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Prashant Jha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Crop Canopy and Herbicide Application on Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) Density and Seed Production
Weed Science, 2020Co-Authors: Elizabeth G. Mosqueda, Prashant Jha, Charlemagne A. Lim, Gustavo M. Sbatella, Nevin C. Lawrence, Andrew R. KnissAbstract:Understanding the effects of crop management practices on weed survival and seed production is imperative in improving long-term weed management strategies, especially for herbicide-resistant weed populations. Kochia [Bassia Scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] is an economically important weed in western North American cropping systems for many reasons, including prolific seed production and evolved resistance to numerous herbicide sites of action. Field studies were conducted in 2014 in a total of four field sites in Wyoming, Montana, and Nebraska to quantify the impact of different crop canopies and herbicide applications on B. Scoparia density and seed production. Crops used in this study were spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). Herbicide treatments included either acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors effective on non-resistant B. Scoparia or a non–ALS inhibiting herbicide effective for both ALS-resistant and ALS-susceptible B. Scoparia. Bassia Scoparia density midseason was affected more by herbicide choice than by crop canopy, whereas B. Scoparia seed production per plant was affected more by crop canopy compared with herbicide treatment. Our results suggest that crop canopy and herbicide treatments were both influential on B. Scoparia seed production per unit area, which is likely a key indicator of long-term management success for this annual weed species. The lowest germinable seed production per unit area was observed in spring wheat treated with non–ALS inhibiting herbicides, and the greatest germinable seed production was observed in sugar beet treated with ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The combined effects of crop canopy and herbicide treatment can minimize B. Scoparia establishment and seed production.
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Herbicide-Resistant Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) in North America: A Review
Weed Science, 2018Co-Authors: Vipan Kumar, Mithila Jugulam, Prashant Jha, Ramawatar Yadav, Phillip W. StahlmanAbstract:Kochia [ Bassia Scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott] is a problematic annual broadleaf weed species in the North American Great Plains. Bassia Scoparia inherits unique biological characteristics that contribute to its propensity to evolve herbicide resistance. Evolution of glyphosate resistance in B. Scoparia has become a serious threat to the major cropping systems and soil conservation practices in the region. Bassia Scoparia populations with resistance to four different herbicide sites of action are a concern for growers. The widespread occurrence of multiple herbicide–resistant (HR) B. Scoparia across the North American Great Plains has renewed research efforts to devise integrated weed management strategies beyond herbicide use. In this review, we aim to compile and document the growing body of literature on HR B. Scoparia with emphasis on herbicide-resistance evolutionary dynamics, distribution, mechanisms of evolved resistance, agronomic impacts, and current/future weed management technologies. We focused on ecologically based, non-herbicidal strategies such as diverse crop rotations comprising winter cereals and perennial forages, enhanced crop competition, cover crops, harvest weed seed control (HWSC), and tillage to manage HR B. Scoparia seedbanks. Remote sensing using hyperspectral imaging and other sensor-based technologies would be valuable for early detection and rapid response and site-specific herbicide resistance management. We propose research priorities based on an improved understanding of the biology, genetic diversity, and plasticity of this weed that will aid in preserving existing herbicide resources and designing sustainable, integrated HR B. Scoparia mitigation plans.
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Differential Germination Characteristics of Dicamba-Resistant Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) Populations in Response to Temperature
Weed Science, 2018Co-Authors: Vipan Kumar, Prashant Jha, Charlemagne A. Lim, Phillip W. StahlmanAbstract:Dicamba-resistant (DR) kochia [Bassia Scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott] has been reported in six U.S. states and one Canadian province. To develop effective B. Scoparia control tactics, it is necessary to understand the seed germination pattern of DR B. Scoparia. The objective of this study was to compare the germination characteristics of DR versus dicamba-susceptible (DS) B. Scoparia populations from Montana and Kansas under constant (5 to 35 C) and/or alternating temperatures (5/10 to 30/35 C). DR B. Scoparia lines from Montana were generated after three generations of recurrent selection of field-collected populations with dicamba. Seeds of DR or DS lines from Kansas were obtained after one generation of restricted self-pollination. DR B. Scoparia lines from both Montana and Kansas had a lower maximum cumulative germination than the DS lines across all temperature treatments. A majority of DR B. Scoparia lines from Montana showed a temperature-mediated seed germination response, with a higher thermal requirement (30 to 35 C or 25/30 to 30/35 C) to attain the maximum cumulative germination compared with DS lines. Germination rates at 5 to 30 C were lower for DR versus DS B. Scoparia lines from Kansas. All DR lines from Montana took more time than DS lines to initiate germination at 5 and 10 C or 5/10 and 20/25 C. Similarly, there was a delayed onset of germination of the DR versus DS line from Kansas at 5, 10, 15, and 20 C. Furthermore, the DR B. Scoparia from both Kansas and Montana had a slower germination pattern relative to the DS B. Scoparia. Diversified crop rotations using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), fall-sown cover crops, or early-spring planted crops (e.g., wheat or barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]) that are competitive against lateemerging B. Scoparia in conjunction with strategic tillage and late-season weed control tactics should be used to facilitate depletion of DR B. Scoparia seedbanks.
