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Babette S Zemel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reference ranges for midupper Arm circumference upper Arm Muscle area and upper Arm fat area in us children and adolescents aged 1 20 y
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Yaw O Addo, John H Himes, Babette S ZemelAbstract:BACKGROUND Midupper Arm circumference (MUAC) has long been used in anthropometric assessments of nutritional status in field settings, especially in emergency situations, but percentile ranges for healthy, well-nourished children are currently unavailable. OBJECTIVE We developed reference curves for MUAC and derived measures of Arm Muscle area (AMA) and Arm fat area (AFA) on the basis of the population used in the current CDC body mass index growth charts. DESIGN We analyzed cross-sectional MUAC and triceps (triceps skinfold thickness) data from 32,952 US children aged 1-20 y. Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape were used to calculate semiparametric smoothed percentiles and L, M, and S coefficients needed for z-score estimation by age and sex. Equations were developed with the use of the height-for-age z score (HAZ) to adjust for the associations of stature with upper Arm measures. RESULTS MUAC increased with age steadily throughout the growing period. For children <5 y old, lower percentile ranges varied markedly across age and sex such that the single cutoff (<11.5 or 12.5 cm) for field screening of acute malnutrition did not track along the same percentile. AFA and AMA growth patterns exhibited sex-specific trends including multiple distinct age-related inflections that were more pronounced in males for AFA-for-age than in females. HAZ and age were substantially and independently related with all Arm measures. CONCLUSIONS The new reference percentile ranges for midupper Arm measures for healthy children provide a useful nutritional assessment tool in a wide variety of settings. Height status (HAZ) has complex independent associations with Arm measures irrespective of the distributional ranking by age and sex. Prediction equations that account for these effects further extend the practical use of the new curves.
Ernil Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Time-Dependent Negative Effects of Verbal and Non-verbal Suggestions in Surgical Patients-A Study on Arm Muscle Strength.
Frontiers in psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Nina Zech, Matthias Schrödinger, Milena Seemann, Florian Zeman, Timo Seyfried, Ernil HansenAbstract:Introduction The medical environment is full of suggestions that affect patients and their healing. Most of them inadvertently are negative, thus evoking nocebo effects. Recently, we have reported on the effect of such verbal and non-verbal suggestions as well as alternative formulations on maximal muscular Arm strength in healthy volunteers. In the present study, we tested the same suggestions in patients at two time points to evaluate nocebo effects in a clinical situation and the impact of the approaching surgery date. Methods In 45 patients, maximal muscular strength during Arm abduction was measured by dynamometry of the deltoid Muscle group. One test was several days before and the second on the evening before surgery. Baseline values were compared to the performance after exposure to 18 verbal and non-verbal suggestions. The sequence of presumably negative and positive suggestions was randomized for each patient in order to avoid cumulation effects of immediate succession of two negatives. State anxiety was evaluated at both time points, and suggestibility was measured after surgery. Results Strong and statistically significant weakening effects were observed with all presumed negative suggestions from daily clinical practice including words of encouragement (91.4% of baseline), evaluation of symptoms (89.0%), announcement of a medical intervention (82.8%), a negative memory (86.5%), expectation of an uncertain future (82.8%), and non-verbal signals (87.7-92.2%). In contrast, alternative formulations did not interfere with muscular performance in most cases. A more pronounced effect was observed in the test repeated closer to the date of surgery, accompanied by a 15% higher anxiety level. The increase in anxiety correlated slightly with stronger weakening effects of suggestions, as did suggestibility. Conclusions Negative suggestions cause a decrease in Arm Muscle strength, i.e., a "weakening" of the patient. This effect is enhanced by an increase in anxiety as the time of treatment, like surgery, approaches. The reaction can be avoided by alternative formulations. These nocebo effects that are objectively measured and quantified by a decrease in Arm Muscle strength are more pronounced in patients, i.e., in a clinical situation, than in healthy volunteers.
