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Gregory M Plunkett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. VII. Two new genera, Cephalopanax and Frodinia, to accommodate the remaining species of Neotropical Schefflera
Brittonia, 2021Co-Authors: Gregory M Plunkett, Porter P Lowry, David A. NeillAbstract:Until recently, Schefflera was the largest genus in Araliaceae (with more than 600 described species), but with a growing understanding of its polyphyly, the circumscription of Schefflera had to be limited to just eight closely related species from the Pacific Islands. To restore monophyly, it was necessary to transfer the remaining, unrelated species to other genera. In most cases, these transfers could be accommodated by resurrecting generic names that had previously been placed in synonymy (namely, Astropanax , Crepinella , Didymopanax , Heptapleurum , Neocussonia , Plerandra , and Sciodaphyllum ). For two small Neotropical clades, however, no generic name was available, and for these, we describe two new genera of Araliaceae, Cephalopanax and Frodinia . As defined here, these genera have two accepted species each, for which four new combinations are made ( C. jahnii , C. pachycephalus , F. gleasonii , and F. tremula ). Lectotypes are designated for two accepted names, and one previously accepted species ( Schefflera cuatrecasasiana ) is placed in synonymy. For each accepted species, full synonymy is provided, together with geographic ranges and notes.
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Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. Three new species of Sciodaphyllum P. Browne (Araliaceae) with globose capitate inflorescences from Ecuador and Peru
Brittonia, 2021Co-Authors: Carlos Rodrigues-vaz, Gregory M Plunkett, Porter P. Lowry IiAbstract:In the genus Sciodaphyllum (Araliaceae), some species have paniculate inflorescences with globose capitula as their terminal units, in which numerous tightly packed flowers develop into fruits that are appressed to each other. This informal assemblage, referred to as the “globose-capitate group,” currently includes 20 described species. Three new species with this distinctive morphology are described and illustrated with photographs of plants in the field or scans of herbarium specimens: S. basiorevolutum from northern Ecuador at the border of Carchi and Sucumbíos provinces; S. chachapoyense from the department of Amazonas, Peru, known only from the province of Chachapoyas; and S. rufilanceolatum from the province of Carchi, Ecuador, north of Maldonado along the border with Colombia, and in the Cerro Golondrinas. For each new species, a distribution map and a preliminary risk of extinction assessment (following the IUCN Red List criteria) are provided; S. basiorevolutum is assessed as Vulnerable, whereas S. chachapoyense and S. rufilanceolatum are both considered to be Endangered.
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studies in neotropical Araliaceae vi addendum
Novon, 2020Co-Authors: Porter P Lowry, Gregory M Plunkett, Marcela M MoraAbstract:A new combination, Sciodaphyllum quinquestylorum (Steyerm.) Lowry, G. M. Plunkett & M. M. Mora, is made for a species that was overlooked when Neotropical species previously included in Schefflera J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae) were recently transferred to the resurrected genus Sciodaphyllum P. Browne.
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resurrection of the genus heptapleurum for the asian clade of species previously included in schefflera Araliaceae
Novon, 2020Co-Authors: Porter P Lowry, Gregory M PlunkettAbstract:The polyphyly of the pantropical genus Schefflera J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae) is now well established, and consequently the genus has had to be restricted to its type (S. digitata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) and seven closely related Pacific Island species. Taxonomic transfers of the members of four other, unrelated clades have mostly been completed, including those from Africa and Madagascar, the Neotropics, and Oceania. Here we treat the final and largest group, from Asia, reinstating the genus Heptapleurum Gaertn. for the 317 species that belong to the Asian clade of Schefflera. This synopsis provides 256 new combinations for 246 species and 10 varieties, along with one replacement name, and types are designated for five generic and infrageneric names. With the completion of these transfers, Heptapleurum is now the largest genus in Araliaceae.
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studies in neotropical Araliaceae v sciodaphyllum zarucchii Araliaceae a new species from antioquia colombia honoring james l zarucchi 1952 2019
Novon, 2020Co-Authors: Marcela M Mora, Gregory M Plunkett, Porter P Lowry, Alvaro Idarragapiedrahita, Jaider Jimenezmontoya, Peter H RavenAbstract:Sciodaphyllum zarucchii M. M. Mora, Lowry, Idarraga, Jimenez-Mont. & G. M. Plunkett (Araliaceae) is described as a new species in honor of James L. Zarucchi (1952–2019). It occurs in humid premontane and montane forests on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, where it is known from only two localities, one of which is highly threatened by forest clearing. A risk of extinction assessment using the IUCN Red List criteria reveals that S. zarucchii is Endangered.
