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Zafar Iqbal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of trianthema portulacastrum l and musa paradisiaca l against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Altaf Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Sajid, Muhammad Nisar Khan, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Kasib Khan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Evaluation of Anthelmintic effects of Trianthema ( T. ) portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae) whole plant and Musa ( M. ) paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) leaves against prevalent gastrointestinal worms of sheep was done that may justify their traditional use in veterinary clinical medicine. In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of the crude aqueous methanolic extract (CAME) of both the plants was determined using mature female Haemonchus ( H. ) contortus and their eggs in adult motility assay (AMA) and egg hatch test (EHT), respectively. In vivo Anthelmintic Activity of crude powder (CP) and CAME in increasing doses (1.0–8.0 g kg −1 ) was determined in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of nematodes using fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and larval counts. The study design also included untreated as well as treated controls. Fecal egg count reduction and larval counts from coprocultures were performed pre- and post-treatments to assess the Anthelmintic Activity of the plants. CAME of T. portulacastrum and M. paradisiaca showed a strong in vitro Anthelmintic Activity and pronounced inhibitory effects on H. contortus egg hatching as observed through AMA and EHT, respectively. Both plants exhibited dose and time dependent Anthelmintic effects on live worms as well as egg hatching. M. paradisiaca (LC 50  = 2.13 μg mL −1 ) was found to be more potent than T. portulacastrum (LC 50  = 2.41 μg mL −1 ) in EHT. However, in vivo , maximum reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded as 85.6% and 80.7% with CAME of T. portulacastrum and M. paradisiaca at 8.0 g kg −1 on 15th day post-treatment, respectively as compared to that of Levamisole (7.5 mg kg −1 ) that caused 97.0% reduction in EPG. All the species of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), i.e. Haemonchus contortus , Trichostronglyus spp., Oesophagostomum columbianum and Trichuris ovis which were prevalent, found susceptible ( P T. portulacastrum and M. paradisiaca possess strong Anthelmintic Activity in vitro and in vivo , thus, justifying their use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan.

  • IN VITRO SCREENING OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA AND TERMINALIA ARJUNA FOR THEIR Anthelmintic Activity
    Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2011
    Co-Authors: Adil Hussain, Muhammad Kasib Khan, Zafar Iqbal, M. N. Khan, Muhammad Sajid, Rao Zahid Abbas, Muhammad Asif Raza, E. U. Ghafoor, I. Ahmad
    Abstract:

    The present studies have been planned to evaluate ovicidal efficacy of Ziziphus mauritiana and Terminalia arjuna leaves. For this purpose, egg hatch test (EHT) was conducted on nematode ova to investigate the in vitro ovicidal effects of crude aqueous extract (CAE) and crude aqueous methanolic extracts (CAME) of the leaves of the plants. Lethal concentration 50 (LC 50 ) values of CAE and CAME of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves were 0.1773 and 0.6778 while of Terminalia arjuna leaves were 1.502 and 3.002 respectively. This study shows that Ziziphus mauritiana and Terminalia arjuna leaves possess in vitro Anthelmintic Activity. The study also suggests further large scale pharmacological and toxicological studies for their use in veterinary medicine.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of ziziphus nummularia bark and acacia nilotica fruit against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Hafiz Allah Bachaya, Muhammad Nisar Khan, Zia-ud-din Sindhu, Abdul Jabbar, Zafar Iqbal
    Abstract:

    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ziziphus nummularia (Rhamnaceae) and Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae) are being used as Anthelmintics in ethnoveterinary medicinal system of Pakistan. AIM OF THE STUDY: Present study was conducted to determine the Anthelmintic Activity of Ziziphus nummularia (bark) and Acacia nilotica (fruit) in order to justify their traditional use in veterinary medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of crude methanolic extract (CME) of both the plants was determined against Haemonchus contortus by the adult motility assay, the egg hatch test and the larval development assay. In vivo Anthelmintic Activity was evaluated in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes by administering increasing doses of crude powder (CP) and CME (1.0-3.0 g/kg). RESULTS: Both the plants exhibited dose- and time-dependent Anthelmintic effects by causing mortality of worms, and inhibiting egg hatching and larval development. Acacia nilotica (LC(50)=512.86 and 194.98 microg/ml) was found to be more potent than Ziziphus nummularia (LC(50)=676.08 and 398.11 microg/ml) in egg hatch test and larval development assay, respectively. In vivo, maximum fecal egg count reduction (84.7%) was recorded on day 13 post-treatment in sheep treated with Ziziphus nummularia CME (3.0 g/kg) followed by 78.5% on same day with Acacia nilotica CME (3.0 g/kg). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that both Ziziphus nummularia and Acacia nilotica possess Anthelmintic Activity in vitro and in vivo, justifying their use in traditional veterinary medicine in Pakistan.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of chenopodium album l and caesalpinia crista l against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Abdul Jabbar, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Arfan Zaman, Muhammad Yaseen, Asim Shamim
    Abstract:

    Aim of the study: The present study was carried out to determine the Anthelmintic Activity of Caesalpinia crista (L.) (Fabaceae) seed kernel and Chenopodium album (L.) (Chenopodiaceae) whole plant in order to justify their traditional use in veterinary medicine. Materials and methods: In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of crude aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of both the plants was determined using mature Haemonchus contortus and their eggs in adult motility assay and egg hatch test, respectively. In vivo Anthelmintic Activity was evaluated in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes by administering crude powder (CP) and AME in increasing doses (1.0–3.0 g/kg). Results: Both plants exhibited dose- and time-dependent Anthelmintic effects by causing mortality of worms and inhibition of egg hatching. Caesalpinia crista (LC50 = 0.134 mg/mL) was found to be more potent than Chenopodium album (LC50 = 0.449 mg/mL) in egg hatch test. In vivo, maximum reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded as 93.9 and 82.2% with Caesalpinia crista and Chenopodium album AME at 3.0 g/kg on day 13 and 5 post-treatment, respectively. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard Anthelmintic agent, showed 95.1–95.6% reduction in EPG. Conclusions: These data show that both Caesalpinia crista and Chenopodium album possess Anthelmintic Activity in vitro and in vivo, thus, justifying their use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of ginger against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Lateef, Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar, Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur, Anwarul Hassan Gilani
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the Anthelmintic Activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (family Zingiberaceae) rhizome, commonly known as ginger, to justify its traditional use in veterinary medicine. Crude powder (CP) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of dried ginger (1-3 g/kg) were administered to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Both CP and CAE exhibited a dose- and a time-dependent Anthelmintic effect with respective maximum reduction of 25.6% and 66.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on day 10 of post-treatment. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard Anthelmintic agent, exhibited 99.2% reduction in EPG. This study shows that ginger possesses in vivo Anthelmintic Activity in sheep thus justifying the age-old traditional use of this plant in helminth infestation.

Abdul Jabbar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of ziziphus nummularia bark and acacia nilotica fruit against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Hafiz Allah Bachaya, Muhammad Nisar Khan, Zia-ud-din Sindhu, Abdul Jabbar, Zafar Iqbal
    Abstract:

    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ziziphus nummularia (Rhamnaceae) and Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae) are being used as Anthelmintics in ethnoveterinary medicinal system of Pakistan. AIM OF THE STUDY: Present study was conducted to determine the Anthelmintic Activity of Ziziphus nummularia (bark) and Acacia nilotica (fruit) in order to justify their traditional use in veterinary medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of crude methanolic extract (CME) of both the plants was determined against Haemonchus contortus by the adult motility assay, the egg hatch test and the larval development assay. In vivo Anthelmintic Activity was evaluated in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes by administering increasing doses of crude powder (CP) and CME (1.0-3.0 g/kg). RESULTS: Both the plants exhibited dose- and time-dependent Anthelmintic effects by causing mortality of worms, and inhibiting egg hatching and larval development. Acacia nilotica (LC(50)=512.86 and 194.98 microg/ml) was found to be more potent than Ziziphus nummularia (LC(50)=676.08 and 398.11 microg/ml) in egg hatch test and larval development assay, respectively. In vivo, maximum fecal egg count reduction (84.7%) was recorded on day 13 post-treatment in sheep treated with Ziziphus nummularia CME (3.0 g/kg) followed by 78.5% on same day with Acacia nilotica CME (3.0 g/kg). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that both Ziziphus nummularia and Acacia nilotica possess Anthelmintic Activity in vitro and in vivo, justifying their use in traditional veterinary medicine in Pakistan.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of chenopodium album l and caesalpinia crista l against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Abdul Jabbar, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Arfan Zaman, Muhammad Yaseen, Asim Shamim
    Abstract:

