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Michael J. Zvolensky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Refinement of Anxiety Sensitivity measurement: The Short Scale Anxiety Sensitivity Index (SSASI)
Psychiatry research, 2018Co-Authors: Michael J. Zvolensky, Lorra Garey, Thomas A. Fergus, Matthew W. Gallagher, Andres G. Viana, Justin M. Shepherd, Nubia A. Mayorga, Lance P. Kelley, Jackson O. Griggs, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Anxiety Sensitivity, defined as the fear of Anxiety and arousal-related sensations, has been among the most influential cognitive-based transdiagnostic risk and maintenance factors in the study and treatment of emotional and related disorders. The currently available Anxiety Sensitivity measures are limited by their length. Specifically, the length of these instruments discourages the adoption of routine Anxiety Sensitivity assessment in clinical or medical settings (e.g., primary care). The goals of this study were to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a short version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3; Taylor et al., 2007), entitled the Short Scale Anxiety Sensitivity Index (SSASI), using three independent clinical samples. Results indicated that the abbreviated five-item version of the SSASI had good internal consistency and a robust association with the ASI-3. Further, across the samples, there was evidence of unidimensionality and excellent convergent and discriminant validity. There also was evidence of partial measurement invariance across sex and full measurement invariance across time. Overall, the five-item scale offers a single score that can be employed to measure Anxiety Sensitivity. Use of the SSASI may facilitate screening efforts and symptom tracking for Anxiety Sensitivity, particularly within clinical settings where practical demands necessitate the use of brief assessment instruments.
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Towards a greater understanding of Anxiety Sensitivity across groups: The construct validity of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3.
Psychiatry research, 2018Co-Authors: Charles Jardin, Lorra Garey, Nubia A. Mayorga, Jafar Bakhshaie, Daniel J. Paulus, Brooke Y. Kauffman, Kara Manning, Michael J. ZvolenskyAbstract:Abstract The present study examined the factor structure, invariance properties, reliability, and validity of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3, Taylor et al., 2007). Participants were recruited from a large, ethnically diverse southwestern university (n = 3651; 77.8% female; Mage = 22.06 years; 28% non-Hispanic White). Findings supported a bifactor structure for the ASI-3, which demonstrated measurement invariance across sex, race/ethnicity, age, and sexual minority status. Furthermore, the ASI-3 demonstrated strong reliability and validity, with the Anxiety Sensitivity general and specific factors (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) evidencing unique patterns of relations with symptoms of depression, suicidality, anxious arousal, and social Anxiety. Clinically, these findings generally support the validity of the ASI-3 in measuring Anxiety Sensitivity across sex, age, race/ethnicity, and sexual minority status. Future work is needed to better understand the role Anxiety Sensitivity plays within specific demographic subgroups, particularly African–Americans, Asian Americans, and sexual minorities.
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Understanding the Connection Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Respiratory Problems: Contributions of Anxiety Sensitivity
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2017Co-Authors: Brittain L. Mahaffey, Michael J. Zvolensky, Samantha G. Farris, Adam Gonzalez, Evelyn J. Bromet, Benjamin J. Luft, Roman KotovAbstract:Respiratory problems and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the signature health consequences associated with the September 11, 2001 (9/11), World Trade Center disaster and frequently co-occur. The reasons for this comorbidity, however, remain unknown. Anxiety Sensitivity is a transdiagnostic trait that is associated with both PTSD and respiratory symptoms. The present study explored whether Anxiety Sensitivity could explain the experience of respiratory symptoms in trauma-exposed smokers with PTSD symptoms. Participants (N = 135; Mage = 49.18 years, SD = 10.01) were 9/11-exposed daily smokers. Cross-sectional self-report measures were used to assess PTSD symptoms, Anxiety Sensitivity, and respiratory symptoms. After controlling for covariates and PTSD symptoms, Anxiety Sensitivity accounted for significant additional variance in respiratory symptoms (ΔR2 = .04 to .08). This effect was specific to the somatic concerns dimension (β = .29, p = .020); somatic concerns contributed significantly to accounting for the overlap between PTSD and respiratory symptoms, b = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.07]. These findings suggest that the somatic dimension of Anxiety Sensitivity is important in understanding respiratory symptoms in individuals with PTSD symptoms. These findings also suggest that it may be critical to address Anxiety Sensitivity when treating patients with comorbid respiratory problems and PTSD.
