The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gary J. Samuels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cyanonectria, a new genus for Nectria cyanostoma and its Fusarium Anamorph
Mycological Progress, 2008Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Jacques Fournier, Priscila Chaverri, Francoise Candoussau, Amy Y. RossmanAbstract:The new genus Cyanonectria is proposed for Nectria cyanostoma (≡ Cyanonectria cyanostoma comb. nov.). This genus is characterized by Nectria-like, red perithecia that have a bluish-purple papilla and a Fusarium Anamorph. DNA sequences (large subunit and internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear rDNA) indicate that C. cyanostoma is not closely related to Nectria sensu stricto. In addition, the phylogenetic data also show that the closest relatives for Cyanonectria also have Fusarium Anamorphs.
-
Reconsideration of Protocrea (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae).
Mycologia, 2008Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Kadri Põldmaa, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:The genus Protocrea is redefined, based on holotype and fresh specimens of its type species P. farinosa, using morphology of teleomorph and Anamorph and phylogenetic analyses of rpb2 sequences. Data based on currently available specimens suggest the existence of three well defined and three still unnamed species. Apart from the type, P. farinosa, none of the species originally included are accepted in the genus. Species of Protocrea are characterized by perithecia formed in or on a subiculum, bicellular ascospores that disarticulate at the septum while still in the ascus and by Anamorphs belonging to Gliocladium sensu stricto. For Hypocrea farinosa sensu auct. the new species H. decipiens is introduced. Hypocrea pallida is recognized as a species of Protocrea. It is closely related to P. farinosa, morphologically, phylogenetically and by habit. Protocrea illinoensis is described here as the sister taxon of P. farinosa found in the USA. All species are polyporicolous, with the principal hosts Skeletocutis ...
-
Hypocrea rufa/Trichoderma viride: a reassessment, and description of five closely related species with and without warted conidia
Studies in Mycology, 2006Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Gary J. Samuels, Sarah L. Dodd, Irina S. DruzhininaAbstract:The type species of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi), H. rufa, is re-defined and epitypified using a combination of phenotype (morphology of teleomorphs and Anamorphs, and characteristics in culture) and phylogenetic analyses of the translation-elongation factor 1α gene. Its Anamorph, T. viride, the type species of Trichoderma, is re-described and epitypified. Eidamia viridescens is combined as Trichoderma viridescens and is recognised as one of the most morphologically and phylogenetically similar relatives of T. viride. Its teleomorph is newly described as Hypocrea viridescens. Contrary to frequent citations of H. rufa and T. viride in the literature, this species is relatively rare. Although both T. viride and T. viridescens have a wide geographic distribution, their greatest genetic diversity appears to be in Europe and North America. Hypocrea vinosa is characterised and its Anamorph, T. vinosum sp. nov., is described. Conidia of T. vinosum are subglobose and warted. The new species T. gamsii is proposed. It shares eidamia-like morphology of conidiophores with T. viridescens, but it has smooth, ellipsoidal conidia that have the longest L/W ratio that we have seen in Trichoderma. Trichoderma scalesiae, an endophyte of trunks of Scalesia pedunculata in the Galapagos Islands, is described as new. It only produces conidia on a low- nutrient agar to which filter paper has been added. Additional phylogenetically distinct clades are recognised and provisionally delimited from the species here described. Trichoderma neokoningii, a T. koningii-like species, is described from a collection made in Peru on a fruit of Theobroma cacao infected with Moniliophthora roreri.
-
Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores.