    Aim of the study: The present study was carried out to determine the Anthelmintic Activity of Caesalpinia crista (L.) (Fabaceae) seed kernel and Chenopodium album (L.) (Chenopodiaceae) whole plant in order to justify their traditional use in veterinary medicine. Materials and methods: In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of crude aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of both the plants was determined using mature Haemonchus contortus and their eggs in adult motility assay and egg hatch test, respectively. In vivo Anthelmintic Activity was evaluated in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes by administering crude powder (CP) and AME in increasing doses (1.0–3.0 g/kg). Results: Both plants exhibited dose- and time-dependent Anthelmintic effects by causing mortality of worms and inhibition of egg hatching. Caesalpinia crista (LC50 = 0.134 mg/mL) was found to be more potent than Chenopodium album (LC50 = 0.449 mg/mL) in egg hatch test. In vivo, maximum reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded as 93.9 and 82.2% with Caesalpinia crista and Chenopodium album AME at 3.0 g/kg on day 13 and 5 post-treatment, respectively. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard Anthelmintic agent, showed 95.1–95.6% reduction in EPG. Conclusions: These data show that both Caesalpinia crista and Chenopodium album possess Anthelmintic Activity in vitro and in vivo, thus, justifying their use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • in vitro and in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of nicotiana tabacum l leaves against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
    Phytotherapy Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Lateef, Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur, Anwarul Hassan Gilani
    Abstract:

    The in vitro and in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves was studied to rationalize its traditional use. Live Haemonchus contortus were used to assess the in vitro Anthelmintic effect of a crude aqueous extract (CAE) and a methanol extract (CME) of N. tabacum. The in vitro inhibitory effect of both the extracts was evident from the paralysis and/or mortality of worms noted at 6 h post-exposure. For the in vivo studies, CAE and CME were administered in increasing doses (1.0-3.0 g/kg) to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. A maximum reduction of 73.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded on day 5 post-treatment with CME (3.0 g/kg) while the same dose of CAE showed a 49.4% reduction. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard Anthelmintic agent, showed a 99.6% reduction in EPG. These data show that the aqueous and methanol extracts of Nicotiana tabacum exhibit dose-dependent Anthelmintic Activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus justifying its use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of calotropis procera ait ait f flowers in sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Lateef, Ghulam Muhammad, Muhammad Nisar Khan
    Abstract:

    The Anthelmintic Activity of Calotropis (C.) procera flowers in comparison with levamisole was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies revealed Anthelmintic effects (P < 0.05) of crude aqueous (CAE) and crude methanolic extracts (CME) of Calotropis procera flowers on live Haemonchus (H.) contortus as evident from their mortality or temporary paralysis. For in vivo studies, Calotropis procera flowers were administered as crude powder (CP), CAE and CME to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Egg count percent reduction (ECR) was recorded as 88.4 and 77.8% in sheep treated with CAE and CP at 3 g kg−1 body weight on day 7 and 10 post-treatment (PT), respectively. CME was least effective resulting in 20.9% reduction in ECR on day 7 PT. It was found that Calotropis procera flowers possess good Anthelmintic Activity against nematodes, yet it was lower than that exhibited by levamisole (97.8–100%). It is suggested that further research on large scale be carried out involving a large number of animals, doses higher than those used in the current study, identification of active principles, and standardization of dose and toxicity studies for drug development.

