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R K Kohli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phytotoxic effects of volatile oil from Artemisia scoparia against weeds and its possible use as a bioherbicide
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2010
    Co-Authors: Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Harminder Pal Singh, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract A study was conducted to assess the bioherbicidal activity of volatile oil hydrodistilled from Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit. (red stem wormwood; Asteraceae) against five weed species, viz. Achyranthes aspera, Cassia occidentalis, Parthenium hysterophorus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Ageratum conyzoides. Emergence and seedling growth (in terms of root and shoot length) were significantly reduced in a dose–response bioassay conducted in sand impregnated with Artemisia oil (at ≥10, 25, and 50 μg Artemisia oil/g sand). In general, the root length was inhibited more as compared to the shoot length and the inhibitory effect was greatest in P. hysterophorus followed by A. conyzoides and least in C. occidentalis. Post-emergence application of Artemisia oil (2%, 4%, and 6%, v/v) on 6-week-old weed plants caused visible injury (1- and 7-days after spray) ranging from chlorosis to necrosis to complete wilting of plants. Among the sprayed test weeds, the effect was greatest on E. crus-galli and P. hysterophorus. Artemisia oil treatment resulted in a loss of chlorophyll content and cellular respiration in test weeds thereby implying interference/impairment with photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Artemisia oil caused a severe electrolyte leakage from E. crus-galli (a monocot) and C. occidentalis (a dicot) indicating membrane disruption and loss of integrity. The study concludes that Artemisia oil has bioherbicidal properties as it causes severe phytotoxicity and interferes with the growth and physiological processes of some weed species.

  • in vitro screening of essential oil from young and mature leaves of Artemisia scoparia compared to its major constituents for free radical scavenging activity
    Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study investigated the chemical characterization, and antioxidant activity of essential oil hydrodistilled from young and mature leaves of Artemisia scoparia. GC–MS analyses revealed a monoterpenoid nature (64–67%) with 44 and 31 constituents in young and mature leaves oil, respectively. The oil from young leaf contained greater amount of oxygenated compounds. β-Myrcene (24.13%) and p-cymene (27.06%) were the major constituents in young and mature leaves oil, respectively. A. scoparia leaf oils (25–200 μg/ml) exhibited a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide. However, the activities of major constituent monoterpenes, β-myrcene and p-cymene, were less. In general, the DPPH radical scavenging and antioxidant activity was in the order: mature leaf oil > young leaf oil > β-myrcene > p-cymene.

  • chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from residues of Artemisia scoparia
    Food Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The chemical composition of hydrodistilled oil (yield ∼0.17%, w/v), from the residues of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. (sagebrush or wormweed), was analysed for the first time by GC/GC–MS. Of the 49 compounds present in the oil, 48, accounting for 99.28% of the oil, were identified. The volatile oil contained 24 monoterpenoids (56.7%), 19 sesquiterpenoids (28.7%), 2 ketones (0.25%), 1 ester (1.87%), 1 chromene (precocene II, 0.65%) and a hydrocarbon compound. Citronellal (15.2%) followed by β-citronellol (11%) were the major monoterpene constituents of the oil. The residue essential oils (25–200 μg/ml) exhibited a strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activity against hydroxyl ion (OH ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). This study concludes that residues of A. scoparia could serve as an important bioresource for extraction of monoterpenoid-rich oil exhibiting antioxidant activity, and thus hold a good potential for use in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

