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M Gillis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acidovorax valerianellae sp nov a novel pathogen of lamb s lettuce valerianella locusta l laterr
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Louis Gardan, D E Stead, Catherine Dauga, M GillisAbstract:Bacterial spot disease of lamb’s lettuce [Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.] was first observed in fields in 1991. This new bacterial disease is localized in western France in high-technology field production of lamb’s lettuce for the preparation of ready-to-use salad. Nineteen strains isolated in 1992 and 1993 from typical Black Leaf spots of naturally infected lamb’s lettuce were characterized and compared with reference strains of Acidovorax and Delftia. The pathogenicity of the 19 strains was confirmed by artificial inoculation. Biochemical and physiological tests, fatty acid profiles, DNA–DNA hybridization and other nucleic acid-based tests were performed. A numerical taxonomic analysis of the 19 lamb’s lettuce strains showed a single homogeneous phenon closely related to previously described phytopathogenic taxa of the genus Acidovorax. DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed that the lamb’s lettuce strains were 91–100 % related to a representative strain, strain CFBP 4730 T , and constituted a discrete DNA hybridization group, indicating that they belong to the same novel species. Results from DNA–rRNA hybridization, 16S rRNA sequence analysis and fatty acid analysis studies confirmed that this novel species belongs to the b-subclass of the Proteobacteria and, more specifically, to the family Comamonadaceae and the genus Acidovorax. The name Acidovorax valerianellae sp. nov. is proposed for this novel taxon of phytopathogenic bacteria. The type strain is strain CFBP 4730 T (=NCPPB 4283 T ). Lamb’s lettuce, also known as corn salad [Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.], was traditionally cultivated in France for use in salads in autumn and winter. Since 1985, advanced technology has been used for continuous, yearround cultivation; 90 % of French production (representing 75 % of world production) is concentrated in western France, near the Atlantic coast. The lettuce produced is used for sale traditionally, in trays, and for the preparation
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acidovorax valerianellae sp nov a novel pathogen of lamb s lettuce valerianella locusta l laterr
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Louis Gardan, D E Stead, Catherine Dauga, M GillisAbstract:Bacterial spot disease of lamb's lettuce [Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.] was first observed in fields in 1991. This new bacterial disease is localized in western France in high-technology field production of lamb's lettuce for the preparation of ready-to-use salad. Nineteen strains isolated in 1992 and 1993 from typical Black Leaf spots of naturally infected lamb's lettuce were characterized and compared with reference strains of Acidovorax and Delftia. The pathogenicity of the 19 strains was confirmed by artificial inoculation. Biochemical and physiological tests, fatty acid profiles, DNA-DNA hybridization and other nucleic acid-based tests were performed. A numerical taxonomic analysis of the 19 lamb's lettuce strains showed a single homogeneous phenon closely related to previously described phytopathogenic taxa of the genus Acidovorax. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that the lamb's lettuce strains were 91-100% related to a representative strain, strain CFBP 4730(T), and constituted a discrete DNA hybridization group, indicating that they belong to the same novel species. Results from DNA-rRNA hybridization, 16S rRNA sequence analysis and fatty acid analysis studies confirmed that this novel species belongs to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria and, more specifically, to the family Comamonadaceae and the genus Acidovorax. The name Acidovorax valerianellae sp. nov. is proposed for this novel taxon of phytopathogenic bacteria. The type strain is strain CFBP 4730(T) (= NCPPB 4283(T)).
Louis Gardan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acidovorax valerianellae sp nov a novel pathogen of lamb s lettuce valerianella locusta l laterr
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Louis Gardan, D E Stead, Catherine Dauga, M GillisAbstract:Bacterial spot disease of lamb’s lettuce [Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.] was first observed in fields in 1991. This new bacterial disease is localized in western France in high-technology field production of lamb’s lettuce for the preparation of ready-to-use salad. Nineteen strains isolated in 1992 and 1993 from typical Black Leaf spots of naturally infected lamb’s lettuce were characterized and compared with reference strains of Acidovorax and Delftia. The pathogenicity of the 19 strains was confirmed by artificial inoculation. Biochemical and physiological tests, fatty acid profiles, DNA–DNA hybridization and other nucleic acid-based tests were performed. A numerical taxonomic analysis of the 19 lamb’s lettuce strains showed a single homogeneous phenon closely related to previously described phytopathogenic taxa of the genus Acidovorax. DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed that the lamb’s lettuce strains were 91–100 % related to a representative strain, strain CFBP 4730 T , and constituted a discrete DNA hybridization group, indicating that they belong to the same novel species. Results from DNA–rRNA hybridization, 16S rRNA sequence analysis and fatty acid analysis studies confirmed that this novel species belongs to the b-subclass of the Proteobacteria and, more specifically, to the family Comamonadaceae and the genus Acidovorax. The name Acidovorax valerianellae sp. nov. is proposed for this novel taxon of phytopathogenic bacteria. The type strain is strain CFBP 4730 T (=NCPPB 4283 T ). Lamb’s lettuce, also known as corn salad [Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.], was traditionally cultivated in France for use in salads in autumn and winter. Since 1985, advanced technology has been used for continuous, yearround cultivation; 90 % of French production (representing 75 % of world production) is concentrated in western France, near the Atlantic coast. The lettuce produced is used for sale traditionally, in trays, and for the preparation
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acidovorax valerianellae sp nov a novel pathogen of lamb s lettuce valerianella locusta l laterr
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Louis Gardan, D E Stead, Catherine Dauga, M GillisAbstract:Bacterial spot disease of lamb's lettuce [Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.] was first observed in fields in 1991. This new bacterial disease is localized in western France in high-technology field production of lamb's lettuce for the preparation of ready-to-use salad. Nineteen strains isolated in 1992 and 1993 from typical Black Leaf spots of naturally infected lamb's lettuce were characterized and compared with reference strains of Acidovorax and Delftia. The pathogenicity of the 19 strains was confirmed by artificial inoculation. Biochemical and physiological tests, fatty acid profiles, DNA-DNA hybridization and other nucleic acid-based tests were performed. A numerical taxonomic analysis of the 19 lamb's lettuce strains showed a single homogeneous phenon closely related to previously described phytopathogenic taxa of the genus Acidovorax. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that the lamb's lettuce strains were 91-100% related to a representative strain, strain CFBP 4730(T), and constituted a discrete DNA hybridization group, indicating that they belong to the same novel species. Results from DNA-rRNA hybridization, 16S rRNA sequence analysis and fatty acid analysis studies confirmed that this novel species belongs to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria and, more specifically, to the family Comamonadaceae and the genus Acidovorax. The name Acidovorax valerianellae sp. nov. is proposed for this novel taxon of phytopathogenic bacteria. The type strain is strain CFBP 4730(T) (= NCPPB 4283(T)).