Nimrod O. Bwibo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Meat supplementation increases Arm Muscle area in Kenyan schoolchildren.
The British journal of nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Charlotte G. Neumann, Luohua Jiang, Robert E. Weiss, Monika Grillenberger, Constance A Gewa, Jonathan H. Siekmann, Suzanne P. Murphy, Nimrod O. BwiboAbstract:The present study examines the effect of animal-source-food (ASF) intake on Arm Muscle area growth as part of a larger study examining causal links between ASF intake, growth rate, physical activity, cognitive function and micronutrient status in Kenyan schoolchildren. This randomised, controlled feeding intervention study was designed with three isoenergetic feeding interventions of meat, milk, and plain traditional vegetable stew (githeri), and a control group receiving no snack. A total of twelve elementary schools were randomly assigned to interventions, with three schools per group, and two cohorts of 518 and 392 schoolchildren were enrolled 1 year apart. Children in each cohort were given feedings at school and studied for three school terms per year over 2 years, a total of 9 months per year: cohort I from 1998 to 2000 and cohort II from 1999 to 2001. Food intake was assessed by 24 h recall every 1-2 months and biochemical analysis for micronutrient status conducted annually (in cohort I only). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, triceps skinfold (TSF) and mid-upper-Arm circumference (MUAC). Mid-upper-Arm Muscle area (MAMA) and mid-upper-Arm fat area (MAFA) were calculated. The two cohorts were combined for analyses. The meat group showed the steepest rates of gain in MUAC and MAMA over time, and the milk group showed the next largest significant MUAC and MAMA gain compared with the plain githeri and control groups (P< 0.05). The meat group showed the least increase in TSF and MAFA of all groups. These findings have implications for increasing micronutrient intake and lean body mass in primary schoolchildren consuming vegetarian diets.
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food supplements have a positive impact on weight gain and the addition of animal source foods increases lean body mass of kenyan schoolchildren
Journal of Nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Monika Grillenberger, Charlotte G. Neumann, Suzanne P. Murphy, Nimrod O. Bwibo, Pieter Van T Veer, J G A J Hautvast, C E WestAbstract:Observational studies of dietary patterns and growth and studies with milk supplementation have shown that children consuming diets containing animal source foods grow better. This study evaluates the growth of 544 Kenyan schoolchildren (median age 7.1 y) after 23 mo of food supplementation with a meat, milk or energy supplement (similar to1255 W) compared to a control group without a supplement. Multivariate analyses controlled for covariates compared gain in weight, height, weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), mid-upper-Arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, mid-upper-Arm Muscle and mid-upper-Arm fat area. Children in each of the supplementation groups gained similar to0.4 kg (10%) more weight than children in the Control group. Children in the Meat, Milk and Energy groups gained 0.33, 0.19 and 0.27 cm more, respectively, in mid-upper-Arm circumference than children in the Control group. Children who received the Meat supplement gained 30-80% more mid-upper-Arm Muscle area than children in the other groups, and children who received the milk supplement gained 40% more mid-upper-Arm Muscle area than children who did not receive a supplement. No statistically significant overall effects of supplementation were found on height, HAZ, WHZ or measures of body fat. A positive effect of the milk supplement on height gain could be seen in the subgroup of children with a lower baseline HAZ (less than or equal to -1.4). The results indicate that food supplements had a positive impact on weight gain in the study children and that the addition of meat increased their lean body mass.