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EPSPS Gene Copy Number and Whole-Plant Glyphosate Resistance Level in Kochia Scoparia
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Todd A. Gaines, Vipan Kumar, Prashant Jha, Abigail L. Barker, Eric L. Patterson, Philip Westra, Eric P. Westra, Robert G. Wilson, Andrew R. KnissAbstract:Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Kochia Scoparia has evolved in dryland chemical fallow systems throughout North America and the mechanism of resistance involves 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene duplication. Agricultural fields in four states were surveyed for K. Scoparia in 2013 and tested for glyphosate-resistance level and EPSPS gene copy number. Glyphosate resistance was confirmed in K. Scoparia populations collected from sugarbeet fields in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and Montana. Glyphosate resistance was also confirmed in K. Scoparia accessions collected from wheat-fallow fields in Montana. All GR samples had increased EPSPS gene copy number, with median population values up to 11 from sugarbeet fields and up to 13 in Montana wheat-fallow fields. The results indicate that glyphosate susceptibility can be accurately diagnosed using EPSPS gene copy number.
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differences in germination growth and fecundity characteristics of dicamba fluroxypyr resistant and susceptible kochia Scoparia
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Vipan Kumar, Prashant JhaAbstract:The widespread occurrence of herbicide-resistant (HR) Kochia Scoparia is an increasing concern for growers in the US Great Plains and Canada. K. Scoparia populations resistant to dicamba have been reported in six US states. Populations cross-resistant to dicamba and fluroxypyr have been reported from wheat fields in Montana, USA. It is unclear whether resistance to the auxinic herbicides (dicamba and/or fluroxypyr), can alter the fitness traits of K. Scoparia. The objectives of this research were to compare the germination dynamics in response to thermal environment, vegetative growth and fecundity characteristics, and the relative competitive ability of dicamba-fluroxypyr-susceptible (S) vs.-resistant (R) K. Scoparia selected from within a single segregating population (collected from wheat-fallow field in MT). S and R selected lines were developed after three generations of recurrent group selection. Compared to the S selected line, the R selected line had lower cumulative germination at all constant temperatures except 25°C, and at all alternating temperatures except 30/35°C. Also, the R selected line had delayed germination relative to the S selected line. The R had lower plant height, plant width, primary branches, total leaf area, stem diameter, and shoot dry weight compared with the S plants in the absence of competition. The reduction in seed production per plant resulted in a 39% fitness cost. The 1000-seed weight of R (1.6 g) was also less than that of S (2.6 g). When grown in an intraspecific competition at different mixture proportions, replacement series indices for the growth parameters further indicated that the R was less competitive than the S. Evident from this research, the dicamba-fluroxypyr-resistant R selected line is less likely to persist in a field population in the absence of the auxinic herbicides.