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Anxiety Sensitivity class membership moderates the effects of pre-quit reduction in Anxiety Sensitivity on quit-day tobacco craving.
Journal of anxiety disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Jafar Bakhshaie, Adam M Leventhal, Michael J. Zvolensky, Jasper A. J. Smits, Kirsten J. Langdon, Nicholas P. Allan, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Abstract Background Although Anxiety Sensitivity has been primarily conceptualized as a dimensional latent construct, empirical evidence suggests that it also maintains a latent class structure, reflecting low-, moderate-, and high-risk underlying classes. The present study sought to explore whether these Anxiety Sensitivity classes moderated the relations between the degree of pre-quit reductions in Anxiety Sensitivity and the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving experienced on quit-day. Methods Participants included 195 adult smokers (47% female; Mage = 39.4) participating in a larger “Anxiety Sensitivity reduction-smoking cessation” intervention trial. Results Anxiety Sensitivity class significantly moderated relations between pre-quit reduction in Anxiety Sensitivity and quit-day craving. Specifically, smokers within the Anxiety Sensitivity high-risk class, who also demonstrated lesser pre-quit reductions in Anxiety Sensitivity, experienced the highest levels of craving on quit-day. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of ‘high-risk' classes of Anxiety Sensitivity to better understand the experience of craving on quit day.
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Robust dimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity: Development and initial validation of the Anxiety Sensitivity index-3
Psychological assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Steven Taylor, Michael J. Zvolensky, Brett J. Deacon, Brian J. Cox, Bonifacio Sandín, Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Richard G. Heimberg, Deborah Roth Ledley, Robert M. Holaway, Sherry H. StewartAbstract:Accumulating evidence suggests that Anxiety Sensitivity (fear of arousal-related sensations) plays an important role in many clinical conditions, particularly Anxiety disorders. Research has increasingly focused on how the basic dimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity are related to various forms of psychopathology. Such work has been hampered because the original measure--the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI)--was not designed to be multidimensional. Subsequently developed multidimensional measures have unstable factor structures or measure only a subset of the most widely replicated factors. Therefore, the authors developed, via factor analysis of responses from U.S. and Canadian nonclinical participants (n=2,361), an 18-item measure, the ASI-3, which assesses the 3 factors best replicated in previous research: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Concerns. Factorial validity of the ASI-3 was supported by confirmatory factor analyses of 6 replication samples, including nonclinical samples from the United States and Canada, France, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Spain (n=4,494) and a clinical sample from the United States and Canada (n=390). The ASI-3 displayed generally good performance on other indices of reliability and validity, along with evidence of improved psychometric properties over the original ASI.
Norman B. Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Refinement of Anxiety Sensitivity measurement: The Short Scale Anxiety Sensitivity Index (SSASI)
Psychiatry research, 2018Co-Authors: Michael J. Zvolensky, Lorra Garey, Thomas A. Fergus, Matthew W. Gallagher, Andres G. Viana, Justin M. Shepherd, Nubia A. Mayorga, Lance P. Kelley, Jackson O. Griggs, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Anxiety Sensitivity, defined as the fear of Anxiety and arousal-related sensations, has been among the most influential cognitive-based transdiagnostic risk and maintenance factors in the study and treatment of emotional and related disorders. The currently available Anxiety Sensitivity measures are limited by their length. Specifically, the length of these instruments discourages the adoption of routine Anxiety Sensitivity assessment in clinical or medical settings (e.g., primary care). The goals of this study were to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a short version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3; Taylor et al., 2007), entitled the Short Scale Anxiety Sensitivity Index (SSASI), using three independent clinical samples. Results indicated that the abbreviated five-item version of the SSASI had good internal consistency and a robust association with the ASI-3. Further, across the samples, there was evidence of unidimensionality and excellent convergent and discriminant validity. There also was evidence of partial measurement invariance across sex and full measurement invariance across time. Overall, the five-item scale offers a single score that can be employed to measure Anxiety Sensitivity. Use of the SSASI may facilitate screening efforts and symptom tracking for Anxiety Sensitivity, particularly within clinical settings where practical demands necessitate the use of brief assessment instruments.