  • essential oil of Artemisia scoparia inhibits plant growth by generating reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative damage
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    We investigated the chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. (red stem wormwood, Asteraceae). GC/GC-MS analyses revealed 33 chemical constituents representing 99.83% of the oil. The oil, in general, was rich in monoterpenes that constitute 71.6%, with beta-myrcene (29.27%) as the major constituent followed by (+)-limonene (13.3%), (Z)-beta-ocimene (13.37%), and gamma-terpinene (9.51%). The oil and beta-myrcene were evaluated in a dose-response bioassay under laboratory conditions for phytotoxicity against three weeds-Avena fatua, Cyperus rotundus, and Phalaris minor. A significant reduction in germination, seedling growth, and dry matter accumulation was observed in the test weeds. At the lowest treatment of 0.07 mg/ml Artemisia oil, germination was reduced by 39%, 19%, and 10.6% in C. rotundus, P. minor, and A. fatua, respectively. However, the inhibitory effect of beta-myrcene was less. In general, a dose-dependent effect was observed and the growth declined with increasing concentration. Among the three weeds, the inhibitory effect was greatest on C. rotundus, so it was selected for further studies. We explored the explanation for observed growth inhibition in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS: lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity, and amounts of conjugated dienes and hydrogen peroxide)-induced oxidative stress. Exposure of C. rotundus to Artemisia oil or beta-myrcene enhanced solute leakage, indicating membrane disintegration. There were increased levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, indicating lipid peroxidation and induction of oxidative stress. We conclude that Artemisia oil inhibits plant root growth through generation of ROS-induced oxidative damage.

  • phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia waldst kit
    Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2008
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    The phytotoxicity of the three major monoterpene constituents of the essential oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. (redstem wormwood) was investigated. GC/GC-MS analysis revealed that the essential oil (yield 0.84%) is a complex mixture containing 19 monoterpenes, 7 sesquiterpenes and 15 other compounds--aliphatic alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. The three major monoterpenes were beta-myrcene (30.2%), p-cymene (12.8%) and dl-limonene (12.4%). The essential oil and the three monoterpenes exhibited phytotoxicity and reduced germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll content and percent respiration of Avena sativa and Triticum aestivum in a dose-response manner. The inhibitory effect of monoterpenes was comparatively smaller than of the crude essential oil and beta-myrcene was most toxic followed by p-cymene, whereas limonene was least toxic. The study suggests that A. scoparia oil and beta-myrcene can be explored for phytotoxicity against weeds.

Harminder Pal Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Artemisia scoparia essential oil inhibited root growth involves reactive oxygen species ros mediated disruption of oxidative metabolism in vivo ros detection and alterations in antioxidant enzymes
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Harminder Pal Singh, Ravinder Kumar Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract We investigated whether phytotoxicity of Artemisia scoparia essential oil involves a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress and alterations in antioxidant enzymes. Effect of Artemisia oil was studied on ROS generation (superoxide anion [ O 2 − • ] , hydrogen peroxide [H 2 O 2 ] content), proline content, root oxidizability and cell death, and ROS metabolism in wheat. Artemisia oil (0.14–0.70 mg/ml) enhanced the levels of H 2 O 2 , O 2 − • , and proline suggesting induction of oxidative stress. ROS generation was confirmed by in situ detection of cell death, loss of membrane permeability, H 2 O 2 accumulation, and lipid peroxidation in intact roots. The activities of the scavenging enzymes- superoxide dismutases, catalases, ascorbate- and guaiacol- peroxidases, and glutathione reductases- were significantly elevated in response to Artemisia oil suggesting their induction as a secondary defense mechanism to scavenge increased ROS generation. The study concluded that Artemisia oil caused root growth inhibition involves ROS-mediated cellular damage despite the activation of antioxidant enzyme levels.

