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Walter Goessler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arsenocholine o sulfate a novel compound as major arsenic species in the parasitic mushroom tolypocladium ophioglossoides
Chemosphere, 2020Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Ronald A Glabonjat, Lorenz Steiner, Walter GoesslerAbstract:ABSTRACT The As concentrations, along with 34 other elements, and the As speciation were investigated in wild-grown samples of the parasitic mushroom Tolypocladium ophioglossoides with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICPMS. The As concentrations were 0.13 – 3.44 mg kg-1 dry mass. More remarkable was the As speciation, where up to 56 % of the extracted As were found to be an unknown As species, which was marginally retained under anion- and also cation-exchange conditions. After testing several different chromatographic settings, the compound was finally isolated and identified as 2-(sulfoxyethyl) trimethylarsonium ion (in short: Arsenocholine-O-sulfate) with high resolution mass spectrometry. The compound was synthesized and further quantified in all investigated samples via ion-pair chromatography coupled to ICPMS. In addition to the high abundance of Arsenocholine-O-sulfate in T. ophioglossoides, small amounts of this As species were also detected in one sample of the host mushroom, Elaphomyces asperulus. In a sample of another parasitic mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Arsenocholine-O-sulfate could not be detected, but the main species was another unknown compound that was oxidized to inorganic As(V) with hydrogen peroxide. This is the first discovery of Arsenocholine-O-sulfate in nature. It is possible that it is present in many other organisms, at least in low concentrations, and just has not been detected there yet because of its unusual chromatographic behavior. The existence of Arsenocholine-O-sulfate brings up questions again about the biotransformation pathways of As in the environment and the specific behavior of fungi.
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homoArsenocholine a novel arsenic compound detected for the first time in nature
Talanta, 2018Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Toma N Glasnov, Gema Guedes De La Cruz, Kenneth B Jensen, Walter GoesslerAbstract:Abstract The arsenic speciation was determined in macrofungi of the Ramaria genus with HPLC coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Besides arsenic species that are already known for macrofungi, like arsenobetaine or Arsenocholine, two compounds that were only known from marine samples so far (trimethylarsoniopropanate and dimethylarsinoylacetate) were found for the first time in a terrestrial sample. An unknown arsenical was isolated and identified as homoArsenocholine. This could be a key intermediate for further elucidation of the biotransformation mechanisms of arsenic.
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HomoArsenocholine – A novel arsenic compound detected for the first time in nature
Talanta, 2018Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Toma N Glasnov, Gema Guedes De La Cruz, Kenneth B Jensen, Walter GoesslerAbstract:Abstract The arsenic speciation was determined in macrofungi of the Ramaria genus with HPLC coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Besides arsenic species that are already known for macrofungi, like arsenobetaine or Arsenocholine, two compounds that were only known from marine samples so far (trimethylarsoniopropanate and dimethylarsinoylacetate) were found for the first time in a terrestrial sample. An unknown arsenical was isolated and identified as homoArsenocholine. This could be a key intermediate for further elucidation of the biotransformation mechanisms of arsenic.
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the marine polychaete arenicola marina its unusual arsenic compound pattern and its uptake of arsenate from seawater
Marine Environmental Research, 2002Co-Authors: Anita Geiszinger, Walter Goessler, Kevin A. FrancesconiAbstract:Abstract Arsenic compounds in the marine polychaete Arenicola marina collected from Odense Fjord, Denmark were determined by HPLC–ICPMS. In contrast to most other marine animals, A. marina contained most of its water soluble arsenic as inorganic forms, arsenite (58%) and arsenate (16%), and arsenobetaine was present as a minor constituent (6%) only. Other arsenic compounds detected in A. marina were dimethylarsinate (4%), two arsenosugars (1 and 3%), tetramethylarsonium ion (1.5%), and Arsenocholine (
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Occurrence of organo-arsenicals in jellyfishes and their mucus
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Walter Goessler, Toshikazu Kaise, Doris Kuehnelt, Claudia Schlagenhaufen, Shunshiro Ueno, Hirokazu Ohno, Namiko Wada, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:Water-soluble arsenic compound fractions were extracted from seven species of jellyfishes and subjected to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for arsenicals. A low content of arsenic was found to be the characteristic of jellyfish. Arsenobetaine (AB) was the major arsenic compound without exception in the tissues of the jellyfish species and mucus-blobs collected from some of them. Although the arsenic content in Beroe cucumis, which preys on Bolinopsis mikado, was more than 13 times that in B. mikado, the chromatograms of these two species were similar in the distribution pattern of arsenicals. The nine species of jellyfishes including two species treated in the previous paper can be classified into Arsenocholine (AC)-rich and AC-poor species. Jellyfishes belonging to Semaostamae were classified as AC-rich species.