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Anxiety Sensitivity class membership moderates the effects of pre-quit reduction in Anxiety Sensitivity on quit-day tobacco craving.
Journal of anxiety disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Jafar Bakhshaie, Adam M Leventhal, Michael J. Zvolensky, Jasper A. J. Smits, Kirsten J. Langdon, Nicholas P. Allan, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Abstract Background Although Anxiety Sensitivity has been primarily conceptualized as a dimensional latent construct, empirical evidence suggests that it also maintains a latent class structure, reflecting low-, moderate-, and high-risk underlying classes. The present study sought to explore whether these Anxiety Sensitivity classes moderated the relations between the degree of pre-quit reductions in Anxiety Sensitivity and the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving experienced on quit-day. Methods Participants included 195 adult smokers (47% female; Mage = 39.4) participating in a larger “Anxiety Sensitivity reduction-smoking cessation” intervention trial. Results Anxiety Sensitivity class significantly moderated relations between pre-quit reduction in Anxiety Sensitivity and quit-day craving. Specifically, smokers within the Anxiety Sensitivity high-risk class, who also demonstrated lesser pre-quit reductions in Anxiety Sensitivity, experienced the highest levels of craving on quit-day. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of ‘high-risk' classes of Anxiety Sensitivity to better understand the experience of craving on quit day.
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Direct and Interactive Effects of Distress Tolerance and Anxiety Sensitivity on Generalized Anxiety and Depression
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2014Co-Authors: Nicholas P. Allan, Richard J. Macatee, Aaron M. Norr, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Anxiety Sensitivity and distress tolerance are both hypothesized risk factors for generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it is unclear whether these factors synergistically influence GAD and MDD and related symptoms. Using latent variable methods, direct and interactive relations between Anxiety Sensitivity and distress tolerance with worry and depressive symptoms and with GAD and MDD diagnoses were examined in 347 outpatients. Interactive effects of Anxiety Sensitivity and distress tolerance were found for worry and GAD/MDD. The interactions generally suggested that Anxiety Sensitivity confers a greater risk for worry and GAD/MDD at higher levels of distress tolerance, and that distress tolerance confers a greater risk for worry and GAD/MDD at lower levels of Anxiety Sensitivity. Given the interactive effects of Anxiety Sensitivity and distress tolerance for GAD/MDD, interventions targeting both risk factors may prove more efficacious than targeting each individually.
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Examining the latent structure of Anxiety Sensitivity in adolescents using factor mixture modeling.
Psychological assessment, 2014Co-Authors: Nicholas P. Allan, Laura Macpherson, Kevin C. Young, Carl W. Lejuez, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Anxiety Sensitivity has been implicated as an important risk factor, generalizable to most Anxiety disorders. In adults, factor mixture modeling has been used to demonstrate that Anxiety Sensitivity is best conceptualized as categorical between individuals. That is, whereas most adults appear to possess normative levels of Anxiety Sensitivity, a small subset of the population appears to possess abnormally high levels of Anxiety Sensitivity. Further, those in the high Anxiety Sensitivity group are at increased risk of having high levels of Anxiety and of having an Anxiety disorder. This study was designed to determine whether these findings extend to adolescents. Factor mixture modeling was used to examine the best fitting model of Anxiety Sensitivity in a sample of 277 adolescents (M age = 11.0 years, SD = 0.81). Consistent with research in adults, the best fitting model consisted of 2 classes, 1 containing adolescents with high levels of Anxiety Sensitivity (n = 25) and another containing adolescents with normative levels of Anxiety Sensitivity (n = 252). Examination of Anxiety Sensitivity subscales revealed that the social concerns subscale was not important for classification of individuals. Convergent and discriminant validity of Anxiety Sensitivity classes were found in that membership in the high Anxiety Sensitivity class was associated with higher mean levels of Anxiety symptoms, controlling for depression and externalizing problems, and was not associated with higher mean levels of depression or externalizing symptoms controlling for Anxiety problems.
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Ethnoracial differences in Anxiety Sensitivity: examining the validity of competing Anxiety Sensitivity index subscales.