  • phytotoxic effects of volatile oil from Artemisia scoparia against weeds and its possible use as a bioherbicide
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2010
    Co-Authors: Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Harminder Pal Singh, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract A study was conducted to assess the bioherbicidal activity of volatile oil hydrodistilled from Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit. (red stem wormwood; Asteraceae) against five weed species, viz. Achyranthes aspera, Cassia occidentalis, Parthenium hysterophorus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Ageratum conyzoides. Emergence and seedling growth (in terms of root and shoot length) were significantly reduced in a dose–response bioassay conducted in sand impregnated with Artemisia oil (at ≥10, 25, and 50 μg Artemisia oil/g sand). In general, the root length was inhibited more as compared to the shoot length and the inhibitory effect was greatest in P. hysterophorus followed by A. conyzoides and least in C. occidentalis. Post-emergence application of Artemisia oil (2%, 4%, and 6%, v/v) on 6-week-old weed plants caused visible injury (1- and 7-days after spray) ranging from chlorosis to necrosis to complete wilting of plants. Among the sprayed test weeds, the effect was greatest on E. crus-galli and P. hysterophorus. Artemisia oil treatment resulted in a loss of chlorophyll content and cellular respiration in test weeds thereby implying interference/impairment with photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Artemisia oil caused a severe electrolyte leakage from E. crus-galli (a monocot) and C. occidentalis (a dicot) indicating membrane disruption and loss of integrity. The study concludes that Artemisia oil has bioherbicidal properties as it causes severe phytotoxicity and interferes with the growth and physiological processes of some weed species.

  • in vitro screening of essential oil from young and mature leaves of Artemisia scoparia compared to its major constituents for free radical scavenging activity
    Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study investigated the chemical characterization, and antioxidant activity of essential oil hydrodistilled from young and mature leaves of Artemisia scoparia. GC–MS analyses revealed a monoterpenoid nature (64–67%) with 44 and 31 constituents in young and mature leaves oil, respectively. The oil from young leaf contained greater amount of oxygenated compounds. β-Myrcene (24.13%) and p-cymene (27.06%) were the major constituents in young and mature leaves oil, respectively. A. scoparia leaf oils (25–200 μg/ml) exhibited a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide. However, the activities of major constituent monoterpenes, β-myrcene and p-cymene, were less. In general, the DPPH radical scavenging and antioxidant activity was in the order: mature leaf oil > young leaf oil > β-myrcene > p-cymene.

  • chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from residues of Artemisia scoparia
    Food Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The chemical composition of hydrodistilled oil (yield ∼0.17%, w/v), from the residues of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. (sagebrush or wormweed), was analysed for the first time by GC/GC–MS. Of the 49 compounds present in the oil, 48, accounting for 99.28% of the oil, were identified. The volatile oil contained 24 monoterpenoids (56.7%), 19 sesquiterpenoids (28.7%), 2 ketones (0.25%), 1 ester (1.87%), 1 chromene (precocene II, 0.65%) and a hydrocarbon compound. Citronellal (15.2%) followed by β-citronellol (11%) were the major monoterpene constituents of the oil. The residue essential oils (25–200 μg/ml) exhibited a strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activity against hydroxyl ion (OH ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). This study concludes that residues of A. scoparia could serve as an important bioresource for extraction of monoterpenoid-rich oil exhibiting antioxidant activity, and thus hold a good potential for use in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

  • essential oil of Artemisia scoparia inhibits plant growth by generating reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative damage
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    We investigated the chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. (red stem wormwood, Asteraceae). GC/GC-MS analyses revealed 33 chemical constituents representing 99.83% of the oil. The oil, in general, was rich in monoterpenes that constitute 71.6%, with beta-myrcene (29.27%) as the major constituent followed by (+)-limonene (13.3%), (Z)-beta-ocimene (13.37%), and gamma-terpinene (9.51%). The oil and beta-myrcene were evaluated in a dose-response bioassay under laboratory conditions for phytotoxicity against three weeds-Avena fatua, Cyperus rotundus, and Phalaris minor. A significant reduction in germination, seedling growth, and dry matter accumulation was observed in the test weeds. At the lowest treatment of 0.07 mg/ml Artemisia oil, germination was reduced by 39%, 19%, and 10.6% in C. rotundus, P. minor, and A. fatua, respectively. However, the inhibitory effect of beta-myrcene was less. In general, a dose-dependent effect was observed and the growth declined with increasing concentration. Among the three weeds, the inhibitory effect was greatest on C. rotundus, so it was selected for further studies. We explored the explanation for observed growth inhibition in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS: lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity, and amounts of conjugated dienes and hydrogen peroxide)-induced oxidative stress. Exposure of C. rotundus to Artemisia oil or beta-myrcene enhanced solute leakage, indicating membrane disintegration. There were increased levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, indicating lipid peroxidation and induction of oxidative stress. We conclude that Artemisia oil inhibits plant root growth through generation of ROS-induced oxidative damage.