Kevin A. Francesconi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the marine polychaete arenicola marina its unusual arsenic compound pattern and its uptake of arsenate from seawater
Marine Environmental Research, 2002Co-Authors: Anita Geiszinger, Walter Goessler, Kevin A. FrancesconiAbstract:Abstract Arsenic compounds in the marine polychaete Arenicola marina collected from Odense Fjord, Denmark were determined by HPLC–ICPMS. In contrast to most other marine animals, A. marina contained most of its water soluble arsenic as inorganic forms, arsenite (58%) and arsenate (16%), and arsenobetaine was present as a minor constituent (6%) only. Other arsenic compounds detected in A. marina were dimethylarsinate (4%), two arsenosugars (1 and 3%), tetramethylarsonium ion (1.5%), and Arsenocholine (
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Dimethylarsinoylacetate from microbial demethylation of arsenobetaine in seawater
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Somkiat Khokiattiwong, Walter Goessler, Søren N. Pedersen, Raymond Pickett Cox, Kevin A. FrancesconiAbstract:The fate of 11 arsenic compounds in microbially enriched seawater was monitored for up to 10 days by HPLC–ICPMS. Most of the arsenicals underwent little or no change in this medium, whereas two of the compounds, arsenobetaine and Arsenocholine, were completely degraded. Arsenobetaine (Me3As+CH2COO−), the predominant form of arsenic in marine animals, was transformed within hours, initially to dimethylarsinoylacetate (Me2As(O)CH2COO−) and then to dimethylarsinate (Me2As(O)O−). Arsenocholine behaved similarly but degraded at a slower rate. The identity of the new metabolite, dimethylarsinoylacetate, was confirmed by LC electrospray MS. A repeat experiment with arsenobetaine and dimethylarsinoylacetate, and employing LC electrospray MS to monitor the metabolites, produced results qualitatively identical with those from the first experiment. The rapidity of the degradation processes offers an explanation for the apparent absence of arsenobetaine in natural waters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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A novel arsenic containing riboside (arsenosugar) in three species of gastropod
Science of The Total Environment, 1998Co-Authors: Kevin A. Francesconi, Walter Goessler, Suwanna Panutrakul, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:Abstract Arsenic compounds in three marine gastropods ( Thais bitubercularis, Thais distinguenda, Morula musiva ) from Phuket, Thailand were examined by HPLC using ICP-MS as an arsenic specific detector. Aqueous methanol treatment of the freeze-dried samples (initially 112–339 μg As g −1 dry mass) extracted >96% of the total arsenic. HPLC-ICP-MS of the extracts demonstrated the presence of arsenobetaine (93–95% of total extractable arsenic), Arsenocholine (3.1–4.6%), tetramethylarsonium ion (0.21–2.2%), two unknown arsenic compounds (each approx. 0.1%), and an unresolved mixture of arsenic compounds (∼1%). One of the unknowns was identified as a new natural product, the arsenosugar 2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl 5-deoxy-5-trimethylarsonioriboside, by co-chromatography with synthetic material. The presence of these arsenic compounds in the gastropods is consistent with the hypothesis that trimethylated arsenosugars are transformed into arsenobetaine via Arsenocholine within animals.
