastern United States. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C) and mating status (virgin and mated) on the life history of this parasitoid. Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope is an arrhenotokous parasitoid with the mated females producing progeny with the proportion of males between 0.34 and 0.41. Parasitism rates ranged between 17 and 40% and increased with temperature. The number of progeny produced by the mated parasitoids increased from 8 at 15°C to 11 at 30°C, which were 10 and 50% lower, respectively, than that of virgin parasitoids. For females of either mating status, brood sizes averaged between 3.1 and 4.9 progeny per mummy. More than 94% of parasitoids successfully survived to adulthood between 15 and 30°C. No parasitoid completed development at 35°C. The developmental times of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope were 55, 25, 17, and 12 d at 15, 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively. Using a linear thermal summation model and a nonlinear Logan 6 model, we determined that the lower developmental threshold, upper developmental threshold, and optimal temperature to be 11.1, 35.0, and 30.3°C, respectively, and the thermal constant was 222.2 DD. The lifetime fecundity of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope were 58–71 progeny between 15 and 30°C. Mated females had significantly higher lifetime fecundity than virgin females. We expect Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope to survive and reproduce within a temperature range commonly maintained in greenhouses.

Ernest B. White - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Morphological, biological, and molecular comparisons among the different geographical populations of Anagyrus pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of Planococcus spp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), with notes on Anagyrus dactylopii
    Biological Control, 2007
    Co-Authors: Serguei V. Triapitsyn, Danel B Vickerman, John S Noyes, Ernest B. White
    Abstract:

    Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a well-known primary parasitoid of Planococcus spp. and Pseudococcus spp. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) and as such has been used in biological control in many countries. In the course of a "classical" biological control project against the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), in California, USA, cultures of A. pseudococci of different origin were established at the University of California, Riverside quarantine laboratory, from the populations in Argentina, Israel, Italy (Sicily), Spain, Turkmenistan, and USA (Coachella Valley, California). Morphological and molecular studies as well as cross-breeding experiments revealed that the Argentine population (first funicle segment of the female antenna partially black, partially white) is reproductively incompatible with and genetically different from all other populations tested (first funicle segment of the female antenna entirely black), which cross-bred freely among each other and group together genetically. The type series and also several freshly collected specimens of A. pseudococci (from Sicily, Italy) are morphologically identical to and not genetically different from the specimens from Argentina. The latter thus apparently represent A. pseudococci, which might have been unintentionally introduced there long ago with grape seedlings from Italy. The other form (called here Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci), which was established in California from previous introductions, thus belongs to a different, currently unnamed species that coexists in Sicily with A. pseudococci and is common in the Mediterranean region. Also discussed is the taxonomic and molecular relationship of these two forms to another species, the Oriental A. dactylopii (Howard), which is morphologically very similar to Anagyrus. sp. near pseudococci.

Thomas M. Perring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • on the origin of Anagyrus callidus hymenoptera encyrtidae a parasitoid of pink hibiscus mealybug maconellicoccus hirsutus hemiptera pseudococcidae
    Zootaxa, 2019
    Co-Authors: Serguei V. Triapitsyn, Sharon A. Andreason, Chrysalyn Dominguez, Thomas M. Perring
    Abstract:

    Anagyrus callidus Triapitsyn, Andreason & Perring (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), recently described from southern California, USA and Mexico, is a primary parasitoid of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). This wasp species previously was misidentified as Anagyrus kamali Moursi, which was introduced and released as such in the United States (California and Florida) and Mexico. In this paper, the origin of A. callidus is shown to be from Taiwan, based on differences in the morphology and molecular sequences of voucher specimens of an earlier colony of the misidentified A. kamali from Puerto Rico (released in August 2002 in southern Florida), and specimens that originated in southern Taiwan.

  • Expanding the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): a new species emerges from Trabutina serpentina (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on tamarisk on the Dead Sea shore
    Zoology in the Middle East, 2019
    Co-Authors: Sharon A. Andreason, Serguei V. Triapitsyn, Zvi Mendel, Alexei Protasov, Ben Levi, Thomas M. Perring
    Abstract:

    A new species of the encyrtid wasp genus Anagyrus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Anagyrus trabutinae Triapitsyn & Andreason, is described and illustrated. Its type series was reared from the mea...

  • untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex hymenoptera encyrtidae parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs hemiptera pseudococcidae genetic data corroborates separation of two new previously misidentified species
    Biological Control, 2019
    Co-Authors: Sharon A. Andreason, Serguei V. Triapitsyn, Thomas M. Perring
    Abstract:

    Abstract Endoparasitoid wasps in the genus Anagyrus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are commonly used in the biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) worldwide. During a recent biological control program initiated for management of the pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), by its primary parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi, genomic sequences of the parasitoid were found to be dissimilar with sequences previously published for A. kamali. This discrepancy in the identification of the specimens, which originated in the Imperial Valley, California, USA and Valle de Banderas, Nayarit, Mexico, launched an investigation into the identity of the unknown California/Nayarit population alongside species of the Anagyrus pseudococci complex, in which Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault), Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci, A. kamali, Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard), and Anagyrus kivuensis Compere are informally classified. Morphological evaluation and morphometric analyses provided evidence for the identification of the California/Nayarit population as a new species based on the coloration of the male antennal scape and the ratio of the minimum width of the female frontovertex to the head width. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA regions further supported the definition of this population as a distinct species. Along with this new taxon, herein named Anagyrus callidus Triapitsyn, Andreason & Perring sp. n., A. sp. near pseudococci is described and named Anagyrus vladimiri Triapitsyn sp. n. Phylogenetic analysis supported the monophyly of the A. pseudococci complex, originally described based on morphological similarity to A. pseudococci and the coloration of the first funicle segment of female antenna, relative to non-complex Anagyrus species. The effectiveness of A. callidus as a biological control agent against the PHM was demonstrated by the parasitoid’s successful establishment and significant reductions of the pest in the Coachella Valley.