Vipan Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Herbicide-Resistant Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) in North America: A Review
Weed Science, 2018Co-Authors: Vipan Kumar, Mithila Jugulam, Prashant Jha, Ramawatar Yadav, Phillip W. StahlmanAbstract:Kochia [ Bassia Scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott] is a problematic annual broadleaf weed species in the North American Great Plains. Bassia Scoparia inherits unique biological characteristics that contribute to its propensity to evolve herbicide resistance. Evolution of glyphosate resistance in B. Scoparia has become a serious threat to the major cropping systems and soil conservation practices in the region. Bassia Scoparia populations with resistance to four different herbicide sites of action are a concern for growers. The widespread occurrence of multiple herbicide–resistant (HR) B. Scoparia across the North American Great Plains has renewed research efforts to devise integrated weed management strategies beyond herbicide use. In this review, we aim to compile and document the growing body of literature on HR B. Scoparia with emphasis on herbicide-resistance evolutionary dynamics, distribution, mechanisms of evolved resistance, agronomic impacts, and current/future weed management technologies. We focused on ecologically based, non-herbicidal strategies such as diverse crop rotations comprising winter cereals and perennial forages, enhanced crop competition, cover crops, harvest weed seed control (HWSC), and tillage to manage HR B. Scoparia seedbanks. Remote sensing using hyperspectral imaging and other sensor-based technologies would be valuable for early detection and rapid response and site-specific herbicide resistance management. We propose research priorities based on an improved understanding of the biology, genetic diversity, and plasticity of this weed that will aid in preserving existing herbicide resources and designing sustainable, integrated HR B. Scoparia mitigation plans.
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Differential Germination Characteristics of Dicamba-Resistant Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) Populations in Response to Temperature
Weed Science, 2018Co-Authors: Vipan Kumar, Prashant Jha, Charlemagne A. Lim, Phillip W. StahlmanAbstract:Dicamba-resistant (DR) kochia [Bassia Scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott] has been reported in six U.S. states and one Canadian province. To develop effective B. Scoparia control tactics, it is necessary to understand the seed germination pattern of DR B. Scoparia. The objective of this study was to compare the germination characteristics of DR versus dicamba-susceptible (DS) B. Scoparia populations from Montana and Kansas under constant (5 to 35 C) and/or alternating temperatures (5/10 to 30/35 C). DR B. Scoparia lines from Montana were generated after three generations of recurrent selection of field-collected populations with dicamba. Seeds of DR or DS lines from Kansas were obtained after one generation of restricted self-pollination. DR B. Scoparia lines from both Montana and Kansas had a lower maximum cumulative germination than the DS lines across all temperature treatments. A majority of DR B. Scoparia lines from Montana showed a temperature-mediated seed germination response, with a higher thermal requirement (30 to 35 C or 25/30 to 30/35 C) to attain the maximum cumulative germination compared with DS lines. Germination rates at 5 to 30 C were lower for DR versus DS B. Scoparia lines from Kansas. All DR lines from Montana took more time than DS lines to initiate germination at 5 and 10 C or 5/10 and 20/25 C. Similarly, there was a delayed onset of germination of the DR versus DS line from Kansas at 5, 10, 15, and 20 C. Furthermore, the DR B. Scoparia from both Kansas and Montana had a slower germination pattern relative to the DS B. Scoparia. Diversified crop rotations using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), fall-sown cover crops, or early-spring planted crops (e.g., wheat or barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]) that are competitive against lateemerging B. Scoparia in conjunction with strategic tillage and late-season weed control tactics should be used to facilitate depletion of DR B. Scoparia seedbanks.
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EPSPS Gene Copy Number and Whole-Plant Glyphosate Resistance Level in Kochia Scoparia
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Todd A. Gaines, Vipan Kumar, Prashant Jha, Abigail L. Barker, Eric L. Patterson, Philip Westra, Eric P. Westra, Robert G. Wilson, Andrew R. KnissAbstract:Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Kochia Scoparia has evolved in dryland chemical fallow systems throughout North America and the mechanism of resistance involves 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene duplication. Agricultural fields in four states were surveyed for K. Scoparia in 2013 and tested for glyphosate-resistance level and EPSPS gene copy number. Glyphosate resistance was confirmed in K. Scoparia populations collected from sugarbeet fields in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and Montana. Glyphosate resistance was also confirmed in K. Scoparia accessions collected from wheat-fallow fields in Montana. All GR samples had increased EPSPS gene copy number, with median population values up to 11 from sugarbeet fields and up to 13 in Montana wheat-fallow fields. The results indicate that glyphosate susceptibility can be accurately diagnosed using EPSPS gene copy number.