Journal of anxiety disorders, 2012Co-Authors: Lora Rose Hunter, Meghan E. Keough, Kiara R. Timpano, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Abstract Despite the increasing number of Americans who are considered to be a part of an ethnoracial minority group, there have been few investigations of the cross-cultural validity of measures of psychopathology. The limited existing literature suggests potential differences between African American (AA) and European American (EA) individuals with respect to the utility of self-report measures, including Anxiety Sensitivity. Physical, mental, and social domains of Anxiety Sensitivity are measured using subscales derived from a 3-factor model reported in EA samples despite evidence suggesting that Anxiety Sensitivity in AA samples is characterized by more distinct physical concerns. The current study compared the concurrent and predictive validity of the traditional Anxiety Sensitivity subscales representing 3 domains and a 4-subscale formulation based on predictions about the construct in AA samples. Comparisons of both AA ( N = 41) and EA ( N = 298) samples are included. Findings suggest some ethnoracial group differences in the concurrent and predictive validity of Anxiety Sensitivity subscales, specifically supporting the appropriateness and specificity of the 4-factor model of Anxiety Sensitivity in AA samples. Implications are discussed, including identification of sociocultural mechanisms that might influence psychometric properties of measures of Anxiety.
Steven Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treating Anxiety Sensitivity in adults with Anxiety and related disorders
The Clinician's Guide to Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment and Assessment, 2019Co-Authors: Steven TaylorAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to review the theory, research, and practice concerning the treatment of Anxiety Sensitivity for adults suffering from Anxiety or related disorders. We will consider the major DSM-5 Anxiety disorders in which Anxiety Sensitivity has been the target of treatment in research studies (panic disorder, specific phobia, social Anxiety disorder), along with the two major Anxiety-related disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder). Interventions that reduce Anxiety Sensitivity include psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, interoceptive exposure, and situational exposure. These can be implemented as part of disorder-specific protocols (e.g., a treatment specifically for panic disorder) or as part of transdiagnostic protocols, which can be applied to a range of different emotional disorders. Examples are presented to illustrate the clinical application of Anxiety Sensitivity reduction strategies. Solutions to problems in implementing these strategies are also discussed.
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Anxiety Sensitivity : theory, Research, and Treatment of the Fear of Anxiety
2014Co-Authors: Steven TaylorAbstract:Contents: S. Rachman, Foreword. Preface. Part I:Conceptual Foundations. R.J. McNally, Theoretical Approaches to the Fear of Anxiety. S. Taylor, I.C. Fedoroff, The Expectancy Theory of Fear, Anxiety, and Panic: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis. S. Reiss, The Sensitivity Theory of Aberrant Motivation. Part II:Psychometric Foundations. R.A. Peterson, K. Plehn, Measuring Anxiety Sensitivity. R.E. Zinbarg, J. Mohlman, N.N. Hong, Dimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity. B.J. Cox, S.C. Borger, M.W. Enns, Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotional Disorders: Psychometric Studies and Their Theoretical Implications. S.O. Lilienfeld, Anxiety Sensitivity and the Structure of Personality. Part III:New Research on Basic Mechanisms: Causes and Consequences of Anxiety Sensitivity. R.J. McNally, Anxiety Sensitivity and Information-Processing Biases for Threat. M.B. Stein, R.M. Rapee, Biological Aspects of Anxiety Sensitivity: Is It All in the Head? N.B. Schmidt, Prospective Evaluations of Anxiety Sensitivity. Part IV:New Directions in Anxiety Sensitivity Research. W.K. Silverman, C.F. Weems, Anxiety Sensitivity in Children. G.J.G. Asmundson, Anxiety Sensitivity and Chronic Pain: Empirical Findings, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions. S.H. Stewart, S.B. Samoluk, A.B. MacDonald, Anxiety Sensitivity and Substance Use and Abuse. M.W. Otto, N.A. Reilly-Harrington, The Impact of Treatment on Anxiety Sensitivity. Part V:Conclusions. S. Taylor, B. Rabian, I.C. Fedoroff, Anxiety Sensitivity: Progress, Prospects, and Challenges.