2003Co-Authors: Pricila. Chaverri, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:The systematics of species of Hypocrea with green ascospores and their Trichoderma Anamorphs is presented. Multiple phenotypic characters were analysed, including teleomorph and Anamorph, as well as colony morphology and growth rates at various temperatures. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of two genes, the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), were performed. These analyses revealed that species of Hypocrea with green ascospores and Trichoderma Anamorphs are derived from within Hypocrea but do not form a monophyletic group. Therefore, Creopus and Chromocrea, genera formerly segregated from Hypocrea only based on their coloured ascospores, are considered synonyms of Hypocrea. The present study showed that phenotypic characters alone are generally not helpful in understanding phylogenetic relationships in this group of organisms, because teleomorph characters are generally highly conserved and Anamorph characters tend to be morphologically divergent within monophyletic lineages or clades. The species concept used here for Hypocrea/Trichoderma is based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. In this study 40 species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma having green ascospores are described and illustrated. Dichotomous keys to the species are given. The following species are treated (names in bold are new species or new combinations): H. albocornea, H. atrogelatinosa, H. aureoviridis/T. aureoviride, H. candida/T. candidum, H. catoptron/T. catoptron, H. centristerilis, H. ceracea/T. ceraceum, H. ceramica/T. ceramicum, H. chlorospora/T. chlorosporum, H. chromosperma/T. chromospermum, H. cinnamomea/T. cinnamomeum, H. clusiae, H. cornea, H. costaricensis, H. crassa/T. crassum, H. cremea/T. cremeum, H. cuneispora/T. cuneisporum, H. estonica/T. estonicum, H. gelatinosa/T. gelatinosum, H. gyrosa, H. lixii/T. harzianum, H. macrospora, H. melanomagna/T. melanomagnum, H. nigrovirens/T. nigrovirens, H. phyllostachydis/T. phyllostachydis, H. rugulosa, H. sinuosa/T. sinuosum, H. spinulosa, H. straminea/T. stramineum, H. strictipilosa/T. strictipile, H. substipitata, H. sulawesensis, H. surrotunda/T. surrotundum, H. tawa/T. tawa, H. thailandica/T. thailandicum, H. thelephoricola/T. thelephoricola, H. tuberosa, H. velenovskyi, H. virens/T. virens, and H. virescentiflava. The following species are excluded: H. andinogelatinosa, H. dacrymycella, H. dichromospora, H. palmicola, H. pseudogelatinosa, H. subalbocornea, H. subatrogelatinosa, H. tropicosinensis, H. viscidula, H. viridis, and Chromocrea leucostroma.
-
hypocrea trichoderma ascomycota hypocreales hypocreaceae species with green ascospores
Hypocrea Trichoderma (Ascomycota Hypocreales Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores., 2003Co-Authors: Pricila. Chaverri, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:The systematics of species of Hypocrea with green ascospores and their Trichoderma Anamorphs is presented. Multiple phenotypic characters were analysed, including teleomorph and Anamorph, as well as colony morphology and growth rates at various temperatures. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of two genes, the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), were performed. These analyses revealed that species of Hypocrea with green ascospores and Trichoderma Anamorphs are derived from within Hypocrea but do not form a monophyletic group. Therefore, Creopus and Chromocrea, genera formerly segregated from Hypocrea only based on their coloured ascospores, are considered synonyms of Hypocrea. The present study showed that phenotypic characters alone are generally not helpful in understanding phylogenetic relationships in this group of organisms, because teleomorph characters are generally highly conserved and Anamorph characters tend to be morphologically divergent within monophyletic lineages or clades. The species concept used here for Hypocrea/Trichoderma is based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. In this study 40 species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma having green ascospores are described and illustrated. Dichotomous keys to the species are given. The following species are treated (names in bold are new species or new combinations): H. albocornea, H. atrogelatinosa, H. aureoviridis/T. aureoviride, H. candida/T. candidum, H. catoptron/T. catoptron, H. centristerilis, H. ceracea/T. ceraceum, H. ceramica/T. ceramicum, H. chlorospora/T. chlorosporum, H. chromosperma/T. chromospermum, H. cinnamomea/T. cinnamomeum, H. clusiae, H. cornea, H. costaricensis, H. crassa/T. crassum, H. cremea/T. cremeum, H. cuneispora/T. cuneisporum, H. estonica/T. estonicum, H. gelatinosa/T. gelatinosum, H. gyrosa, H. lixii/T. harzianum, H. macrospora, H. melanomagna/T. melanomagnum, H. nigrovirens/T. nigrovirens, H. phyllostachydis/T. phyllostachydis, H. rugulosa, H. sinuosa/T. sinuosum, H. spinulosa, H. straminea/T. stramineum, H. strictipilosa/T. strictipile, H. substipitata, H. sulawesensis, H. surrotunda/T. surrotundum, H. tawa/T. tawa, H. thailandica/T. thailandicum, H. thelephoricola/T. thelephoricola, H. tuberosa, H. velenovskyi, H. virens/T. virens, and H. virescentiflava. The following species are excluded: H. andinogelatinosa, H. dacrymycella, H. dichromospora, H. palmicola, H. pseudogelatinosa, H. subalbocornea, H. subatrogelatinosa, H. tropicosinensis, H. viscidula, H. viridis, and Chromocrea leucostroma.