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differences in germination growth and fecundity characteristics of dicamba fluroxypyr resistant and susceptible kochia Scoparia
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Vipan Kumar, Prashant JhaAbstract:The widespread occurrence of herbicide-resistant (HR) Kochia Scoparia is an increasing concern for growers in the US Great Plains and Canada. K. Scoparia populations resistant to dicamba have been reported in six US states. Populations cross-resistant to dicamba and fluroxypyr have been reported from wheat fields in Montana, USA. It is unclear whether resistance to the auxinic herbicides (dicamba and/or fluroxypyr), can alter the fitness traits of K. Scoparia. The objectives of this research were to compare the germination dynamics in response to thermal environment, vegetative growth and fecundity characteristics, and the relative competitive ability of dicamba-fluroxypyr-susceptible (S) vs.-resistant (R) K. Scoparia selected from within a single segregating population (collected from wheat-fallow field in MT). S and R selected lines were developed after three generations of recurrent group selection. Compared to the S selected line, the R selected line had lower cumulative germination at all constant temperatures except 25°C, and at all alternating temperatures except 30/35°C. Also, the R selected line had delayed germination relative to the S selected line. The R had lower plant height, plant width, primary branches, total leaf area, stem diameter, and shoot dry weight compared with the S plants in the absence of competition. The reduction in seed production per plant resulted in a 39% fitness cost. The 1000-seed weight of R (1.6 g) was also less than that of S (2.6 g). When grown in an intraspecific competition at different mixture proportions, replacement series indices for the growth parameters further indicated that the R was less competitive than the S. Evident from this research, the dicamba-fluroxypyr-resistant R selected line is less likely to persist in a field population in the absence of the auxinic herbicides.
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Growth and Reproduction of Glyphosate-Resistant and Susceptible Populations of Kochia Scoparia
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Vipan Kumar, Prashant JhaAbstract:Evolution of glyphosate-resistant kochia is a threat to no-till wheat-fallow and glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems of the US Great Plains. The EPSPS (5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in the tested Kochia Scoparia (L.) Schrad populations from Montana. Experiments were conducted in spring to fall 2014 (run 1) and summer 2014 to spring 2015 (run 2) to investigate the growth and reproductive traits of the GR vs. glyphosate-susceptible (SUS) populations of K. Scoparia and to determine the relationship of EPSPS gene amplification with the level of glyphosate resistance. GR K. Scoparia inbred lines (CHES01 and JOP01) exhibited 2 to 14 relative copies of the EPSPS gene compared with the SUS inbred line with only one copy. In the absence of glyphosate, no differences in growth and reproductive parameters were evident between the tested GR and SUS inbred lines, across an intraspecific competition gradient (1 to 170 plants m-2). GR K. Scoparia plants with 2 to 4 copies of the EPSPS gene survived the field-use rate (870 g ha-1) of glyphosate, but failed to survive the 4,350 g ha-1 rate of glyphosate (five-times the field-use rate). In contrast, GR plants with 5 to 14 EPSPS gene copies survived the 4,350 g ha-1 of glyphosate. The results from this research indicate that GR K. Scoparia with 5 or more EPSPS gene copies will most likely persist in field populations, irrespective of glyphosate selection pressure.
Mithila Jugulam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Glyphosate- and Dicamba-Resistant Genes Are Not Linked in Kochia ( Bassia Scoparia )
Weed Science, 2018Co-Authors: Allan K. Fritz, Phillip W. Stahlman, Randall S. Currie, Mithila JugulamAbstract:Kochia [ Bassia Scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott] is one of the most troublesome weeds throughout the North American Great Plains. Herbicides such as glyphosate and dicamba have been used widely to control B. Scoparia for decades. However, many B. Scoparia populations have evolved resistance to these herbicides due to selection. Especially, dicamba-resistant B. Scoparia populations are often also found to be glyphosate-resistant. The objective of this research was to determine whether these two herbicide resistances are linked in B. Scoparia. Reciprocal crosses were performed between glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant (GDR) and glyphosate- and dicamba-susceptible (GDS) B. Scoparia to produce F 1 and F 2 progeny. Two F 1 and seven F 2 progeny families were screened with various doses of dicamba or glyphosate. All the F 1 progeny survived both dicamba and glyphosate treatments. Chi-square analyses of F 2 progeny suggest (1) glyphosate and dicamba resistances in B. Scoparia are inherited via single, dominant nuclear genes; and (2) glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant genes are not linked. Thus, the dicamba and glyphosate resistances appear to have evolved independently due to intense selection but do not seem to spread together.