Pamela S. Soltis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clarification of the relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae based on matK and rbcL sequence data
American journal of botany, 1997Co-Authors: Gregory M Plunkett, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. SoltisAbstract:Apiaceae and Araliaceae (Apiales) represent a particularly troublesome example of the difficulty in understanding evolutionary relationships between tropical-temperate family pairs. Previous studies based on rbcL sequence data provided insights at higher levels, but were unable to resolve fully the family-pair relationship. In this study, sequence data from a more rapidly evolving gene, matK, was employed to provide greater resolution. In Apiales, matK sequences evolve an average of about two times faster than rbcL sequences. Results of phylogenetic analysis of matK sequences were first compared to those obtained previously from rbcL data; the two data sets were then combined and analyzed together. Molecular analyses confirm the polyphyly of apiaceous subfamily Hydrocotyloideae and suggest that some members of this subfamily are more closely related to Araliaceae than to other Apiaceae. The remainder of Apiaceae forms a monophyletic group with well-defined subclades corresponding to subfamilies Apioideae and Saniculoideae. Both the matK and the combined rbcL-matK analyses suggest that most Araliaceae form a monophyletic group, including all araliads sampled except Delarbrea and Mackinlaya. The unusual combination of morphological characters found in these two genera and the distribution of matK and rbcL indels suggest that these taxa may be the remnants of an ancient group of pro-araliads that gave rise to both Apiaceae and Araliaceae. Molecular data indicate that the evolutionary history of the two families is more complex than simple derivation of Apiaceae from within Araliaceae. Rather, the present study suggests that there are two well-defined "families," both of which may have been derived from a lineage (or lineages) or pro-araliads that may still have extant taxa.
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clarification of the relationship between apiaceae and Araliaceae based on matk and rbcl sequence data
American Journal of Botany, 1997Co-Authors: Gregory M Plunkett, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. SoltisAbstract:Apiaceae and Araliaceae (Apiales) represent a particularly troublesome example of the difficulty in understanding evolutionary relationships between tropical-temperate family pairs. Previous studies based on rbcL sequence data provided insights at higher levels, but were unable to resolve fully the family-pair relationship. In this study, sequence data from a more rapidly evolving gene, matK, was employed to provide greater resolution. In Apiales, matK sequences evolve an average of about two times faster than rbcL sequences. Results of phylogenetic analysis of matK sequences were first compared to those obtained previously from rbcL data; the two data sets were then combined and analyzed together. Molecular analyses confirm the polyphyly of apiaceous subfamily Hydrocotyloideae and suggest that some members of this subfamily are more closely related to Araliaceae than to other Apiaceae. The remainder of Apiaceae forms a monophyletic group with well-defined subclades corresponding to subfamilies Apioideae and Saniculoideae. Both the matK and the combined rbcL-matK analyses suggest that most Araliaceae form a monophyletic group, including all araliads sampled except Delarbrea and Mackinlaya. The unusual combination of morphological characters found in these two genera and the distribution of matK and rbcL indels suggest that these taxa may be the remnants of an ancient group of pro-araliads that gave rise to both Apiaceae and Araliaceae. Molecular data indicate that the evolutionary history of the two families is more complex than simple derivation of Apiaceae from within Araliaceae. Rather, the present study suggests that there are two well-defined ‘‘families,’’ both of which may have been derived from a lineage (or lineages) or pro-araliads that may still have extant taxa. Apiaceae and Araliaceae are a particularly troublesome example of the difficulty in resolving relationships between closely related pairs of plant families. This ‘‘family-pair dilemma’’ also characterizes a number of other dicot groups, including Bombacaceae-Malvaceae, Capparaceae-Brassicaceae, Moraceae-Urticaceae, Bignoniaceae-Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae-Lamiaceae, and Apocynaceae-Asclepiadaceae (see Judd, Sanders, and Donoghue, 1994). In each of these pairs, one family is mostly woody and tropical, whereas its counterpart is largely herbaceous and temperate. With Araliaceae and Apiaceae, the difficulties at the interfamilial level are further compounded by problems at almost every other taxonomic level as well. For example, the placement of these two families among the other orders of dicots has been the subject of widespread disagreement. Virtually all systems unite Apiaceae and Araliaceae into a single order (Apiales or Araliales) that is traditionally placed near Cornaceae in subclass Rosidae (Takhtajan, 1987; Thorne,
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higher level relationships of apiales apiaceae and Araliaceae based on phylogenetic analysis of rbcl sequences