Ricardo Pereira Louro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
streptopodium caricae sp nov with a discussion of powdery mildews on papaya and emended descriptions of the genus streptopodium and oidium caricae
Fungal Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Jennifer R. Liberato, Robert W. Barreto, Ricardo Pereira LouroAbstract:A new powdery mildew infecting papaya (Carica papaya) in Brazil, Streptopodium caricae sp. nov., is described. The species is compared with other Anamorphic Erysiphales known to infect papaya: Oidiopsis sicula, Ovulariopsis papayae, Oidium caricae, O. papayae, O. caricicola, O. indicum, O. caricae-papayae, Podosphaera (syn. Sphaerotheca) spp., and Erysiphe spp. An emended description Streptopodium and a key to the Anamorphs of powdery mildews on papaya are also presented. A re-examination of the type material of Phyllactinia caricaefolia showed that conidia in this material are dimorphic, indicating that its Anamorph does not belong to Ovulariopsis and that the teleomorph is not conspecific with Phyllactinia guttata. Oidium caricae, the common powdery mildew of papaya, was re-examined, recognized as a member of subgenus Pseudoidium, an emended description was prepared, and a new type was indicated. O. papayae was recognized as a synonym of O. caricae, and many of the records of this fungus are considered to be doubtful or incorrect, either omitting a description of the fungus or including a description or illustration of an euodium conidiophore morphology.
-
streptopodium caricae sp nov with a discussion of powdery mildews on papaya and emended descriptions of the genus streptopodium and oidium caricae
Fungal Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Jennifer R. Liberato, Robert W. Barreto, Ricardo Pereira LouroAbstract:A new powdery mildew infecting papaya (Carica papaya) in Brazil, Streptopodium caricae sp. nov., is described. The species is compared with other Anamorphic Erysiphales known to infect papaya: Oidiopsis sicula, Ovulariopsis papayae, Oidium caricae, O. papayae, O. caricicola, O. indicum, O. caricae-papayae, Podosphaera (syn. Sphaerotheca) spp., and Erysiphe spp. An emended description Streptopodium and a key to the Anamorphs of powdery mildews on papaya are also presented. A re-examination of the type material of Phyllactinia caricaefolia showed that conidia in this material are dimorphic, indicating that its Anamorph does not belong to Ovulariopsis and that the teleomorph is not conspecific with Phyllactinia guttata. Oidium caricae, the common powdery mildew of papaya, was re-examined, recognized as a member of subgenus Pseudoidium, an emended description was prepared, and a new type was indicated. O. papayae was recognized as a synonym of O. caricae, and many of the records of this fungus are considered to be doubtful or incorrect, either omitting a description of the fungus or including a description or illustration of an euodium conidiophore morphology.
Walter M. Jaklitsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
European species of Hypocrea part II: species with hyaline ascospores
Fungal Diversity, 2011Co-Authors: Walter M. JaklitschAbstract:To date 75 species of Hypocrea / Trichoderma forming teleomorphs are recognised in Europe. The 56 hyaline-spored species are here described in detail and illustrated in colour plates, including cultures and Anamorphs. This number includes 16 new holomorphs, two new teleomorphs and nine Anamorphs of species previously described as teleomorphs. Phylogenetic placement and relationships of the species are shown on the strict consensus tree, based on sequences of RNA polymerase II subunit b ( rpb2 ) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha ( tef1 ) exon, comprising 135 species of the genus Hypocrea / Trichoderma . All available holotypes of species described from Europe including some from North America have been examined. A dichotomous key to the species is provided primarily utilising ecological and morphological traits of the teleomorphs and, where necessary, morphology of the Anamorphs and cultures, and growth rates. Species descriptions are subdivided among five chapters, arranged primarily according to the larger phylogenetic clades, viz. section Trichoderma with 13 species, the pachybasium core group with 13 species including four species with stipitate stromata (‘ Podostroma ’), species forming large effused stromata with 10 species including the section Hypocreanum , 9 species of the Brevicompactum , Lutea and Psychrophila clades, and 11 residual species of various smaller clades or of unknown phylogenetic placement. Finally, a list comprising dubious names and species excluded from Hypocrea that are relevant for Europe, or species claimed to occur in Europe by other authors is provided. Hypocrea minutispora is by far the most common species in Europe. For H. moravica , H. subalpina and H. tremelloides the Anamorphs are newly described. The Anamorphs of the latter two species and H. sambuci produce hyaline conidia on unusual structures new to Trichoderma . These three species form a new subclade of the morphologically strikingly different section Longibrachiatum , which is currently only represented by H. schweinitzii in Europe as a holomorph. The subclade is not named yet formally due to low statistical support. H. fungicola f. raduli is described as the new species H. austriaca , while H. hypomycella was found not to belong to Hypocrea . The typification of H. pilulifera , H. tremelloides and H. lutea has been clarified. Gliocladium deliquescens , the Anamorph of H. lutea , is combined in Trichoderma . Species are epitypified where appropriate. Anamorph names are established prospectively to avoid numerous new combinations in future when they may be possibly used as holomorphic names if the ICBN is altered accordingly.