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Metabolism of arsenic compounds by the blue mussel mytilus edulis after accumulation from seawater spiked with arsenic compounds
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 1995Co-Authors: Jürgen Gailer, K. J. Lrgolic, Kevin A. Francesconi, John S. EdmondsxsAbstract:Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were exposed to 100 μg As dm -3 in the form of arsenite, arsenate, methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenobetaine, Arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide, tetramethylarsonium iodide or dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)arsine oxide in seawater for 10 days. The seawater was renewed and spiked with the arsenic compounds daily. Analyses of water samples taken 24 h after spiking showed that arsenobetaine and Arsenocholine had been converted to trimethylarsine oxide, whereas trimethylarsine oxide and tetramethylarsonium iodide were unchanged. Arsenobetaine was accumulated by mussels most efficiently, followed in efficiency by Arsenocholine and tetramethylarsonium iodide. None of the other arsenic compounds was significantly accumulated by the mussels. Extraction of mussel tissues with methanol revealed that control mussels contained arsenobetaine, a dimethyl-(5-ribosyl)arsine oxide and an additional arsenic compound, possibly dimethylarsinic acid. Mussels exposed to arsenobetaine contained almost all their experimentally accumulated arsenic as arsenobetaine, and mussels exposed to tetramethylarsonium iodide contained it as the tetramethylarsonium compound. Mussels exposed to Arsenocholine had arsenobetaine as the major arsenic compound and glycerylphosphorylArsenocholine as a minor arsenic compound in their tissues. The results show that arsenobetaine and Arsenocholine are efficiently accumulated from seawater by blue mussels and that in both cases the accumulated arsenic is present in the tissues as arsenobetaine. Consequently arsenobetaine and/ or Arsenocholine present at very low concentrations in seawater may be responsible for the presence of arsenobetaine in M. edulis and probably also among other marine animals. The quantity of arsenobetaine accumulated by the mussels decreases with increasing concentrations of betaine. HPLC-ICP-MS was found to be very powerful for the investigation of the metabolism of arsenic compounds in biological systems.
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Arsenic compounds in tissues of the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1994Co-Authors: J S Edmonds, R.i.t. Prince, Kevin A. Francesconi, Yasuyuki Shibata, Masatoshi MoritaAbstract:Examination of extracts of tissues of a leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (L.) (Reptilia: Dermochelyidae) by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has demonstrated the presence of arsenobetaine, Arsenocholine and inorganic arsenate in heart muscle and liver, and arsenobetaine and inorganic arsenate in pectoral muscle. Although arsenobetaine was the major form in all tissues, inorganic arsenate and Arsenocholine accounted for 50% and 15% respectively of arsenic in aqueous extracts of the liver.
Toshikazu Kaise - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Occurrence of organo-arsenicals in jellyfishes and their mucus
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Walter Goessler, Toshikazu Kaise, Doris Kuehnelt, Claudia Schlagenhaufen, Shunshiro Ueno, Hirokazu Ohno, Namiko Wada, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:Water-soluble arsenic compound fractions were extracted from seven species of jellyfishes and subjected to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for arsenicals. A low content of arsenic was found to be the characteristic of jellyfish. Arsenobetaine (AB) was the major arsenic compound without exception in the tissues of the jellyfish species and mucus-blobs collected from some of them. Although the arsenic content in Beroe cucumis, which preys on Bolinopsis mikado, was more than 13 times that in B. mikado, the chromatograms of these two species were similar in the distribution pattern of arsenicals. The nine species of jellyfishes including two species treated in the previous paper can be classified into Arsenocholine (AC)-rich and AC-poor species. Jellyfishes belonging to Semaostamae were classified as AC-rich species.