American Journal of Botany, 1996Co-Authors: Gregory M Plunkett, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. SoltisAbstract:The two families of the order Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) represent a classic example of the difficulty in understanding evolutionary relationships between tropical-temperate family pairs. In Apiales, this problem is further compounded by phylogenetic confusion at almost every taxonomic level, including ordinal, interfamilial, and infrafamilial, due largely to difficulties in understanding trends in morphological evolution. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequences were employed to resolve relationships at the ordinal and familial levels. The results of the ordinal analysis confirm the placement of Apiales in an expanded subclass Asteridae as the sister group to Pittosporaceae, and refute the traditional alliance of Apiales with Cornales and Rosidae. This study has also resolved relationships of a number of enigmatic genera, suggesting, for example, that Melanophylla, Aralidium, Griselinia, and Toricellia are close relatives of Apiales. Clarification of phylogenetic relationships has concomitantly provided insights into trends of morphological evolution, and suggests that the ancestral apialean taxon was probably bicarpellate, simple-leaved, woody, and paleotropical. Phylogenetic analysis at the family level suggests that apiaceous subfamily Hydrocotyloideae, often envisioned as an intermediate group between Apiaceae and Araliaceae, is polyphyletic, with some hydrocotyloids closely allied with Araliaceae rather than Apiaceae. With the exception of some hydrocotyloids, Apiaceae appear to be monophyletic. The relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae remains problematic. Although the shortest rbcL trees suggest that Apiaceae are derived from within a paraphyletic Araliaceae, this result is only weakly supported.
Jun Wen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the complete chloroplast genome of aralia atropurpurea Araliaceae the ginseng family from the sino himalayan region china
Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 2019Co-Authors: Jing Liu, Jun WenAbstract:Aralia atropurpurea (Araliaceae) is a perennial medicinal herb endemic to southwest China. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. atropurpurea was reported and phylogenetic analy...
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chloroplast phylogenomic data support eocene amphi pacific early radiation for the asian palmate core Araliaceae
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Virginia Valcárcel, Jun WenAbstract:Traditional phylogenies based on analysis of multiple genes have failed to obtain a well‐resolved evolutionary history for the backbone of the Asian Palmate group of Araliaceae, the largest clade of the family. In this study, we applied the genome skimming approach of next‐generation sequencing to address whether the lack of resolution at the base of the Asian Palmate tree is due to molecular sampling error or the footprint of ancient radiation. Twenty‐nine complete plastid genomes of Araliaceae (17 newly sequenced) were analyzed (RAxML, Beast, Lagrange, and BioGeoBears) to provide the first phylogenomic reconstruction of the group (95% of genera included). As a result, the early divergences of the Asian Palmate group have been clarified but the backbone of its core is not totally resolved, with short internal branches pointing to an ancient radiation scenario. East Asia is inferred as the most likely ancestral area for the Asian Palmate group (from late Paleocene to Eocene) from which early colonization of the Neotropics is inferred during the Eocene. The radiation of the core Palmate group took place during the late Eocene, most likely in the context of the Boreotropical hypothesis. Recurrent episodes of southward migration (to the tropics) coupled with northern latitude local extinctions (promoting geographic isolation of lineages) followed by northward expansion (promoting contact of lineages that erased the trace of preceding geographic isolation) are hypothesized to have linked to the alternation of the cold and warm periods of the Eocene.
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phylogeny and diversification of chinese Araliaceae based on nuclear and plastid dna sequence data
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Jun WenAbstract:Chinese Araliaceae consist of 20 genera and ca. 175 species. To assess the evolutionary relationships of Araliaceae and their biogeographic diversification in China, the phylogeny of Chinese Araliaceae was constructed by sampling 96 accessions representing 20 genera and 50 species of Chinese Araliaceae and 45 closely related taxa using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and six plastid regions (the ndhF gene, the trnL-trnF region, the rps16 intron, the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, the rpl16 intron, and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer). Phylogenetic analyses of the combined plastid and ITS data supported the results of the previously studies that the Chinese members of Araliaceae were scattered within the Asian Palmate group and the Aralia-Panax group with Osmoxylon at the base of core Araliaceae. The generic status of Pentapanax and Tupidanthus is not supported. Our analysis clearly places them in Aralia and Asian Schefflera, respectively. In a broader phylogenetic framework of Araliaceae, based on the fossil-calibrated Bayesian dating, Chinese Araliaceae was inferred to have originated in Asia and underwent a rapid radiation in its evolutionary history. Its diversification is hypothesized to have been driven largely by the orogenies in Asia during the Cenozoic. In China, the distribution pattern of the phylogenetic diversity of Araliaceae corresponds with its taxonomic diversity across the entire region.
