The Experts below are selected from a list of 125694 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yehuda Shoenfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The kaleidoscope of Autoimmunity: multiple autoimmune syndromes and familial Autoimmunity.
Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Juan-manuel Anaya, Rodrigo Corena, John Castiblanco, Adriana Rojas-villarraga, Yehuda ShoenfeldAbstract:Three related lines of evidence sustain the common origin for autoimmune diseases (ADs). First, the clinical evidence corresponding to the kaleidoscope of Autoimmunity, which is the co-occurrence of various ADs within an individual or co-occurrence within members of a nuclear family. Second, the physiopathologic evidence indicating that the pathologic mechanisms might be similar among ADs. Last, the genetic evidence indicating that autoimmune phenotypes could represent pleiotropic outcomes of nonspecific disease genes. The two conditions that better illustrate the kaleidoscope of Autoimmunity are multiple autoimmune syndromes and familial Autoimmunity. The multiple autoimmune syndromes consist of the presence of three or more well-defined autoimmune conditions in a single patient. The familial Autoimmunity is defined as the presence of diverse ADs on multiple members of a nuclear family. Herein, both the multiple autoimmune syndromes and familial Autoimmunity are discussed and various epidemiological fact...
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Progestogens and Autoimmunity
Progestogens in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020Co-Authors: Abraham Tsur, Grant C. Hughes, Yehuda ShoenfeldAbstract:The immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones are a major factor leading to sexual dimorphism of the human immune system and to the higher susceptibility of females to autoimmune diseases. Data regarding the immunomodulatory effect of estrogens are abundant, but far less is known about progestogens. Recent data indicate that female sex hormones influence immunity and Autoimmunity in very different ways: estrogens generally enhance the immune response and increase susceptibility to Autoimmunity, while progestogens protect against Autoimmunity.
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The Decade of Autoimmunity - Prolactin and Autoimmunity.
Frontiers in Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Vânia Vieira Borba, Gisele Zandman-goddard, Yehuda ShoenfeldAbstract:The great asymmetry of autoimmune diseases between genders represents one of the most enigmatic observations among the mosaic of Autoimmunity. Sex hormones, are believed to play a crucial role on this dimorphism. The higher prevalence of Autoimmunity among women at child-bearing ages, disease onset/relapses during pregnancy and post-partum are some of the arguments that support this hypothesis. Certainly, motherhood represents one of the most remarkable challenges for the immune system, which not only has to allow for the conceptus, but also deal with complex endocrine alterations. Hormonal homeostasis is known to exert a crucial influence in achieving a competent and healthy immune system. Prolactin has a bioactive function acting as a hormone and a cytokine. It interferes with immune system modulation, mainly inhibiting the negative selection of autoreactive B lymphocytes. Likewise, hyperprolactinemia has been described in relation to the pathogenesis and activity of several autoimmune disorders. Dopamine is an effective inhibitor of prolactin secretion due either a direct influence on the hypophysis or stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus, arousing the release of the prolactin inhibitory factor. Hence, dopamine agonists have proven to offer clinical benefits among autoimmune patients and represents a promising therapy to be explored. In this review, we attempt to provide a critical overview of the link between prolactin, autoimmune diseases and motherhood.
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Microbiota at the crossroads of Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Oded Shamriz, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Hila Mizrahi, Michal Werbner, Orly Avni, Omry KorenAbstract:Autoimmune diseases have a multifactorial etiology including genetic and environmental factors. Recently, there has been increased appreciation of the critical involvement of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of Autoimmunity, although in many cases, the cause and the consequence are not easy to distinguish. Here, we suggest that many of the known cues affecting the function of the immune system, such as genetics, gender, pregnancy and diet, which are consequently involved in Autoimmunity, exert their effects by influencing, at least in part, the microbiota composition and activity. This, in turn, modulates the immune response in a way that increases the risk for Autoimmunity in predisposed individuals. We further discuss current microbiota-based therapies.
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Novel pebbles in the mosaic of Autoimmunity
BMC Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Carlo Perricone, Nancy Agmon-levin, Yehuda ShoenfeldAbstract:Almost 25 years ago, the concept of the ‘mosaic of Autoimmunity’ was introduced to the scientific community, and since then this concept has continuously evolved, with new pebbles being added regularly. We are now looking at an era in which the players of Autoimmunity have changed names and roles. In this issue of BMC Medicine , several aspects of Autoimmunity have been addressed, suggesting that we are now at the forefront of Autoimmunity science. Within the environmental factors generating Autoimmunity are now included unsuspected molecules such as vitamin D and aluminum. Some adjuvants such as aluminum are recognized as causal factors in the development of the autoimmune response. An entirely new syndrome, the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA), has been recently described. This is the new wind blowing within the branches of Autoimmunity, adding knowledge to physicians for helping patients with autoimmune disease.