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Water‐soluble arsenic residues from several arsenolipids occurring in the tissues of the starspotted shark Musterus manazo
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Yuichi Tanaka, Yukari Nagata, Kenta Yoshida, Toshikazu KaiseAbstract:Alkali-labile and alkali-stable arsenolipid fractions were prepared from 12 tissues of the starspotted shark Musterus manazo and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled mass spectrometry. At least six arsenolipids were found in the shark. Two major alkali-labile arsenolipids (a dimethylated arsenic-containing lipid and an Arsenocholine-containing lipid) were shown in ordinary muscle, dark muscle, heart, bone, skin and stomach, whereas a single major arsenolipid, the dimethylated arsenic-containing lipid, was shown in the intestine, liver, kidney, spleen and brain. Besides these lipids, four other minor alkali-labile arsenolipids were present. On the other hand, as for the alkali-stable arsenolipids, a dimethylated arsenic-containing lipid and an Arsenocholine-containing lipid were also found in dark muscle, skin, stomach and intestine, whereas only dimethylated arsenic-containing lipid was found in the liver.
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Arsenocholine- and dimethylated arsenic- containing lipids in starspotted shark Mustelus manazo
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 1999Co-Authors: Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Walter Goessler, Toshikazu Kaise, Kenta Yoshida, Yuka Fujitaka, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:We have investigated lipid-soluble arsenic compounds present in the tissues of a demersal shark, the starspotted shark Mustelus manazo. Arsenic compounds were extracted with chloroform–methanol from several tissues taken from each of five individuals, subjected to mild alkaline hydrolysis and fractionated into alkali-labile and alkali-stable fractions. Ordinary muscle, kidney and brain contained alkali-labile arsenic compounds; liver, stomach, heart and gall bladder contained alkali-stable compounds; and intestine, skin, dark muscle, spleen and bone contained both types of arsenic compounds. After further hydrolysis, the hydrolysates from ordinary muscle and liver were chromatographed with HPLC–ICP–MS. Arsenocholine was detected in the hydrolysates from the muscle, suggesting that arsenolecithins were present in the tissues. However, dimethyl-arsinic acid was detected in the hydrolysates from the liver, suggesting the presence of di-methylated arsenolipid in it. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Occurrence of a few organo‐arsenicals in jellyfish
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 1999Co-Authors: Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Walter Goessler, Toshikazu Kaise, Doris Kuehnelt, Claudia Schlagenhaufen, Hirokazu Ohno, Yukiko Nakatani, Shunshirow Ueno, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:Water-soluble fractions containing arsenic compounds were extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1) from two kinds of jellyfish, Aurelia aurita and Carybdea rastonii. After defatting, each water-soluble fraction was subjected to analysis by HPLC-GFAA (column: ODS 120-T) and HPLC-ICP MS (column: Supelcosil LC-SCX) for arsenicals. Arsenobetaine was detected with both analytical systems as the major arsenic compound. Besides arsenobetaine, the tetramethylarsonium ion and Arsenocholine were also detected by HPLC-ICP MS. The major arsenical in each jellyfish purified by ionexchange chromatography using Dowex 50W x 8 (H + form) and Dowex 50W x 8 (pyridinium form) was confirmed to be arsenobetaine by thin-layer chromatography.
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Cytotoxicological aspects of organic arsenic compounds contained in marine products using the mammalian cell culture technique
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Toshikazu Kaise, Teruaki Sakurai, Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Y Oya-ohta, T Ochi, Tohru Saitoh, Chiyo MatsubaraAbstract:Arsenobetaine, Arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide and tetramethylarsonium iodide, which are contained in marine fishery products, were examined for their potencies on cell growth inhibition, chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Arsenobetaine, the major water-soluble organic arsenic compound in marine animals, exhibited very low cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells. This compound showed no cell growth inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg cm -3 and the cytotoxicity was lower than 1/14 000th of that of sodium arsenite and 1/1600th of that of sodium arsenate towards BALB/c 3T3 cells. The chromosomal aberrations caused by arsenobetaine at a concentration of 10 mg cm -3 consisted mainly of chromatid gaps and chromatid breaks, but in this concentration chromosomal breakage owing to its osmotic pressure is likely to be considerable. No SCE was observed at a concentration of 1 mg cm -3 . Arsenocholine and trimethylarsine oxide also showed no cell growth inhibited at a concentration of 10 mg cm -3 . However, tetramethylarsonium iodide inhibition the growth of BALBIc 3T3 at a concentration of 8 mg cm -3 . These compounds exhibited a low ability to induce chromosomal aberrations at a concentration range of 2-10 mg cm -3 and no SCE was observed at a concentration of 1.0 mg cm -3 . These results suggested that the major and minor organic arsenic compounds contained in marine fishery products are much less cytotoxic inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid.