-
European species of Hypocrea part II: species with hyaline ascospores
2010Co-Authors: Walter M. JaklitschAbstract:forming teleomorphs are recognised in Europe. The 56 hyaline-spored species are here described in detail and illustrated in colour plates, including cultures and ana-morphs. This number includes 16 new holomorphs, two new teleomorphs and nine Anamorphs of species previously described as teleomorphs. Phylogenetic placement and relationships of the species are shown on the strict consensus tree, based on sequences of RNA polymerase II subunit b (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1) exon, comprising 135 species of the genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma. All available holotypes of species described from Europe including some from North America have been examined. A dichotomous key to the species is provided primarily utilising ecological and morphological traits of the teleo-morphs and, where necessary, morphology of the Anamorph
-
Reconsideration of Protocrea (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae).
Mycologia, 2008Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Kadri Põldmaa, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:The genus Protocrea is redefined, based on holotype and fresh specimens of its type species P. farinosa, using morphology of teleomorph and Anamorph and phylogenetic analyses of rpb2 sequences. Data based on currently available specimens suggest the existence of three well defined and three still unnamed species. Apart from the type, P. farinosa, none of the species originally included are accepted in the genus. Species of Protocrea are characterized by perithecia formed in or on a subiculum, bicellular ascospores that disarticulate at the septum while still in the ascus and by Anamorphs belonging to Gliocladium sensu stricto. For Hypocrea farinosa sensu auct. the new species H. decipiens is introduced. Hypocrea pallida is recognized as a species of Protocrea. It is closely related to P. farinosa, morphologically, phylogenetically and by habit. Protocrea illinoensis is described here as the sister taxon of P. farinosa found in the USA. All species are polyporicolous, with the principal hosts Skeletocutis ...
-
Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium Anamorphs on Acer.
Mycological Research, 2008Co-Authors: Hermann Voglmayr, Walter M. JaklitschAbstract:Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and Anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium Anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The Anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The Anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium Anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium Anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the Anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.
-
Hypocrea rufa/Trichoderma viride: a reassessment, and description of five closely related species with and without warted conidia
Studies in Mycology, 2006Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Gary J. Samuels, Sarah L. Dodd, Irina S. DruzhininaAbstract:The type species of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi), H. rufa, is re-defined and epitypified using a combination of phenotype (morphology of teleomorphs and Anamorphs, and characteristics in culture) and phylogenetic analyses of the translation-elongation factor 1α gene. Its Anamorph, T. viride, the type species of Trichoderma, is re-described and epitypified. Eidamia viridescens is combined as Trichoderma viridescens and is recognised as one of the most morphologically and phylogenetically similar relatives of T. viride. Its teleomorph is newly described as Hypocrea viridescens. Contrary to frequent citations of H. rufa and T. viride in the literature, this species is relatively rare. Although both T. viride and T. viridescens have a wide geographic distribution, their greatest genetic diversity appears to be in Europe and North America. Hypocrea vinosa is characterised and its Anamorph, T. vinosum sp. nov., is described. Conidia of T. vinosum are subglobose and warted. The new species T. gamsii is proposed. It shares eidamia-like morphology of conidiophores with T. viridescens, but it has smooth, ellipsoidal conidia that have the longest L/W ratio that we have seen in Trichoderma. Trichoderma scalesiae, an endophyte of trunks of Scalesia pedunculata in the Galapagos Islands, is described as new. It only produces conidia on a low- nutrient agar to which filter paper has been added. Additional phylogenetically distinct clades are recognised and provisionally delimited from the species here described. Trichoderma neokoningii, a T. koningii-like species, is described from a collection made in Peru on a fruit of Theobroma cacao infected with Moniliophthora roreri.