Marian Rewers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gluten intake and risk of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study In the Young (DAISY)
Endocrine, 2020Co-Authors: Jacqueline A. Gardner, Randi K. Johnson, Fran Dong, Michelle Hoffman, Andrea K. Steck, Brigitte I. Frohnert, Marian Rewers, Jill M. NorrisAbstract:Purpose Autoimmune diseases co-occur, perhaps due to common risk factors. The age at gluten introduction and gluten intake in early childhood has been associated with the Autoimmunity preceding celiac disease (CD) and type-1 diabetes (T1D). We explored their associations with the development of thyroid Autoimmunity. Methods DAISY has prospectively followed children at increased risk for T1D and CD since 1993. During follow-up, 107 children developed thyroid Autoimmunity, defined as positivity for autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase on at least two study visits. Age at gluten introduction was ascertained from food history interviews every 3 months until 15 months of age. Gluten intake (g/day) at age 1–2 years was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Results From multivariable Cox regression, there was no association between the age of gluten introduction nor the amount of gluten intake and development of thyroid Autoimmunity. However, females (hazard ratio = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.46, 3.27) and cases of islet Autoimmunity (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.50) were significantly more likely to develop thyroid Autoimmunity, while exposure to environmental tobacco smoke decreased the risk (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.71). Conclusions Neither the age of gluten introduction nor the amount of gluten consumed in early childhood is associated with risk of thyroid Autoimmunity.
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Late-onset islet Autoimmunity in childhood: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY).
Diabetologia, 2017Co-Authors: Brigitte I. Frohnert, Fran Dong, Andrea K. Steck, Jill M. Norris, Anna E. Barón, Marian RewersAbstract:Aims/hypothesis We sought to assess the frequency, determinants and prognosis for future diabetes in individuals with islet Autoimmunity and whether these factors differ depending on the age of onset of islet Autoimmunity.
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association of early exposure of probiotics and islet Autoimmunity in the teddy study
JAMA Pediatrics, 2016Co-Authors: Ulla Uusitalo, Marian Rewers, Jimin Yang, Carin Andren Aronsson, Sandra Hummel, Martha Butterworth, Ake Lernmark, William Hagopian, Olli Simell, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Importance Probiotics have been hypothesized to affect immunologic responses to environmental exposures by supporting healthy gut microbiota and could therefore theoretically be used to prevent the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)–associated islet Autoimmunity. Objective To examine the association between supplemental probiotic use during the first year of life and islet Autoimmunity among children at increased genetic risk of T1DM. Design, Setting, and Participants In this ongoing prospective cohort study that started September 1, 2004, children from 6 clinical centers, 3 in the United States (Colorado, Georgia/Florida, and Washington) and 3 in Europe (Finland, Germany, and Sweden), were followed up for T1DM-related autoantibodies. Blood samples were collected every 3 months between 3 and 48 months of age and every 6 months thereafter to determine persistent islet Autoimmunity. Details of infant feeding, including probiotic supplementation and infant formula use, were monitored from birth using questionnaires and diaries. We applied time-to-event analysis to study the association between probiotic use and islet Autoimmunity, stratifying by country and adjusting for family history of type 1 diabetes, HLA-DR-DQ genotypes, sex, birth order, mode of delivery, exclusive breastfeeding, birth year, child’s antibiotic use, and diarrheal history, as well as maternal age, probiotic use, and smoking. Altogether 8676 infants with an eligible genotype were enrolled in the follow-up study before the age of 4 months. The final sample consisted of 7473 children with the age range of 4 to 10 years (as of October 31, 2014). Exposures Early intake of probiotics. Main Outcomes and Measures Islet Autoimmunity revealed by specific islet autoantibodies. Results Early probiotic supplementation (at the age of 0-27 days) was associated with a decreased risk of islet Autoimmunity when compared with probiotic supplementation after 27 days or no probiotic supplementation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94). The association was accounted for by children with the DR3/4 genotype (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.74) and was absent among other genotypes (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.62-1.54). Conclusions and Relevance Early probiotic supplementation may reduce the risk of islet Autoimmunity in children at the highest genetic risk of T1DM. The result needs to be confirmed in further studies before any recommendation of probiotics use is made.