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Robust dimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity: Development and initial validation of the Anxiety Sensitivity index-3
Psychological assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Steven Taylor, Michael J. Zvolensky, Brett J. Deacon, Brian J. Cox, Bonifacio Sandín, Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Richard G. Heimberg, Deborah Roth Ledley, Robert M. Holaway, Sherry H. StewartAbstract:Accumulating evidence suggests that Anxiety Sensitivity (fear of arousal-related sensations) plays an important role in many clinical conditions, particularly Anxiety disorders. Research has increasingly focused on how the basic dimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity are related to various forms of psychopathology. Such work has been hampered because the original measure--the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI)--was not designed to be multidimensional. Subsequently developed multidimensional measures have unstable factor structures or measure only a subset of the most widely replicated factors. Therefore, the authors developed, via factor analysis of responses from U.S. and Canadian nonclinical participants (n=2,361), an 18-item measure, the ASI-3, which assesses the 3 factors best replicated in previous research: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Concerns. Factorial validity of the ASI-3 was supported by confirmatory factor analyses of 6 replication samples, including nonclinical samples from the United States and Canada, France, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Spain (n=4,494) and a clinical sample from the United States and Canada (n=390). The ASI-3 displayed generally good performance on other indices of reliability and validity, along with evidence of improved psychometric properties over the original ASI.
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Taxonicity of Anxiety Sensitivity: A multi-national analysis.
Journal of anxiety disorders, 2006Co-Authors: Amit Bernstein, Michael J. Zvolensky, Brian J. Cox, Steven Taylor, Roman Kotov, Willem A. Arrindell, Bonifacio Sandín, Sherry H. Stewart, Martine Bouvard, Samuel Jurado CárdenasAbstract:Abstract Taxometric coherent cut kinetic analyses were used to test the latent structure of Anxiety Sensitivity in samples from North America (Canada and United States of America), France, Mexico, Spain, and The Netherlands (total n = 2741). Anxiety Sensitivity was indexed by the 36-item Anxiety Sensitivity Index—Revised (ASI-R; [J. Anxiety Disord. 12(5) (1998) 463]). Four manifest indicators of Anxiety Sensitivity were constructed using the ASI-R: fear of cardiovascular symptoms, fear of respiratory symptoms, fear of publicly observable Anxiety reactions, and fear of mental incapacitation. Results from MAXCOV-HITMAX, internal consistency tests, analyses of simulated Monte Carlo data, and a MAMBAC external consistency test indicated that the latent structure of Anxiety Sensitivity was taxonic in each of the samples. The estimated base rate of the Anxiety Sensitivity taxon differed slightly between nations, ranging from 11.5 to 21.5%. In general, the four ASI-R based manifest indicators showed high levels of validity. Results are discussed in relation to the conceptual understanding of Anxiety Sensitivity, with specific emphasis on theoretical refinement of the construct.
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Anxiety Sensitivity in six countries
Behaviour research and therapy, 2003Co-Authors: Michael J. Zvolensky, Brian J. Cox, Steven Taylor, Willem A. Arrindell, Bonifacio Sandín, Sherry H. Stewart, Martine Bouvard, Samuel Jurado Cárdenas, Georg H. EifertAbstract:In the present study, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R; Taylor & Cox, Journal of Anxiety Disorders 12 (1998) 463; Behaviour Research and Therapy 36 (1998) 37) was administered to a large sample of persons (n = 2786) from different cultures represented in six different countries: Canada, France, Mexico, The Netherlands, Spain, and the United States. We sought to (a) determine the factor structure and internal consistency of the ASI-R and (b) examine the correlations of the measure with psychiatric symptoms and personality dimensions in a single European non-English speaking country (The Netherlands). Partially consistent with the original hypothesis, the underlying structure of the Anxiety Sensitivity construct was generally similar across countries, tapping fear about the negative consequences of Anxiety-related physical and social-cognitive sensations. Lower-order factors were moderately to strongly correlated with one another and showed good internal consistency. The observed lower-order ASI-R factors correlated with established psychiatric symptoms and with the personality trait of neuroticism. Partial correlations indicated that both factors are useful in accounting for variance in symptom measures. We discuss the results of this investigation in relation to the cross-cultural assessment of the Anxiety Sensitivity construct. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Atilgan Erozkan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determining the Anxiety Sensitivity Bases of Anxiety: A Study with Undergraduate Students
Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2017Co-Authors: Atilgan ErozkanAbstract:This study aims to examine the relationships between subdimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity and Anxiety. The participants in the study were 841undergraduate students (411 females; 430 males) randomly selected from three different faculties -Faculties of Technical Education, Education, and Sport Sciences- at Mugla Sitki Kocman University. Data collection instruments included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised, (ASI-R), and also Beck Anxiety Inventory, (BAI). The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that there were significant positive associations between subdimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity and Anxiety. The results also indicated that the fear of cognitive dyscontrol subdimension of Anxiety Sensitivity was the most important predictor of the Anxiety for emerging adults. Further research examining the relationships between subdimensions of Anxiety Sensitivity and Anxiety are necessary to strengthen the current study's findings.