Jennifer R. Liberato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
streptopodium caricae sp nov with a discussion of powdery mildews on papaya and emended descriptions of the genus streptopodium and oidium caricae
Fungal Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Jennifer R. Liberato, Robert W. Barreto, Ricardo Pereira LouroAbstract:A new powdery mildew infecting papaya (Carica papaya) in Brazil, Streptopodium caricae sp. nov., is described. The species is compared with other Anamorphic Erysiphales known to infect papaya: Oidiopsis sicula, Ovulariopsis papayae, Oidium caricae, O. papayae, O. caricicola, O. indicum, O. caricae-papayae, Podosphaera (syn. Sphaerotheca) spp., and Erysiphe spp. An emended description Streptopodium and a key to the Anamorphs of powdery mildews on papaya are also presented. A re-examination of the type material of Phyllactinia caricaefolia showed that conidia in this material are dimorphic, indicating that its Anamorph does not belong to Ovulariopsis and that the teleomorph is not conspecific with Phyllactinia guttata. Oidium caricae, the common powdery mildew of papaya, was re-examined, recognized as a member of subgenus Pseudoidium, an emended description was prepared, and a new type was indicated. O. papayae was recognized as a synonym of O. caricae, and many of the records of this fungus are considered to be doubtful or incorrect, either omitting a description of the fungus or including a description or illustration of an euodium conidiophore morphology.
-
streptopodium caricae sp nov with a discussion of powdery mildews on papaya and emended descriptions of the genus streptopodium and oidium caricae
Fungal Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Jennifer R. Liberato, Robert W. Barreto, Ricardo Pereira LouroAbstract:A new powdery mildew infecting papaya (Carica papaya) in Brazil, Streptopodium caricae sp. nov., is described. The species is compared with other Anamorphic Erysiphales known to infect papaya: Oidiopsis sicula, Ovulariopsis papayae, Oidium caricae, O. papayae, O. caricicola, O. indicum, O. caricae-papayae, Podosphaera (syn. Sphaerotheca) spp., and Erysiphe spp. An emended description Streptopodium and a key to the Anamorphs of powdery mildews on papaya are also presented. A re-examination of the type material of Phyllactinia caricaefolia showed that conidia in this material are dimorphic, indicating that its Anamorph does not belong to Ovulariopsis and that the teleomorph is not conspecific with Phyllactinia guttata. Oidium caricae, the common powdery mildew of papaya, was re-examined, recognized as a member of subgenus Pseudoidium, an emended description was prepared, and a new type was indicated. O. papayae was recognized as a synonym of O. caricae, and many of the records of this fungus are considered to be doubtful or incorrect, either omitting a description of the fungus or including a description or illustration of an euodium conidiophore morphology.
Pedro W. Crous - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 55: 235–253. 2006. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae
2013Co-Authors: Pedro W. Crous, Artur Alves, Michael J. Wingfield, John Rheeder, Walter F. O. Marasas, Alan J. L, Treena Burgess, Paul Barber, Johannes Z GroenewaldAbstract:Abstract: Botryosphaeria is a species-rich genus with a cosmopolitan distribution, commonly associated with dieback and cankers of woody plants. As many as 18 Anamorph genera have been associated with Botryosphaeria, most of which have been reduced to synonymy under Diplodia (conidia mostly ovoid, pigmented, thick-walled), or Fusicoccum (conidia mostly fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled). However, there are numerous conidial Anamorphs having morphological characteristics intermediate between Diplodia and Fusicoccum, and there are several records of species outside the Botryosphaeriaceae that have Anamorphs apparently typical of Botryosphaeria s.str. Recent studies have also linked Botryosphaeria to species with pigmented, septate ascospores, and Dothiorella Anamorphs, or Fusicoccum Anamorphs with Dichomera synAnamorphs. The aim of this study was to employ DNA sequence data of the 28S rDNA to resolve apparent lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae. From these data, 12 clades are recognised. Two of these lineages clustered outside the Botryosphaeriaceae, namely Diplodia-like Anamorphs occurring on maize, which are best accommodated in Stenocarpella (Diaporthales), as well as an unresolved clade including species of Camarosporium/Microdiplodia. We recognise 10 lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae, including an unresolved clade (Diplodia/Lasiodiplodia/Tiarosporella), Botryosphaeri
-
Molecular phylogeny of Phoma and allied Anamorph genera: towards a reclassification of the Phoma complex.