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The origin of the early differentiation of ivies (Hedera L.) and the radiation of the Asian Palmate group (Araliaceae).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2013Co-Authors: Virginia Valcárcel, Omar Fiz-palacios, Jun WenAbstract:The Asian Palmate group is one of the four major clades of the family Araliaceae that is formed by 18 genera, including ivies (Hedera L.). The Mediterranean diversity centre and temperate affinity of ivies contrast with the inferred Asian centre of diversity of the primarily tropical and subtropical Asian Palmate group. We herein investigated the sister-group relationships of Hedera to reconstruct the evolutionary context for its origin and early diversification. Seven nuclear and plastid DNA regions were analyzed in 61 Araliaceae samples including all the 18 Asian Palmate genera. Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference were run together with a battery of topology testing analyses constraining the expected Hedera’s sister-group relationships. Additionally, Bayesian polytomy resolvability and divergence time analyses were also conducted. Genome incongruence and hard nuclear and plastid basal polytomies are detected for the Asian Palmate group where the lineage of Hedera is placed. Topology testing analyses do not allow rejecting any of the tentative sisters of Hedera. An early radiation with inter-lineage hybridization and genome doubling is suggested for the Asian Palmate group where all the seven temperate genera, including Hedera, seem to have played an important role. The radiation took placed during the Upper Cretaceous in Asia under a general cooling and the eastern Asian mountain uplift that produced new temperate environments and promoted lineage connections. This allows us to hypothesize that the origin of the Hedera lineage may fit in a temperate niche conservatism scenario where the combination of the radiation with lineage admixtures prevents us from discovering its sister-group.
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complete sequencing of five Araliaceae chloroplast genomes and the phylogenetic implications
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Jun WenAbstract:Background: The ginseng family (Araliaceae) includes a number of economically important plant species. Previously phylogenetic studies circumscribed three major clades within the core ginseng plant family, yet the internal relationships of each major group have been poorly resolved perhaps due to rapid radiation of these lineages. Recent studies have shown that phyogenomics based on chloroplast genomes provides a viable way to resolve complex relationships.
Z Muhammed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diuretic activity of the stem bark extracts of steganotaenia araliacea hochst apiaceae
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Abdulkarim Agunu, E M Abdurahman, G O Andrew, Z MuhammedAbstract:Abstract The diuretic activity of the stem-bark extracts of Steganotaenia araliacea (SbESa) and effects on urine electrolytes in rats was studied. Furthermore, a toxicological effect of the SbESa on several tissues was investigated. Groups of male Wister albino rats (170 ± 0.77 g) were employed. Four doses of 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), of SbESa (water, methanol, ethanol) and furosemide were administered intraperitoneally (IP). The control group received normal saline alone by oral administration. The 24-h urine outputs per day (in ml) were: normal saline (1.57 ± 0.11); water extract (3.18 ± 0.24); methanol extract (3.22 ± 0.29); ethanol extract (3.62 ± 0.27) and furosemide (4.22 ± 0.23). The urine output among the extracts (water, methanol, ethanol) and the furosemide against the control was statistically significant, (P The authors conclude that though there are compelling evidence of diuretic potentials in the use of the stem-bark of Steganotaenia araliacea, the toxic effects on vital organs is a drawback to its recommendation for use as a diuretic agent.
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diuretic activity of the stem bark extracts of steganotaenia araliacea hochst apiaceae
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Abdulkarim Agunu, E M Abdurahman, G O Andrew, Z MuhammedAbstract:Abstract The diuretic activity of the stem-bark extracts of Steganotaenia araliacea (SbESa) and effects on urine electrolytes in rats was studied. Furthermore, a toxicological effect of the SbESa on several tissues was investigated. Groups of male Wister albino rats (170 ± 0.77 g) were employed. Four doses of 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), of SbESa (water, methanol, ethanol) and furosemide were administered intraperitoneally (IP). The control group received normal saline alone by oral administration. The 24-h urine outputs per day (in ml) were: normal saline (1.57 ± 0.11); water extract (3.18 ± 0.24); methanol extract (3.22 ± 0.29); ethanol extract (3.62 ± 0.27) and furosemide (4.22 ± 0.23). The urine output among the extracts (water, methanol, ethanol) and the furosemide against the control was statistically significant, (P The authors conclude that though there are compelling evidence of diuretic potentials in the use of the stem-bark of Steganotaenia araliacea, the toxic effects on vital organs is a drawback to its recommendation for use as a diuretic agent.