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Understanding the Role of Dimensions of Perfectionism on Anxiety Sensitivity.
Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2016Co-Authors: Atilgan ErozkanAbstract:This study investigated the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and Anxiety Sensitivity. The study group is composed by 398 (211 female; 187 male) students who were studying at the pedagogical formation certificate program at Mugla Sitki Kocman University. The data were collected by using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-R. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was employed to study the relationships between Anxiety Sensitivity and dimensions of perfectionism; structural equation modeling was also used for explaining the predictive role of dimensions of perfectionism on Anxiety Sensitivity. Concern over mistakes, personal standards, parental expectations, parental criticism, doubts about actions, and organization dimensions of perfectionism were found to be significantly correlated to Anxiety Sensitivity. A significant impact of six dimensions of perfectionism on Anxiety Sensitivity was detected. The theoretical implications of the link between perfectionism and Anxiety Sensitivity were discussed.
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Examination of Relationship between Anxiety Sensitivity and Parenting Styles in Adolescents.
Kuram Ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 2012Co-Authors: Atilgan ErozkanAbstract:Abstract This research investigated the relationships between Anxiety Sensitivity and perceived parenting styles of adolescents and the predictive role of perceived parenting styles on Anxiety Sensitivity. The study group was composed by 545 (255 females; 290 males) students studying in different high schools in Mugla. The data were collected using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-R, and Parental Attitudes Scale. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis was employed to search for relationships between Anxiety Sensitivity and parenting styles; multiple hierarchical regression analysis was also used for explaining Anxiety Sensitivity. The findings showed that the democratic, protective-demanding, and authoritarian parenting styles were found to be significantly correlated to Anxiety Sensitivity and democratic, protective-demanding, and authoritarian parenting styles important predictors of Anxiety Sensitivity. Key Words Anxiety Sensitivity, Parenting Styles, Adolescents. Human beings change and develop continuously throughout their life. One of the periods that these changes occur is the adolescence period. Many emotional problems, difficulties seen in adolescence are closely linked to the quality of the relationship as an infant with the first caregiver (Bowlby, 1969). In adolescence various biological, cognitive, emotional, and social changes take place, affecting the parent-child relationship (Lerner et al., 1996). Therefore, it seems necessary to clarify which factors influence parenting styles in this particular period of life (Duzgun, 1995). It is widely assumed that the nature and quality of the interactions between parents and adolescents can contribute to young people's well-being (Bandura, 1997). Anxiety disorders have been associated with a variety of maladaptive cognitive styles (Andrews et al., 2003). For example, Anxiety has been associated with increased attention to potentially threatening stimuli and a tendency to interpret neutral stimuli as threatening; lower perceived controllability of situations (Chorpita & Barlow, 1998; Cifter, 1985; Dag, 1999; Erturk, 1994; Gectan, 2003; Ozusta, 1993; Ulutag, 1999) and increased fear and avoidance of Anxiety related symptoms (Kaya, 2001; Reiss, 1991; Reiss & McNally, 1985). These reliable findings have led to some of the most widely accepted theories of Anxiety development and maintenance. Anxiety Sensitivity is fear of internal Anxiety symptoms arising from the belief that the symptoms have harmful physical, psychological, and/or social consequences. Anxiety Sensitivity refers to the extent of beliefs that Anxiety symptoms or arousal can have harmful consequences (Starcevic & Berle, 2006). There is growing evidence for Anxiety Sensitivity as a risk factor for Anxiety disorders. Anxiety Sensitivity is elevated in panic disorder as well as other Anxiety disorders (Gorman, Kent, Sullivan, & Coplan, 2000). It is thought to contribute to the maintenance and severity of Anxiety symptoms (Asmundson, 2001). Anxiety Sensitivity plays an important role in shaping the risk of developing various types of fears and Anxiety disorders (Taylor, 1999). Given the importance of Anxiety Sensitivity for understanding these emotional problems, it is important to gain a better understanding of the nature and etiology of Anxiety Sensitivity (Taylor, 1995). In addition to genetic factors, and specific types of learning experiences, interpersonal factors may also play a role in the development of elevated Anxiety Sensitivity (Taylor, Jang, Stewart, & Stein, 2008; Taylor, Koch, Woody, & McLean, 1996). Assuming parenting styles play a central role in the development of Anxiety disorders, it becomes important to understand how overprotective parenting exacerbates or spurs the development of Anxiety symptoms (Adler, 1963; Baldwin, McIntyre, & Hardaway, 2007; Cagdag & Secer, 2004; Erkan, 2002; Navaro, 1989; Yavuzer, 2005). The theories of Chorpita and Barlow (1998), and Rapee (2001) provide insight into potential explanations for this relationship. …