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Herbicide-Resistant Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) in North America: A Review
Weed Science, 2018Co-Authors: Vipan Kumar, Mithila Jugulam, Prashant Jha, Ramawatar Yadav, Phillip W. StahlmanAbstract:Kochia [ Bassia Scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott] is a problematic annual broadleaf weed species in the North American Great Plains. Bassia Scoparia inherits unique biological characteristics that contribute to its propensity to evolve herbicide resistance. Evolution of glyphosate resistance in B. Scoparia has become a serious threat to the major cropping systems and soil conservation practices in the region. Bassia Scoparia populations with resistance to four different herbicide sites of action are a concern for growers. The widespread occurrence of multiple herbicide–resistant (HR) B. Scoparia across the North American Great Plains has renewed research efforts to devise integrated weed management strategies beyond herbicide use. In this review, we aim to compile and document the growing body of literature on HR B. Scoparia with emphasis on herbicide-resistance evolutionary dynamics, distribution, mechanisms of evolved resistance, agronomic impacts, and current/future weed management technologies. We focused on ecologically based, non-herbicidal strategies such as diverse crop rotations comprising winter cereals and perennial forages, enhanced crop competition, cover crops, harvest weed seed control (HWSC), and tillage to manage HR B. Scoparia seedbanks. Remote sensing using hyperspectral imaging and other sensor-based technologies would be valuable for early detection and rapid response and site-specific herbicide resistance management. We propose research priorities based on an improved understanding of the biology, genetic diversity, and plasticity of this weed that will aid in preserving existing herbicide resources and designing sustainable, integrated HR B. Scoparia mitigation plans.
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increased chalcone synthase chs expression is associated with dicamba resistance in kochia Scoparia
Pest Management Science, 2018Co-Authors: Dean Pettinga, Mithila Jugulam, Eric L. Patterson, Philip Westra, Todd A. GainesAbstract:BACKGROUND Resistance to the synthetic auxin herbicide dicamba is increasingly problematic in Kochia Scoparia. The resistance mechanism in an inbred dicamba-resistant K. Scoparia line (9425R) was investigated using physiological and transcriptomics (RNA-Seq) approaches. RESULTS No differences were found in dicamba absorption or metabolism between 9425R and a dicamba-susceptible line, but 9425R was found to have significantly reduced dicamba translocation. Known auxin-responsive genes ACC synthase (ACS) and indole-3-acetic acid amino synthetase (GH3) were transcriptionally induced following dicamba treatment in dicamba-susceptible K. Scoparia but not in 9425R. Chalcone synthase (CHS), the gene regulating synthesis of the flavonols quertecin and kaemperfol, was found to have two-fold higher transcription in 9425R both without and 12 h after dicamba treatment. Increased CHS transcription co-segregated with dicamba resistance in a forward genetics screen using an F2 population. CONCLUSION Prior work has shown that the flavonols quertecin and kaemperfol compete with auxin for intercellular movement and vascular loading via ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) membrane transporters. The results of this study support a model in which constitutively increased CHS expression in the meristem produces more flavonols that would compete with dicamba for intercellular transport by ABCB transporters, resulting in reduced dicamba translocation.
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Reduced Translocation of Glyphosate and Dicamba in Combination Contributes to Poor Control of Kochia Scoparia: Evidence of Herbicide Antagonism
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Junjun Ou, Curtis R. Thompson, Nicholas Bloedow, Phillip W. Stahlman, Mithila JugulamAbstract:Kochia Scoparia is a troublesome weed across the Great Plains of North America. Glyphosate and dicamba have been used for decades to control K. Scoparia . Due to extensive selection, glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant (GDR) K. Scoparia have evolved in the USA. Herbicide mixtures are routinely used to improve weed control. Herbicide interactions if result in an antagonistic effect can significantly affect the management of weeds, such as K. Scoparia . To uncover the interaction of glyphosate and dicamba when applied in combination in K. Scoparia management the efficacies of different doses of glyphosate plus dicamba were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions using GDR and a known glyphosate- and dicamba-susceptible (GDS) K. Scoparia . The results of greenhouse and field studies suggest that the combination of glyphosate and dicamba application controlled GDS, but glyphosate alone provided a better control of GDR K. Scoparia compared to glyphosate plus dicamba combinations. Furthermore, investigation of the basis of this response suggested glyphosate and dicamba interact antagonistically and consequently, the translocation of both herbicides was significantly reduced resulting in poor control of K. Scoparia . Therefore, a combination of glyphosate plus dicamba may not be a viable option to control GDR K. Scoparia .