Jill M. Norris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gluten intake and risk of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study In the Young (DAISY)
Endocrine, 2020Co-Authors: Jacqueline A. Gardner, Randi K. Johnson, Fran Dong, Michelle Hoffman, Andrea K. Steck, Brigitte I. Frohnert, Marian Rewers, Jill M. NorrisAbstract:Purpose Autoimmune diseases co-occur, perhaps due to common risk factors. The age at gluten introduction and gluten intake in early childhood has been associated with the Autoimmunity preceding celiac disease (CD) and type-1 diabetes (T1D). We explored their associations with the development of thyroid Autoimmunity. Methods DAISY has prospectively followed children at increased risk for T1D and CD since 1993. During follow-up, 107 children developed thyroid Autoimmunity, defined as positivity for autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase on at least two study visits. Age at gluten introduction was ascertained from food history interviews every 3 months until 15 months of age. Gluten intake (g/day) at age 1–2 years was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Results From multivariable Cox regression, there was no association between the age of gluten introduction nor the amount of gluten intake and development of thyroid Autoimmunity. However, females (hazard ratio = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.46, 3.27) and cases of islet Autoimmunity (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.50) were significantly more likely to develop thyroid Autoimmunity, while exposure to environmental tobacco smoke decreased the risk (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.71). Conclusions Neither the age of gluten introduction nor the amount of gluten consumed in early childhood is associated with risk of thyroid Autoimmunity.
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Late-onset islet Autoimmunity in childhood: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY).
Diabetologia, 2017Co-Authors: Brigitte I. Frohnert, Fran Dong, Andrea K. Steck, Jill M. Norris, Anna E. Barón, Marian RewersAbstract:Aims/hypothesis We sought to assess the frequency, determinants and prognosis for future diabetes in individuals with islet Autoimmunity and whether these factors differ depending on the age of onset of islet Autoimmunity.
Michael G Kenward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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food consumption and advanced β cell Autoimmunity in young children with hla conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes a nested case control design
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Suvi M Virtanen, Jaakko Nevalainen, Carina Kronbergkippila, Suvi Ahonen, Heli Tapanainen, Liisa Uusitalo, Hannamari Takkinen, Sari Niinisto, Marjaleena Ovaskainen, Michael G KenwardAbstract:Background: Evidence for the role of food consumption during childhood in the development of beta cell Autoimmunity is scarce and fragmentary. Objective: We set out to study the associations of longitudinal food consumption in children with the development of advanced beta cell Autoimmunity. Design: Children with advanced beta cell Autoimmunity (n = 232) (ie, with repeated positivity for antibodies against islet cells) together with positivity for at least one of the other 3 antibodies analyzed or clinical type 1 diabetes were identified from a prospective birth cohort of 6069 infants with HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to type I diabetes who were born in 1996-2004, with the longest follow-up to the age of 11 y. Repeated 3-d food records were completed by the families and daycare personnel. Diabetes-associated autoantibodies and diets were measured at 3-12-mo intervals. Four control subjects, who were matched for birth date, sex, area, and genetic risk, were randomly selected for each case. Results: in the main food groups, only intakes of cow-milk products (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10) and fruit and berry juices (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.12) were significantly, although marginally, associated with advanced beta cell Autoimmunity. The consumption of fresh milk products and cow milk-based infant formulas was related to the endpoint, whereas no evidence was shown for consumption of sour milk products and cheese. The intake of fat from all milk products and protein from fresh milk products was associated with risk of advanced beta cell Autoimmunity. Conclusion: Intakes of cow milk and fruit and berry juices could be related to the development of advanced beta cell Autoimmunity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as number NCT00223613. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:471-8.
Brigitte I. Frohnert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gluten intake and risk of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study In the Young (DAISY)
Endocrine, 2020Co-Authors: Jacqueline A. Gardner, Randi K. Johnson, Fran Dong, Michelle Hoffman, Andrea K. Steck, Brigitte I. Frohnert, Marian Rewers, Jill M. NorrisAbstract:Purpose Autoimmune diseases co-occur, perhaps due to common risk factors. The age at gluten introduction and gluten intake in early childhood has been associated with the Autoimmunity preceding celiac disease (CD) and type-1 diabetes (T1D). We explored their associations with the development of thyroid Autoimmunity. Methods DAISY has prospectively followed children at increased risk for T1D and CD since 1993. During follow-up, 107 children developed thyroid Autoimmunity, defined as positivity for autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase on at least two study visits. Age at gluten introduction was ascertained from food history interviews every 3 months until 15 months of age. Gluten intake (g/day) at age 1–2 years was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Results From multivariable Cox regression, there was no association between the age of gluten introduction nor the amount of gluten intake and development of thyroid Autoimmunity. However, females (hazard ratio = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.46, 3.27) and cases of islet Autoimmunity (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.50) were significantly more likely to develop thyroid Autoimmunity, while exposure to environmental tobacco smoke decreased the risk (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.71). Conclusions Neither the age of gluten introduction nor the amount of gluten consumed in early childhood is associated with risk of thyroid Autoimmunity.
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Late-onset islet Autoimmunity in childhood: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY).
Diabetologia, 2017Co-Authors: Brigitte I. Frohnert, Fran Dong, Andrea K. Steck, Jill M. Norris, Anna E. Barón, Marian RewersAbstract:Aims/hypothesis We sought to assess the frequency, determinants and prognosis for future diabetes in individuals with islet Autoimmunity and whether these factors differ depending on the age of onset of islet Autoimmunity.