Shalinder Kaur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Artemisia scoparia essential oil inhibited root growth involves reactive oxygen species ros mediated disruption of oxidative metabolism in vivo ros detection and alterations in antioxidant enzymes
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Harminder Pal Singh, Ravinder Kumar Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract We investigated whether phytotoxicity of Artemisia scoparia essential oil involves a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress and alterations in antioxidant enzymes. Effect of Artemisia oil was studied on ROS generation (superoxide anion [ O 2 − • ] , hydrogen peroxide [H 2 O 2 ] content), proline content, root oxidizability and cell death, and ROS metabolism in wheat. Artemisia oil (0.14–0.70 mg/ml) enhanced the levels of H 2 O 2 , O 2 − • , and proline suggesting induction of oxidative stress. ROS generation was confirmed by in situ detection of cell death, loss of membrane permeability, H 2 O 2 accumulation, and lipid peroxidation in intact roots. The activities of the scavenging enzymes- superoxide dismutases, catalases, ascorbate- and guaiacol- peroxidases, and glutathione reductases- were significantly elevated in response to Artemisia oil suggesting their induction as a secondary defense mechanism to scavenge increased ROS generation. The study concluded that Artemisia oil caused root growth inhibition involves ROS-mediated cellular damage despite the activation of antioxidant enzyme levels.

  • phytotoxic effects of volatile oil from Artemisia scoparia against weeds and its possible use as a bioherbicide
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2010
    Co-Authors: Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Harminder Pal Singh, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract A study was conducted to assess the bioherbicidal activity of volatile oil hydrodistilled from Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit. (red stem wormwood; Asteraceae) against five weed species, viz. Achyranthes aspera, Cassia occidentalis, Parthenium hysterophorus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Ageratum conyzoides. Emergence and seedling growth (in terms of root and shoot length) were significantly reduced in a dose–response bioassay conducted in sand impregnated with Artemisia oil (at ≥10, 25, and 50 μg Artemisia oil/g sand). In general, the root length was inhibited more as compared to the shoot length and the inhibitory effect was greatest in P. hysterophorus followed by A. conyzoides and least in C. occidentalis. Post-emergence application of Artemisia oil (2%, 4%, and 6%, v/v) on 6-week-old weed plants caused visible injury (1- and 7-days after spray) ranging from chlorosis to necrosis to complete wilting of plants. Among the sprayed test weeds, the effect was greatest on E. crus-galli and P. hysterophorus. Artemisia oil treatment resulted in a loss of chlorophyll content and cellular respiration in test weeds thereby implying interference/impairment with photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Artemisia oil caused a severe electrolyte leakage from E. crus-galli (a monocot) and C. occidentalis (a dicot) indicating membrane disruption and loss of integrity. The study concludes that Artemisia oil has bioherbicidal properties as it causes severe phytotoxicity and interferes with the growth and physiological processes of some weed species.

  • in vitro screening of essential oil from young and mature leaves of Artemisia scoparia compared to its major constituents for free radical scavenging activity
    Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study investigated the chemical characterization, and antioxidant activity of essential oil hydrodistilled from young and mature leaves of Artemisia scoparia. GC–MS analyses revealed a monoterpenoid nature (64–67%) with 44 and 31 constituents in young and mature leaves oil, respectively. The oil from young leaf contained greater amount of oxygenated compounds. β-Myrcene (24.13%) and p-cymene (27.06%) were the major constituents in young and mature leaves oil, respectively. A. scoparia leaf oils (25–200 μg/ml) exhibited a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide. However, the activities of major constituent monoterpenes, β-myrcene and p-cymene, were less. In general, the DPPH radical scavenging and antioxidant activity was in the order: mature leaf oil > young leaf oil > β-myrcene > p-cymene.