Junjun Ou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reduced Translocation of Glyphosate and Dicamba in Combination Contributes to Poor Control of Kochia Scoparia: Evidence of Herbicide Antagonism
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Junjun Ou, Curtis R. Thompson, Nicholas Bloedow, Phillip W. Stahlman, Mithila JugulamAbstract:Kochia Scoparia is a troublesome weed across the Great Plains of North America. Glyphosate and dicamba have been used for decades to control K. Scoparia . Due to extensive selection, glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant (GDR) K. Scoparia have evolved in the USA. Herbicide mixtures are routinely used to improve weed control. Herbicide interactions if result in an antagonistic effect can significantly affect the management of weeds, such as K. Scoparia . To uncover the interaction of glyphosate and dicamba when applied in combination in K. Scoparia management the efficacies of different doses of glyphosate plus dicamba were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions using GDR and a known glyphosate- and dicamba-susceptible (GDS) K. Scoparia . The results of greenhouse and field studies suggest that the combination of glyphosate and dicamba application controlled GDS, but glyphosate alone provided a better control of GDR K. Scoparia compared to glyphosate plus dicamba combinations. Furthermore, investigation of the basis of this response suggested glyphosate and dicamba interact antagonistically and consequently, the translocation of both herbicides was significantly reduced resulting in poor control of K. Scoparia . Therefore, a combination of glyphosate plus dicamba may not be a viable option to control GDR K. Scoparia .
Ramesh R Bhonde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antidiabetic effects of scoparic acid d isolated from Scoparia dulcis in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes
Natural Product Research, 2009Co-Authors: Muniappan Latha, Leelavinothan Pari, Kunga Mohan Ramkumar, P Rajaguru, T Suresh, Thangavel Dhanabal, Sandhya L Sitasawad, Ramesh R BhondeAbstract:We evaluated the antihyperglycaemic effect of scoparic acid D (SAD), a diterpenoid isolated from the ethanol extract of Scoparia dulcis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. SAD was administered orally at a dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg kg−1 bodyweight for 15 days. At the end of the experimental period, the SAD-treated STZ diabetic rats showed decreased levels of glucose as compared with diabetic control rats. The improvement in blood glucose levels of SAD-treated rats was associated with a significant increase in plasma insulin levels. SAD at a dose of 20 mg kg−1 bodyweight exhibited a significant effect when compared with other doses. Further, the effect of SAD was tested on STZ-treated rat insulinoma cell lines (RINm5F cells) and isolated islets in vitro. SAD at a dose of 20 µg mL−1 evoked two-fold stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated islets, indicating its insulin secretagogue activity. Further, SAD protected STZ-mediated cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production in RINm5...
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Insulin-secretagogue activity and cytoprotective role of the traditional antidiabetic plant Scoparia dulcis (Sweet Broomweed)
Life Sciences, 2004Co-Authors: Muniappan Latha, Leelavinothan Pari, Sandhya L Sitasawad, Ramesh R BhondeAbstract:Scoparia dulcis (Sweet Broomweed) has been documented as a traditional treatment of diabetes. The administration of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the blood glucose with significant increase in plasma insulin level in streptozotocin diabetic rats at the end of 15 days treatment. The insulin secretagogue action of Scoparia dulcis plant extract (SPEt) was further investigated using isolated pancreatic islets from mice. SPEt at a dose of 10 μg/ml evoked 6.0 fold stimulation of insulin secretion from isolated islets indicating its insulin secretagogue activity. In addition the effect of SPEt on streptozotocin induced cell death and nitric oxide (NO) in terms of nitrite production were also examined. SPEt protected against streptozotocin- mediated cytotoxicity (88%) and NO production in rat insulinoma cell line (RINm5F). Above results suggest the glucose lowering effect of SPEt to be associated with potentiation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Our results revealed the possible therapeutic value of Scoparia dulcis for the better control, management and prevention of diabetes mellitus progression.