Porter P Lowry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. VII. Two new genera, Cephalopanax and Frodinia, to accommodate the remaining species of Neotropical Schefflera
Brittonia, 2021Co-Authors: Gregory M Plunkett, Porter P Lowry, David A. NeillAbstract:Until recently, Schefflera was the largest genus in Araliaceae (with more than 600 described species), but with a growing understanding of its polyphyly, the circumscription of Schefflera had to be limited to just eight closely related species from the Pacific Islands. To restore monophyly, it was necessary to transfer the remaining, unrelated species to other genera. In most cases, these transfers could be accommodated by resurrecting generic names that had previously been placed in synonymy (namely, Astropanax , Crepinella , Didymopanax , Heptapleurum , Neocussonia , Plerandra , and Sciodaphyllum ). For two small Neotropical clades, however, no generic name was available, and for these, we describe two new genera of Araliaceae, Cephalopanax and Frodinia . As defined here, these genera have two accepted species each, for which four new combinations are made ( C. jahnii , C. pachycephalus , F. gleasonii , and F. tremula ). Lectotypes are designated for two accepted names, and one previously accepted species ( Schefflera cuatrecasasiana ) is placed in synonymy. For each accepted species, full synonymy is provided, together with geographic ranges and notes.
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studies in neotropical Araliaceae vi addendum
Novon, 2020Co-Authors: Porter P Lowry, Gregory M Plunkett, Marcela M MoraAbstract:A new combination, Sciodaphyllum quinquestylorum (Steyerm.) Lowry, G. M. Plunkett & M. M. Mora, is made for a species that was overlooked when Neotropical species previously included in Schefflera J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae) were recently transferred to the resurrected genus Sciodaphyllum P. Browne.
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resurrection of the genus heptapleurum for the asian clade of species previously included in schefflera Araliaceae
Novon, 2020Co-Authors: Porter P Lowry, Gregory M PlunkettAbstract:The polyphyly of the pantropical genus Schefflera J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae) is now well established, and consequently the genus has had to be restricted to its type (S. digitata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) and seven closely related Pacific Island species. Taxonomic transfers of the members of four other, unrelated clades have mostly been completed, including those from Africa and Madagascar, the Neotropics, and Oceania. Here we treat the final and largest group, from Asia, reinstating the genus Heptapleurum Gaertn. for the 317 species that belong to the Asian clade of Schefflera. This synopsis provides 256 new combinations for 246 species and 10 varieties, along with one replacement name, and types are designated for five generic and infrageneric names. With the completion of these transfers, Heptapleurum is now the largest genus in Araliaceae.
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studies in neotropical Araliaceae v sciodaphyllum zarucchii Araliaceae a new species from antioquia colombia honoring james l zarucchi 1952 2019
Novon, 2020Co-Authors: Marcela M Mora, Gregory M Plunkett, Porter P Lowry, Alvaro Idarragapiedrahita, Jaider Jimenezmontoya, Peter H RavenAbstract:Sciodaphyllum zarucchii M. M. Mora, Lowry, Idarraga, Jimenez-Mont. & G. M. Plunkett (Araliaceae) is described as a new species in honor of James L. Zarucchi (1952–2019). It occurs in humid premontane and montane forests on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, where it is known from only two localities, one of which is highly threatened by forest clearing. A risk of extinction assessment using the IUCN Red List criteria reveals that S. zarucchii is Endangered.
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studies in neotropical Araliaceae iv three new species of sciodaphyllum from the eastern andes of central peru
Novon, 2020Co-Authors: Marcela M Mora, Porter P Lowry, Gregory M PlunkettAbstract:Sciodaphyllum P. Browne (Araliaceae) has recently been resurrected to accommodate the majority of Neotropical species previously included in Schefflera J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. Recent field and herbarium studies have revealed many distinctive new species of Sciodaphyllum, including three from the eastern slopes of the Andes in central Peru, which are described and illustrated here: S. geniculatum M. M. Mora, Lowry & G. M. Plunkett, S. oxapampense G. M. Plunkett, Lowry & M. M. Mora, and S. rodolfoi Lowry, G. M. Plunkett & M. M. Mora. The conservation status of S. geniculatum is assessed as Vulnerable (VU) using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, whereas both S. oxapampense and S. rodolfoi are assessed as Near Threatened (NT).