Kitao Fujiwara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of in vivo acute immunotoxicity of Arsenocholine a trimethyl arsenic compound in seafood
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Chikara Kojima, Takami Ohta, Masayuki Ochiai, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:In this study, we observed the first in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)arsonium cation, namely Arsenocholine (AsCho), which is present in marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries. It has been reported that AsCho has significant acute in vivo toxicity. A high dose of the synthetic pure AsCho was administered to CDF 1 mice intraperitoneally (0.1 g kg -1 mouse weight) or orally (a total of 10.0 g kg -1 mouse weight); its effect on the immune organs and immune effector cells was assessed. Administered AsCho, especially via the oral route, showed weak and partial, but significant, in vivo immunotoxicity in mice, although it did not cause any severe acute inflammatory responses.
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study of in vitro cytotoxicity of Arsenocholine a trimethyl arsenic compound in seafood
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Chikara Kojima, Hidetoshi Kumata, Masayuki Ochiai, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:We examined the in vitro cytotoxic effects of an organic arsenic compound contained in seafood, viz. the trimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)-arsonium cation, or Arsenocholine (AsCho), on some murine immune effector cells, such as splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow (BM) cells using synthesized pure material. We found that AsCho had no cytotoxicity on most immune effector cells, even at concentrations over 10 mmol dm -3 , and it slightly but significantly enhanced the viability of BM cells at doses over 100 μmol dm -3 . This biological effect of AsCho on BM cells might be direct rather than due to autocrine mechanisms mediating some factors secreted by AsCho-stimulated BM cells, because the culture supernatants of BM cells pre-stimulated with AsCho did not influence the viability of other fresh BM cells. It is interesting that this unique biological effect was found in AsCho, an organic arsenic compound contained in some marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries.
Kurt J. Irgolic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arsenobetaine and Arsenocholine: Two marine arsenic compounds without embryotoxity
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: T. Rick Irvin, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:The embryotoxicity of carboxymethyl(trimethyl)arsonium bromide [arsenobetaine,(CH3)3As+CH2COO−] and of 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)arsonium bromide [arsenobetaine, (CH3)3As+CH2CH2OHBr] was explored. Sprague-Dawley rat embryos with intact yolk sacs were removed on day 11 of gestation and grown in a culture medium for 24 h in the presence and absence of rat liver (S-9) homogenate. Solutions of arsenobetaine or Arsenocholine in dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO, (CH3)2SO] (0.03 cm3) were added to the media to achieve concentrations of 20 mg arsenic compound per cm3 of medium. After 24 h the circulation and heart beat were monitored (indicator of embryolethality); in addition the crown-to-rump lengths were measured and the neural structures (somites) and limb buds observed (indicator of embryotoxicity). No evidence for embryotoxicity or embryolethality was found in the absence or the presence of S-9. These results indicate that arsenobetaine, the most common arsenic compound found in seafood at concentrations from several micrograms to several hundred micrograms arsenic per gram, lacks subacute and acute prenatal toxicity.