  • assessment of allelopathic potential of Artemisia scoparia against some plants
    2010
    Co-Authors: Shalinder Kaur, Daizy Rani Batish
    Abstract:

    A study was conducted to explore allelopathic potential of volatile oil from Artemisia scoparia leaves against Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Amaranthus viridis, Chenopodium murale and Bidens pilosa. Under laboratory bioassay, seed germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, chlorophyll content and respiratory activity of different test plants were measured. Different concentrations (0.5, 1.0. 2.5 and 5.0 μL/Petri dish) of Artemisia oil inhibited seed germination of all the test plants. Besides early growth, the chlorophyll content and cellular respiration were also found to be severely affected upon Artemisia oil treatment. In general, the inhibitory effect was greater on weeds than on crops. Among the test plants, A. viridis was observed to be the most sensitive. The study concludes that Artemisia oil possesses stron phytototxicity against weeds and hence could be used as a bioherbicide. KEY WORDS Allelopathy Artemisia oil Bioherbicide Phytotoxicity

  • chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from residues of Artemisia scoparia
    Food Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The chemical composition of hydrodistilled oil (yield ∼0.17%, w/v), from the residues of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. (sagebrush or wormweed), was analysed for the first time by GC/GC–MS. Of the 49 compounds present in the oil, 48, accounting for 99.28% of the oil, were identified. The volatile oil contained 24 monoterpenoids (56.7%), 19 sesquiterpenoids (28.7%), 2 ketones (0.25%), 1 ester (1.87%), 1 chromene (precocene II, 0.65%) and a hydrocarbon compound. Citronellal (15.2%) followed by β-citronellol (11%) were the major monoterpene constituents of the oil. The residue essential oils (25–200 μg/ml) exhibited a strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activity against hydroxyl ion (OH ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). This study concludes that residues of A. scoparia could serve as an important bioresource for extraction of monoterpenoid-rich oil exhibiting antioxidant activity, and thus hold a good potential for use in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Jacqueline M Stephens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mechanisms of Artemisia scoparia s anti inflammatory activity in cultured adipocytes macrophages and pancreatic β cells
    Obesity, 2020
    Co-Authors: Anik Boudreau, Allison J Richard, David M Ribnicky, Jacqueline M Stephens, Susan J Burke, Jason J Collier
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) improves adipose tissue function and reduces negative metabolic consequences of high-fat feeding. A. scoparia has a long history of medicinal use across Asia and has anti-inflammatory effects in various cell types and disease models. The objective of the current study was to investigate SCO's effects on inflammation in cells relevant to metabolic health. METHODS Inflammatory responses were assayed in cultured adipocytes, macrophages, and insulinoma cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and NF-κB reporter assays. RESULTS In tumor necrosis factor α-treated adipocytes, SCO mitigated ERK and NF-κB signaling as well as transcriptional responses but had no effect on fatty acid-binding protein 4 secretion. SCO also reduced levels of deleted in breast cancer 1 protein in adipocytes and inhibited inflammatory gene expression in stimulated macrophages. Finally, in pancreatic β-cells, SCO decreased NF-κB-responsive promoter activity induced by IL-1β treatment. CONCLUSIONS SCO's ability to promote adipocyte development and function is thought to mediate its insulin-sensitizing actions in vivo. Our findings that SCO inhibits inflammatory responses through at least two distinct signaling pathways (ERK and NF-κB) in three cell types known to contribute to metabolic disease reveal that SCO may act more broadly than previously thought to improve metabolic health.