Mycological research, 2009Co-Authors: J. De Gruyter, Maikel M Aveskamp, Joyce H C Woudenberg, Gerard J M Verkley, Johannes Z Groenewald, Pedro W. CrousAbstract:The present generic concept of Phoma is broadly defined, with nine sections being recognised based on morphological characters. Teleomorph states of Phoma have been described in the genera Didymella, Leptosphaeria, Pleospora and Mycosphaerella, indicating that Phoma Anamorphs represent a polyphyletic group. In an attempt to delineate generic boundaries, representative strains of the various Phoma sections and allied coelomycetous genera were included for study. Sequence data of the 18S nrDNA (SSU) and the 28S nrDNA (LSU) regions of 18 Phoma strains included were compared with those of representative strains of 39 allied Anamorph genera, including Ascochyta, Coniothyrium, Deuterophoma, Microsphaeropsis, Pleurophoma, Pyrenochaeta, and 11 teleomorph genera. The type species of the Phoma sections Phoma, Phyllostictoides, Sclerophomella, Macrospora and Peyronellaea grouped in a subclade in the Pleosporales with the type species of Ascochyta and Microsphaeropsis. The new family Didymellaceae is proposed to accommodate these Phoma sections and related Anamorph genera. The present study demonstrated that Phoma radicina, the type species of Phoma sect. Paraphoma and Phoma heteromorphospora, the type species of Phoma sect. Heterospora can be assigned to the Phaeosphaeriaceae and Leptosphaeriaceae respectively.
-
Foliicolous Mycosphaerella spp. and their Anamorphs on Corymbia and Eucalyptus
Fungal Diversity, 2007Co-Authors: Pedro W. Crous, Brett A. Summerell, Angus J. Carnegie, Caroline Mohammed, W. Himaman, Johannes Z GroenewaldAbstract:The genus Eucalyptus is host to numerous species of Mycosphaerella, several of which are only known as Anamorphs, and for which no Mycosphaerella state is known. In this study new Mycosphaerella teleomorph states are described for Nothostrasseria dendritica and Trimmatostroma excentrica. Two new hyphomycete genera are introduced. Of these, Cibiessia gen. nov., with three new species accommodates an arthoconidial synAnamorph of Readeriella. Phaeothecoidea gen. nov. is described for species with brown, thick-walled endoconidia. Four additional new species of Mycosphaerella are introduced with several new Anamorph species described in Dissoconium, Phaeophleospora, Pseudocercospora, Ramularia and Stenella. Furthermore, an epitype is designated for Mycosphaerella molleriana. This study also presents new Eucalyptus host and distribution records including M. mexicana from Hawaii, M. ohnowa from Australia, M. acaciigena from Australia and Venezuela, M. heimii from Venezuela and Thailand, M. konae from Venezuela, and M. thailandica from Thailand.