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Occurrence of organo-arsenicals in jellyfishes and their mucus
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Walter Goessler, Toshikazu Kaise, Doris Kuehnelt, Claudia Schlagenhaufen, Shunshiro Ueno, Hirokazu Ohno, Namiko Wada, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:Water-soluble arsenic compound fractions were extracted from seven species of jellyfishes and subjected to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for arsenicals. A low content of arsenic was found to be the characteristic of jellyfish. Arsenobetaine (AB) was the major arsenic compound without exception in the tissues of the jellyfish species and mucus-blobs collected from some of them. Although the arsenic content in Beroe cucumis, which preys on Bolinopsis mikado, was more than 13 times that in B. mikado, the chromatograms of these two species were similar in the distribution pattern of arsenicals. The nine species of jellyfishes including two species treated in the previous paper can be classified into Arsenocholine (AC)-rich and AC-poor species. Jellyfishes belonging to Semaostamae were classified as AC-rich species.
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Arsenocholine- and dimethylated arsenic- containing lipids in starspotted shark Mustelus manazo
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 1999Co-Authors: Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Walter Goessler, Toshikazu Kaise, Kenta Yoshida, Yuka Fujitaka, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:We have investigated lipid-soluble arsenic compounds present in the tissues of a demersal shark, the starspotted shark Mustelus manazo. Arsenic compounds were extracted with chloroform–methanol from several tissues taken from each of five individuals, subjected to mild alkaline hydrolysis and fractionated into alkali-labile and alkali-stable fractions. Ordinary muscle, kidney and brain contained alkali-labile arsenic compounds; liver, stomach, heart and gall bladder contained alkali-stable compounds; and intestine, skin, dark muscle, spleen and bone contained both types of arsenic compounds. After further hydrolysis, the hydrolysates from ordinary muscle and liver were chromatographed with HPLC–ICP–MS. Arsenocholine was detected in the hydrolysates from the muscle, suggesting that arsenolecithins were present in the tissues. However, dimethyl-arsinic acid was detected in the hydrolysates from the liver, suggesting the presence of di-methylated arsenolipid in it. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Occurrence of a few organo‐arsenicals in jellyfish
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 1999Co-Authors: Ken'ichi Hanaoka, Walter Goessler, Toshikazu Kaise, Doris Kuehnelt, Claudia Schlagenhaufen, Hirokazu Ohno, Yukiko Nakatani, Shunshirow Ueno, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:Water-soluble fractions containing arsenic compounds were extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1) from two kinds of jellyfish, Aurelia aurita and Carybdea rastonii. After defatting, each water-soluble fraction was subjected to analysis by HPLC-GFAA (column: ODS 120-T) and HPLC-ICP MS (column: Supelcosil LC-SCX) for arsenicals. Arsenobetaine was detected with both analytical systems as the major arsenic compound. Besides arsenobetaine, the tetramethylarsonium ion and Arsenocholine were also detected by HPLC-ICP MS. The major arsenical in each jellyfish purified by ionexchange chromatography using Dowex 50W x 8 (H + form) and Dowex 50W x 8 (pyridinium form) was confirmed to be arsenobetaine by thin-layer chromatography.
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A novel arsenic containing riboside (arsenosugar) in three species of gastropod
Science of The Total Environment, 1998Co-Authors: Kevin A. Francesconi, Walter Goessler, Suwanna Panutrakul, Kurt J. IrgolicAbstract:Abstract Arsenic compounds in three marine gastropods ( Thais bitubercularis, Thais distinguenda, Morula musiva ) from Phuket, Thailand were examined by HPLC using ICP-MS as an arsenic specific detector. Aqueous methanol treatment of the freeze-dried samples (initially 112–339 μg As g −1 dry mass) extracted >96% of the total arsenic. HPLC-ICP-MS of the extracts demonstrated the presence of arsenobetaine (93–95% of total extractable arsenic), Arsenocholine (3.1–4.6%), tetramethylarsonium ion (0.21–2.2%), two unknown arsenic compounds (each approx. 0.1%), and an unresolved mixture of arsenic compounds (∼1%). One of the unknowns was identified as a new natural product, the arsenosugar 2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl 5-deoxy-5-trimethylarsonioriboside, by co-chromatography with synthetic material. The presence of these arsenic compounds in the gastropods is consistent with the hypothesis that trimethylated arsenosugars are transformed into arsenobetaine via Arsenocholine within animals.