  • distinct fractions of an Artemisia scoparia extract contain compounds with novel adipogenic bioactivity
    Frontiers in Nutrition, 2019
    Co-Authors: Anik Boudreau, Allison J Richard, David M Ribnicky, Jacqueline M Stephens, Ilya Raskin, Alexander Poulev, Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy
    Abstract:

    Adipocytes are important players in metabolic health and disease, and disruption of adipocyte development or function contributes to metabolic dysregulation. Hence, adipocytes are significant targets for therapeutic intervention in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Plants have long been sources for bioactive compounds and drugs. In previous studies, we screened botanical extracts for effects on adipogenesis in vitro and discovered that an ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) could promote adipocyte differentiation. To follow up on these studies, we have used various separation methods to identify the compound(s) responsible for SCO's adipogenic properties. Fractions and subfractions of SCO were tested for effects on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fractions were also analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and resulting peaks were putatively identified through high resolution, high mass accuracy mass spectrometry, literature data, and available natural products databases. The inactive fractions contained mostly quercetin derivatives and chlorogenates, including chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, which had no effects on adipogenesis when tested individually, thus ruling them out as pro-adipogenic bioactives in SCO. Based on these studies we have putatively identified the principal constituents in SCO fractions and subfractions that promoted adipocyte development and fat cell gene expression as prenylated coumaric acids, coumarin monoterpene ethers, 6-demethoxycapillarisin and two polymethoxyflavones.

  • Data_Sheet_1_Distinct Fractions of an Artemisia scoparia Extract Contain Compounds With Novel Adipogenic Bioactivity.pdf
    2019
    Co-Authors: Anik Boudreau, Allison J Richard, David M Ribnicky, Ilya Raskin, Alexander Poulev, Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy, Jacqueline M Stephens
    Abstract:

    Adipocytes are important players in metabolic health and disease, and disruption of adipocyte development or function contributes to metabolic dysregulation. Hence, adipocytes are significant targets for therapeutic intervention in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Plants have long been sources for bioactive compounds and drugs. In previous studies, we screened botanical extracts for effects on adipogenesis in vitro and discovered that an ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) could promote adipocyte differentiation. To follow up on these studies, we have used various separation methods to identify the compound(s) responsible for SCO's adipogenic properties. Fractions and subfractions of SCO were tested for effects on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fractions were also analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and resulting peaks were putatively identified through high resolution, high mass accuracy mass spectrometry, literature data, and available natural products databases. The inactive fractions contained mostly quercetin derivatives and chlorogenates, including chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, which had no effects on adipogenesis when tested individually, thus ruling them out as pro-adipogenic bioactives in SCO. Based on these studies we have putatively identified the principal constituents in SCO fractions and subfractions that promoted adipocyte development and fat cell gene expression as prenylated coumaric acids, coumarin monoterpene ethers, 6-demethoxycapillarisin and two polymethoxyflavones.

  • an ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia inhibits lipolysis in vivo and has antilipolytic effects on murine adipocytes in vitro
    American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism, 2018
    Co-Authors: Anik Boudreau, Allison J Richard, Jasmine A Burrell, William T King, Ruth Dunn, Jeanmarc Schwarz, David M Ribnicky, Jennifer C Rood, Michael J Salbaum, Jacqueline M Stephens
    Abstract:

    An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) has metabolically favorable effects on adipocyte development and function in vitro and in vivo. In diet-induced obese mice, SCO supplementation sign...

  • Artemisia scoparia enhances adipocyte development and endocrine function in vitro and enhances insulin action in vivo
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Allison J Richard, David M Ribnicky, Scott Fuller, Veaceslav Fedorcenco, Robbie A Beyl, Thomas P Burris, Randall L Mynatt, Jacqueline M Stephens
    Abstract:

    Background Failure of adipocytes to expand during periods of energy excess can result in undesirable metabolic consequences such as ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Blinded screening studies have indicated that Artemisia scoparia (SCO) extracts can enhance adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in cultured adipocytes. The present study tested the hypothesis that SCO treatment modulates fat cell development and function in vitro and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue in vivo. Methods In vitro experiments utilized a Gal4-PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) fusion protein-luciferase reporter assay to examine PPARγ activation. To investigate the ability of SCO to modulate adipogenesis and mature fat cell function in 3T3-L1 cells, neutral lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein secretion were measured by Oil Red O staining, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting, respectively. For the in vivo experiments, diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing 1% w/w SCO for four weeks. Body weight and composition, food intake, and fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured. Phospho-activation and expression of insulin-sensitizing proteins in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT) were measured by immunoblotting. Results Ethanolic extracts of A. scoparia significantly activated the PPARγ LBD and enhanced lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. SCO increased the transcription of several PPARγ target genes in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and rescued the negative effects of tumor necrosis factor α on production and secretion of adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in fully differentiated fat cells. DIO mice treated with SCO had elevated adiponectin levels and increased phosphorylation of AMPKα in eWAT when compared to control mice. In SCO-treated mice, these changes were also associated with decreased fasting insulin and glucose levels. Conclusion SCO has metabolically beneficial effects on adipocytes in vitro and adipose tissue in vivo, highlighting its potential as a metabolically favorable botanical supplement.

Sunil Mittal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phytotoxic effects of volatile oil from Artemisia scoparia against weeds and its possible use as a bioherbicide
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2010
    Co-Authors: Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Harminder Pal Singh, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract A study was conducted to assess the bioherbicidal activity of volatile oil hydrodistilled from Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit. (red stem wormwood; Asteraceae) against five weed species, viz. Achyranthes aspera, Cassia occidentalis, Parthenium hysterophorus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Ageratum conyzoides. Emergence and seedling growth (in terms of root and shoot length) were significantly reduced in a dose–response bioassay conducted in sand impregnated with Artemisia oil (at ≥10, 25, and 50 μg Artemisia oil/g sand). In general, the root length was inhibited more as compared to the shoot length and the inhibitory effect was greatest in P. hysterophorus followed by A. conyzoides and least in C. occidentalis. Post-emergence application of Artemisia oil (2%, 4%, and 6%, v/v) on 6-week-old weed plants caused visible injury (1- and 7-days after spray) ranging from chlorosis to necrosis to complete wilting of plants. Among the sprayed test weeds, the effect was greatest on E. crus-galli and P. hysterophorus. Artemisia oil treatment resulted in a loss of chlorophyll content and cellular respiration in test weeds thereby implying interference/impairment with photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Artemisia oil caused a severe electrolyte leakage from E. crus-galli (a monocot) and C. occidentalis (a dicot) indicating membrane disruption and loss of integrity. The study concludes that Artemisia oil has bioherbicidal properties as it causes severe phytotoxicity and interferes with the growth and physiological processes of some weed species.

  • in vitro screening of essential oil from young and mature leaves of Artemisia scoparia compared to its major constituents for free radical scavenging activity
    Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study investigated the chemical characterization, and antioxidant activity of essential oil hydrodistilled from young and mature leaves of Artemisia scoparia. GC–MS analyses revealed a monoterpenoid nature (64–67%) with 44 and 31 constituents in young and mature leaves oil, respectively. The oil from young leaf contained greater amount of oxygenated compounds. β-Myrcene (24.13%) and p-cymene (27.06%) were the major constituents in young and mature leaves oil, respectively. A. scoparia leaf oils (25–200 μg/ml) exhibited a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide. However, the activities of major constituent monoterpenes, β-myrcene and p-cymene, were less. In general, the DPPH radical scavenging and antioxidant activity was in the order: mature leaf oil > young leaf oil > β-myrcene > p-cymene.

  • chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from residues of Artemisia scoparia
    Food Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The chemical composition of hydrodistilled oil (yield ∼0.17%, w/v), from the residues of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. (sagebrush or wormweed), was analysed for the first time by GC/GC–MS. Of the 49 compounds present in the oil, 48, accounting for 99.28% of the oil, were identified. The volatile oil contained 24 monoterpenoids (56.7%), 19 sesquiterpenoids (28.7%), 2 ketones (0.25%), 1 ester (1.87%), 1 chromene (precocene II, 0.65%) and a hydrocarbon compound. Citronellal (15.2%) followed by β-citronellol (11%) were the major monoterpene constituents of the oil. The residue essential oils (25–200 μg/ml) exhibited a strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activity against hydroxyl ion (OH ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). This study concludes that residues of A. scoparia could serve as an important bioresource for extraction of monoterpenoid-rich oil exhibiting antioxidant activity, and thus hold a good potential for use in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

  • essential oil of Artemisia scoparia inhibits plant growth by generating reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative damage
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Sunil Mittal, R K Kohli
    Abstract:

    We investigated the chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. (red stem wormwood, Asteraceae). GC/GC-MS analyses revealed 33 chemical constituents representing 99.83% of the oil. The oil, in general, was rich in monoterpenes that constitute 71.6%, with beta-myrcene (29.27%) as the major constituent followed by (+)-limonene (13.3%), (Z)-beta-ocimene (13.37%), and gamma-terpinene (9.51%). The oil and beta-myrcene were evaluated in a dose-response bioassay under laboratory conditions for phytotoxicity against three weeds-Avena fatua, Cyperus rotundus, and Phalaris minor. A significant reduction in germination, seedling growth, and dry matter accumulation was observed in the test weeds. At the lowest treatment of 0.07 mg/ml Artemisia oil, germination was reduced by 39%, 19%, and 10.6% in C. rotundus, P. minor, and A. fatua, respectively. However, the inhibitory effect of beta-myrcene was less. In general, a dose-dependent effect was observed and the growth declined with increasing concentration. Among the three weeds, the inhibitory effect was greatest on C. rotundus, so it was selected for further studies. We explored the explanation for observed growth inhibition in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS: lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity, and amounts of conjugated dienes and hydrogen peroxide)-induced oxidative stress. Exposure of C. rotundus to Artemisia oil or beta-myrcene enhanced solute leakage, indicating membrane disintegration. There were increased levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, indicating lipid peroxidation and induction of oxidative stress. We conclude that Artemisia oil inhibits plant root growth through generation of ROS-induced oxidative damage.

  • Essential Oil of Artemisia scoparia Inhibits Plant Growth by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species and Causing Oxidative Damage
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Daizy Rani Batish, Sunil Mittal, Ravinder Kumar Kohli
    Abstract:

    We investigated the chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. (red stem wormwood, Asteraceae). GC/GC-MS analyses revealed 33 chemical constituents representing 99.83% of the oil. The oil, in general, was rich in monoterpenes that constitute 71.6%, with β -myrcene (29.27%) as the major constituent followed by (+)-limonene (13.3%), ( Z )- β -ocimene (13.37%), and γ -terpinene (9.51%). The oil and β -myrcene were evaluated in a dose–response bioassay under laboratory conditions for phytotoxicity against three weeds— Avena fatua, Cyperus rotundus , and Phalaris minor . A significant reduction in germination, seedling growth, and dry matter accumulation was observed in the test weeds. At the lowest treatment of 0.07 mg/ml Artemisia oil, germination was reduced by 39%, 19%, and 10.6% in C. rotundus, P. minor , and A. fatua , respectively. However, the inhibitory effect of β -myrcene was less. In general, a dose-dependent effect was observed and the growth declined with increasing concentration. Among the three weeds, the inhibitory effect was greatest on C. rotundus , so it was selected for further studies. We explored the explanation for observed growth inhibition in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS: lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity, and amounts of conjugated dienes and hydrogen peroxide)-induced oxidative stress. Exposure of C. rotundus to Artemisia oil or β -myrcene enhanced solute leakage, indicating membrane disintegration. There were increased levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, indicating lipid peroxidation and induction of oxidative stress. We conclude that Artemisia oil inhibits plant root growth through generation of ROS-induced oxidative damage.