Yaw O Addo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reference ranges for midupper Arm circumference upper Arm Muscle area and upper Arm fat area in us children and adolescents aged 1 20 y
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Yaw O Addo, John H Himes, Babette S ZemelAbstract:BACKGROUND Midupper Arm circumference (MUAC) has long been used in anthropometric assessments of nutritional status in field settings, especially in emergency situations, but percentile ranges for healthy, well-nourished children are currently unavailable. OBJECTIVE We developed reference curves for MUAC and derived measures of Arm Muscle area (AMA) and Arm fat area (AFA) on the basis of the population used in the current CDC body mass index growth charts. DESIGN We analyzed cross-sectional MUAC and triceps (triceps skinfold thickness) data from 32,952 US children aged 1-20 y. Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape were used to calculate semiparametric smoothed percentiles and L, M, and S coefficients needed for z-score estimation by age and sex. Equations were developed with the use of the height-for-age z score (HAZ) to adjust for the associations of stature with upper Arm measures. RESULTS MUAC increased with age steadily throughout the growing period. For children <5 y old, lower percentile ranges varied markedly across age and sex such that the single cutoff (<11.5 or 12.5 cm) for field screening of acute malnutrition did not track along the same percentile. AFA and AMA growth patterns exhibited sex-specific trends including multiple distinct age-related inflections that were more pronounced in males for AFA-for-age than in females. HAZ and age were substantially and independently related with all Arm measures. CONCLUSIONS The new reference percentile ranges for midupper Arm measures for healthy children provide a useful nutritional assessment tool in a wide variety of settings. Height status (HAZ) has complex independent associations with Arm measures irrespective of the distributional ranking by age and sex. Prediction equations that account for these effects further extend the practical use of the new curves.
Is. Beis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Degradation of myofibrillar proteins by a calpain-like proteinase in the Arm Muscle of Octopus vulgaris.
Journal of Comparative Physiology B-biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology, 2000Co-Authors: D. Hatzizisis, Catherine Gaitanaki, Is. BeisAbstract:The effects of a calpain-like proteinase (CaDP) isolated from the Arm Muscle of Octopus vulgaris on the myofibrils and myofibrillar proteins isolated from the same tissue were examined. Our studies clearly showed that treatment of intact myofibrils with CaDP in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+ results in the degradation of the major myofibrillar proteins myosin, paramyosin, and actin. From the isolated α- and β-paramyosins only β-paramyosin is degraded by CaDP in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+ producing three groups of polypeptides of 80, 75, and 60 kDa, respectively. The degradation rate depends on the proteinase to substrate ratio, temperature, and time of proteolysis and is inhibited by the endogenous CaDP inhibitory factor (CIF), as well as by various known cysteine proteinase inhibitors (E-64, leupeptin, and antipain). From the other myofibrillar proteins examined myosin, but not actin, is degraded by CaDP; myosin heavy chain (MHC, 200 kDa) is degraded by CaDP producing four groups of polypeptides of lower molecular masses (155, 125, 115, and 102 kDa, respectively); the degradation rate depends on the incubation time and the proteinase to substrate ratio. Furthermore, CaDP undergoes limited autolysis in the presence of both the exogenous casein and the endogenous β-paramyosin producing two large active fragments of 52 and 50.6 kDa, respectively; CIF reversibly inhibits this CaDP autolysis.
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Purification and properties of a calpain II-like proteinase from Octopus vulgaris Arm Muscle
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1996Co-Authors: D. Hatzizisis, Catherine Gaitanaki, Is. BeisAbstract:Abstract A Ca 2+ -dependent proteinase was purified to homogeneity from the Arm Muscle of the marine invertebrate Octopus vulgaris . The enzyme has a native molecular weight of ∼ 520 kDa and consists of a 65-kDa protein when separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Ca 2+ requirements for its half maximal and maximal activities are 1.5 and 7 mM, respectively. It is strongly inhibited by thiol protease inhibitors such as leupeptin, E-64 and antipain and by alkylating thiol group agents such as iodoacetic acid and iodoacetamide. The enzyme is stable in the absence of Ca 2+ at 42°C, displays maximal activity at 30°C and shows broad pH optimum between 6.5 and 7.5. In the absence of Ca 2+ only Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ activate its caseinolytic activity, whereas other divalent cations such as Mg 2+ Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ ,Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ have no effect on its activity. The enzyme undergoes a Ca 2+ -dependent autolysis in the absence of substrate, producing two main fragments of 50.6 and 31.5 kDa molecular weight, respectively. Prolonged autolysis results in the complete inactivation of the enzyme.