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Investigating the influence of attachment styles on Anxiety Sensitivity
journal of new results in science, 2011Co-Authors: Atilgan ErozkanAbstract:The purpose of this study was to examine if there are significant relationships between Anxiety Sensitivity and attachment styles and if attachment styles predict Anxiety Sensitivity. Descriptive method was used in this study. The study group is composed by 781 (379 females; 402 males) students studying in different departments of the Faculties of Education and Technical Education, and department of physical education and sports teaching of School of Physical Education and Sports at Mugla University. The data were collected using the Relationship Scales Questionnaire and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-R. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis was employed. Attachment styles were found to be significantly correlated to Anxiety Sensitivity. A significant effect of attachment styles, on Anxiety Sensitivity was detected.
Jafar Bakhshaie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Towards a greater understanding of Anxiety Sensitivity across groups: The construct validity of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3.
Psychiatry research, 2018Co-Authors: Charles Jardin, Lorra Garey, Nubia A. Mayorga, Jafar Bakhshaie, Daniel J. Paulus, Brooke Y. Kauffman, Kara Manning, Michael J. ZvolenskyAbstract:Abstract The present study examined the factor structure, invariance properties, reliability, and validity of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3, Taylor et al., 2007). Participants were recruited from a large, ethnically diverse southwestern university (n = 3651; 77.8% female; Mage = 22.06 years; 28% non-Hispanic White). Findings supported a bifactor structure for the ASI-3, which demonstrated measurement invariance across sex, race/ethnicity, age, and sexual minority status. Furthermore, the ASI-3 demonstrated strong reliability and validity, with the Anxiety Sensitivity general and specific factors (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) evidencing unique patterns of relations with symptoms of depression, suicidality, anxious arousal, and social Anxiety. Clinically, these findings generally support the validity of the ASI-3 in measuring Anxiety Sensitivity across sex, age, race/ethnicity, and sexual minority status. Future work is needed to better understand the role Anxiety Sensitivity plays within specific demographic subgroups, particularly African–Americans, Asian Americans, and sexual minorities.
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Anxiety Sensitivity class membership moderates the effects of pre-quit reduction in Anxiety Sensitivity on quit-day tobacco craving.
Journal of anxiety disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Jafar Bakhshaie, Adam M Leventhal, Michael J. Zvolensky, Jasper A. J. Smits, Kirsten J. Langdon, Nicholas P. Allan, Norman B. SchmidtAbstract:Abstract Background Although Anxiety Sensitivity has been primarily conceptualized as a dimensional latent construct, empirical evidence suggests that it also maintains a latent class structure, reflecting low-, moderate-, and high-risk underlying classes. The present study sought to explore whether these Anxiety Sensitivity classes moderated the relations between the degree of pre-quit reductions in Anxiety Sensitivity and the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving experienced on quit-day. Methods Participants included 195 adult smokers (47% female; Mage = 39.4) participating in a larger “Anxiety Sensitivity reduction-smoking cessation” intervention trial. Results Anxiety Sensitivity class significantly moderated relations between pre-quit reduction in Anxiety Sensitivity and quit-day craving. Specifically, smokers within the Anxiety Sensitivity high-risk class, who also demonstrated lesser pre-quit reductions in Anxiety Sensitivity, experienced the highest levels of craving on quit-day. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of ‘high-risk' classes of Anxiety Sensitivity to better understand the experience of craving on quit day.