Muhammad Nisar Khan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of trianthema portulacastrum l and musa paradisiaca l against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Altaf Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Sajid, Muhammad Nisar Khan, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Kasib Khan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Evaluation of Anthelmintic effects of Trianthema ( T. ) portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae) whole plant and Musa ( M. ) paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) leaves against prevalent gastrointestinal worms of sheep was done that may justify their traditional use in veterinary clinical medicine. In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of the crude aqueous methanolic extract (CAME) of both the plants was determined using mature female Haemonchus ( H. ) contortus and their eggs in adult motility assay (AMA) and egg hatch test (EHT), respectively. In vivo Anthelmintic Activity of crude powder (CP) and CAME in increasing doses (1.0–8.0 g kg −1 ) was determined in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of nematodes using fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and larval counts. The study design also included untreated as well as treated controls. Fecal egg count reduction and larval counts from coprocultures were performed pre- and post-treatments to assess the Anthelmintic Activity of the plants. CAME of T. portulacastrum and M. paradisiaca showed a strong in vitro Anthelmintic Activity and pronounced inhibitory effects on H. contortus egg hatching as observed through AMA and EHT, respectively. Both plants exhibited dose and time dependent Anthelmintic effects on live worms as well as egg hatching. M. paradisiaca (LC 50  = 2.13 μg mL −1 ) was found to be more potent than T. portulacastrum (LC 50  = 2.41 μg mL −1 ) in EHT. However, in vivo , maximum reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded as 85.6% and 80.7% with CAME of T. portulacastrum and M. paradisiaca at 8.0 g kg −1 on 15th day post-treatment, respectively as compared to that of Levamisole (7.5 mg kg −1 ) that caused 97.0% reduction in EPG. All the species of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), i.e. Haemonchus contortus , Trichostronglyus spp., Oesophagostomum columbianum and Trichuris ovis which were prevalent, found susceptible ( P T. portulacastrum and M. paradisiaca possess strong Anthelmintic Activity in vitro and in vivo , thus, justifying their use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of ziziphus nummularia bark and acacia nilotica fruit against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Hafiz Allah Bachaya, Muhammad Nisar Khan, Zia-ud-din Sindhu, Abdul Jabbar, Zafar Iqbal
    Abstract:

    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ziziphus nummularia (Rhamnaceae) and Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae) are being used as Anthelmintics in ethnoveterinary medicinal system of Pakistan. AIM OF THE STUDY: Present study was conducted to determine the Anthelmintic Activity of Ziziphus nummularia (bark) and Acacia nilotica (fruit) in order to justify their traditional use in veterinary medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of crude methanolic extract (CME) of both the plants was determined against Haemonchus contortus by the adult motility assay, the egg hatch test and the larval development assay. In vivo Anthelmintic Activity was evaluated in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes by administering increasing doses of crude powder (CP) and CME (1.0-3.0 g/kg). RESULTS: Both the plants exhibited dose- and time-dependent Anthelmintic effects by causing mortality of worms, and inhibiting egg hatching and larval development. Acacia nilotica (LC(50)=512.86 and 194.98 microg/ml) was found to be more potent than Ziziphus nummularia (LC(50)=676.08 and 398.11 microg/ml) in egg hatch test and larval development assay, respectively. In vivo, maximum fecal egg count reduction (84.7%) was recorded on day 13 post-treatment in sheep treated with Ziziphus nummularia CME (3.0 g/kg) followed by 78.5% on same day with Acacia nilotica CME (3.0 g/kg). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that both Ziziphus nummularia and Acacia nilotica possess Anthelmintic Activity in vitro and in vivo, justifying their use in traditional veterinary medicine in Pakistan.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of calotropis procera ait ait f flowers in sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Lateef, Ghulam Muhammad, Muhammad Nisar Khan
    Abstract:

    The Anthelmintic Activity of Calotropis (C.) procera flowers in comparison with levamisole was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies revealed Anthelmintic effects (P < 0.05) of crude aqueous (CAE) and crude methanolic extracts (CME) of Calotropis procera flowers on live Haemonchus (H.) contortus as evident from their mortality or temporary paralysis. For in vivo studies, Calotropis procera flowers were administered as crude powder (CP), CAE and CME to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Egg count percent reduction (ECR) was recorded as 88.4 and 77.8% in sheep treated with CAE and CP at 3 g kg−1 body weight on day 7 and 10 post-treatment (PT), respectively. CME was least effective resulting in 20.9% reduction in ECR on day 7 PT. It was found that Calotropis procera flowers possess good Anthelmintic Activity against nematodes, yet it was lower than that exhibited by levamisole (97.8–100%). It is suggested that further research on large scale be carried out involving a large number of animals, doses higher than those used in the current study, identification of active principles, and standardization of dose and toxicity studies for drug development.