-
Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae
Studies in mycology, 2006Co-Authors: Pedro W. Crous, Artur Alves, Paul R. Barber, Bernard Slippers, Michael J. Wingfield, John Rheeder, Walter F. O. Marasas, Treena I. Burgess, Alan J.l. Philips, Johannes Z GroenewaldAbstract:Botryosphaeria is a species-rich genus with a cosmopolitan distribution, commonly associated with dieback and cankers of woody plants. As many as 18 Anamorph genera have been associated with Botryosphaeria, most of which have been reduced to synonymy under Diplodia (conidia mostly ovoid, pigmented, thick-walled), or Fusicoccum (conidia mostly fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled). However, there are numerous conidial Anamorphs having morphological characteristics intermediate between Diplodia and Fusicoccum, and there are several records of species outside the Botryosphaeriaceae that have Anamorphs apparently typical of Botryosphaeria s.str. Recent studies have also linked Botryosphaeria to species with pigmented, septate ascospores, and Dothiorella Anamorphs, or Fusicoccum Anamorphs with Dichomera synAnamorphs. The aim of this study was to employ DNA sequence data of the 28S rDNA to resolve apparent lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae. From these data, 12 clades are recognised. Two of these lineages clustered outside the Botryosphaeriaceae, namely Diplodia-like Anamorphs occurring on maize, which are best accommodated in Stenocarpella (Diaporthales), as well as an unresolved clade including species of Camarosporium/Microdiplodia. We recognise 10 lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae, including an unresolved clade (Diplodia/Lasiodiplodia/Tiarosporella), Botryosphaeria s.str. (Fusicoccum Anamorphs), Macrophomina, Neoscytalidium gen. nov., Dothidotthia (Dothiorella Anamorphs), Neofusicoccum gen. nov. (Botryosphaeria-like teleomorphs, Dichomera-like synAnamorphs), Pseudofusicoccum gen. nov., Saccharata (Fusicoccum- and Diplodia-like synAnamorphs), "Botryosphaeria" quercuum (Diplodia-like Anamorph), and Guignardia (Phyllosticta Anamorphs). Separate teleomorph and Anamorph names are not provided for newly introduced genera, even where both morphs are known. The taxonomy of some clades and isolates (e.g. B. mamane) remains unresolved due to the absence of ex-type cultures. Taxonomic novelties: Neofusicoccum Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips gen. nov., Neofusicoccum andinum (Mohali, Slippers & M.J. Wingf.) Mohali, Slippers & M.J. Wingf. comb. nov., Neofusicoccum arbuti (D.F. Farr & M. Elliott) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum australe (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum eucalypticola (Slippers Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum (Crous, H. Smith & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum luteum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum macroclavatum (Burgess, Barber & Hardy) Burgess, Barber & Hardy comb. nov., Neofusicoccum mangiferae (Syd. & P. Syd.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum protearum (Denman & Crous) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum ribis (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum viticlavatum (Niekerk & Crous) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme (Niekerk & Crous) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips comb. nov., Neoscytalidium Crous & Slippers gen. nov., Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers comb. nov., Pseudofusicoccum (Mohali, Slippers & M.J. Wingf.) Mohali, Slippers & M.J. Wingf. gen. nov., Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum
-
New genera in the Calosphaeriales: Togniniella and its Anamorph Phaeocrella, and Calosphaeriophora as Anamorph of Calosphaeria
Studies in Mycology, 2004Co-Authors: Martina Réblová, Walter Gams, Lizel Mostert, Pedro W. CrousAbstract:During a survey of perithecial ascomycetes in New Zealand, two collections of a Togninia-like fungus were made on decayed wood. In culture, colonies produced a Phaeoacremonium-like Anamorph. In order to reveal the phylogenetic relationships of the unknown fungus and its affinity to Togninia and other genera in the Calosphaeriales, sequences of nuclear LSU and SSU ribosomal DNA were obtained of several members of this order. These data, supported by morpho- logical and cultural characteristics, confirm that the New Zealand fungus represents a new genus very close to Calosphaeria. The genus Togniniella is proposed here to accommodate these collections, while Phaeocrella is established for their ana- morphs. Furthermore, Calosphaeria pulchella was found to form a distinct Acremonium-like Anamorph in culture, for which the genus Calosphaeriophora is proposed. Pleurostoma with Pleurostomophora Anamorphs is a sister genus to the above two genera, forming the Pleurostomataceae. Togninia with its Phaeoacremonium Anamorphs, together with Jobellisia, are closer to the Diaporthales, and deserve the rank of family, for which Togniniaceae is proposed. The presence of significantly different Anamorphs in the Calosphaeriales, as well as obvious differences in teleomorph morphology of species accommo- dated in Calosphaeria, suggest that both the Calosphaeriales and Calosphaeria as presently perceived, are polyphyletic. Taxonomic novelties: Calosphaeriophora Reblova, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous gen. nov., Calosphaeriophora pulchella Reblova, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous sp. nov., Phaeocrella Reblova, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous gen. nov., Phaeocrella acerosa Reblova, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous sp. nov., Pleurostomataceae Reblova, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous fam. nov., Togniniaceae Reblova, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous fam. nov., Togniniella Reblova, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous gen. nov., Togniniella acerosa Reblova, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous sp. nov.