Anwarul Hassan Gilani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of ginger against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Lateef, Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar, Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur, Anwarul Hassan Gilani
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the Anthelmintic Activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (family Zingiberaceae) rhizome, commonly known as ginger, to justify its traditional use in veterinary medicine. Crude powder (CP) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of dried ginger (1-3 g/kg) were administered to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Both CP and CAE exhibited a dose- and a time-dependent Anthelmintic effect with respective maximum reduction of 25.6% and 66.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on day 10 of post-treatment. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard Anthelmintic agent, exhibited 99.2% reduction in EPG. This study shows that ginger possesses in vivo Anthelmintic Activity in sheep thus justifying the age-old traditional use of this plant in helminth infestation.

  • in vitro and in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of nicotiana tabacum l leaves against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
    Phytotherapy Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Lateef, Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur, Anwarul Hassan Gilani
    Abstract:

    The in vitro and in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves was studied to rationalize its traditional use. Live Haemonchus contortus were used to assess the in vitro Anthelmintic effect of a crude aqueous extract (CAE) and a methanol extract (CME) of N. tabacum. The in vitro inhibitory effect of both the extracts was evident from the paralysis and/or mortality of worms noted at 6 h post-exposure. For the in vivo studies, CAE and CME were administered in increasing doses (1.0-3.0 g/kg) to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. A maximum reduction of 73.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded on day 5 post-treatment with CME (3.0 g/kg) while the same dose of CAE showed a 49.4% reduction. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard Anthelmintic agent, showed a 99.6% reduction in EPG. These data show that the aqueous and methanol extracts of Nicotiana tabacum exhibit dose-dependent Anthelmintic Activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus justifying its use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan.

Muhammad Lateef - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of ginger against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Lateef, Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar, Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur, Anwarul Hassan Gilani
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the Anthelmintic Activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (family Zingiberaceae) rhizome, commonly known as ginger, to justify its traditional use in veterinary medicine. Crude powder (CP) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of dried ginger (1-3 g/kg) were administered to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Both CP and CAE exhibited a dose- and a time-dependent Anthelmintic effect with respective maximum reduction of 25.6% and 66.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on day 10 of post-treatment. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard Anthelmintic agent, exhibited 99.2% reduction in EPG. This study shows that ginger possesses in vivo Anthelmintic Activity in sheep thus justifying the age-old traditional use of this plant in helminth infestation.

  • in vitro and in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of nicotiana tabacum l leaves against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
    Phytotherapy Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Lateef, Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur, Anwarul Hassan Gilani
    Abstract:

    The in vitro and in vivo Anthelmintic Activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves was studied to rationalize its traditional use. Live Haemonchus contortus were used to assess the in vitro Anthelmintic effect of a crude aqueous extract (CAE) and a methanol extract (CME) of N. tabacum. The in vitro inhibitory effect of both the extracts was evident from the paralysis and/or mortality of worms noted at 6 h post-exposure. For the in vivo studies, CAE and CME were administered in increasing doses (1.0-3.0 g/kg) to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. A maximum reduction of 73.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded on day 5 post-treatment with CME (3.0 g/kg) while the same dose of CAE showed a 49.4% reduction. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard Anthelmintic agent, showed a 99.6% reduction in EPG. These data show that the aqueous and methanol extracts of Nicotiana tabacum exhibit dose-dependent Anthelmintic Activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus justifying its use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan.

  • Anthelmintic Activity of calotropis procera ait ait f flowers in sheep
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Lateef, Ghulam Muhammad, Muhammad Nisar Khan
    Abstract:

    The Anthelmintic Activity of Calotropis (C.) procera flowers in comparison with levamisole was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies revealed Anthelmintic effects (P < 0.05) of crude aqueous (CAE) and crude methanolic extracts (CME) of Calotropis procera flowers on live Haemonchus (H.) contortus as evident from their mortality or temporary paralysis. For in vivo studies, Calotropis procera flowers were administered as crude powder (CP), CAE and CME to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Egg count percent reduction (ECR) was recorded as 88.4 and 77.8% in sheep treated with CAE and CP at 3 g kg−1 body weight on day 7 and 10 post-treatment (PT), respectively. CME was least effective resulting in 20.9% reduction in ECR on day 7 PT. It was found that Calotropis procera flowers possess good Anthelmintic Activity against nematodes, yet it was lower than that exhibited by levamisole (97.8–100%). It is suggested that further research on large scale be carried out involving a large number of animals, doses higher than those used in the current study, identification of active principles, and standardization of dose and toxicity studies for drug development.