Alice C L Churchill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mycosphaerella fijiensis the Black Leaf streak pathogen of banana progress towards understanding pathogen biology and detection disease development and the challenges of control
Molecular Plant Pathology, 2011Co-Authors: Alice C L ChurchillAbstract:SUMMARY Background: Banana (Musa spp.) is grown throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.The fruits are a key staple food in many developing countries and a source of income for subsistence farmers. Bananas are also a major, multibilliondollar export commodity for consumption primarily in developed countries, where few banana cultivars are grown. The fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis causes Black Leaf streak disease (BLSD; aka Black Sigatoka Leaf spot) on the majority of edible banana cultivars grown worldwide.The fact that most of these cultivars are sterile and unsuitable for the breeding of resistant lines necessitates the extensive use of fungicides as the primary means of disease control. BLSD is a significant threat to the food security of resource-poor populations who cannot afford fungicides, and increases the environmental and health hazards where large-acreage monocultures of banana (Cavendish subgroup, AAA genome) are grown for export. Taxonomy: Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet is a sexual, heterothallic fungus having Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton as the anamorph stage. It is a haploid, hemibiotrophic ascomycete within the class Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales and family Mycosphaerellaceae. Its taxonomic placement is based on DNA phylogeny, morphological analyses and cultural characteristics. Disease symptoms and host range:Mycosphaerella fijiensis is a Leaf pathogen that causes reddish-brown streaks running parallel to the Leaf veins, which aggregate to form larger, darkbrown to Black compound streaks.These streaks eventually form fusiform or elliptical lesions that coalesce, form a water-soaked border with a yellow halo and,eventually,merge to cause extensive Leaf necrosis. The disease does not kill the plants immediately, but weakens them by decreasing the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, causing a reduction in the quantity and quality of fruit, and inducing the premature ripening of fruit harvested from infected plants. Although Musa spp. are the primary hosts of M. fijiensis, the ornamental plant Heliconia psittacorum has been reported as an alternative host. New opportunities: Several valuable tools and resources have been developed to overcome some of the challenges of studying this host‐pathogen system. These include a DNAmediated fungal transformation system and the ability to conduct targeted gene disruptions, reliable quantitative plant bioassays,diagnostic probes to detect and differentiate M. fijiensis from related pathogens and to distinguish strains of different mating types, and a genome sequence that has revealed a wealth of gene sequences and molecular markers to be utilized in functional and population biology studies.
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a quantitative assay using mycelial fragments to assess virulence of mycosphaerella fijiensis
Phytopathology, 2007Co-Authors: Bruno G G Donzelli, Alice C L ChurchillAbstract:Donzelli, B. G. G, and Churchill, A. C. L. 2007. A quantitative assay using mycelial fragments to assess virulence of Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Phytopathology 97:916-929. We describe a method to evaluate the virulence of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of Black Leaf streak disease (BLSD) of banana and plantain. The method is based on the delivery of weighed slurries of fragmented mycelia by camel’s hair brush to 5-by-5-cm areas on the abaxial surface of banana Leaf blades. Reliable BLSD development was attained in an environmental growth chamber with stringent lighting and humidity controls. By localizing inoculum onto small areas of large leaves, we achieved a dramatic increase in the number of strains that can be tested on each Leaf and plant, which is critical for comparing the virulence of numerous strains concurrently. Image analysis software was used to measure the percentage of each inoculated Leaf section showing BLSD symptoms over time. We demonstrated that the level of disease of four isolates was correlated with the weight of the mycelium applied and relatively insensitive to the degree of fragmentation of hyphae. This is the first report demonstrating that weighed mycelial inoculum, combined with image analysis software to measure disease severity, can be used to quantitatively assess the virulence of M. fijiensis under rigorously controlled environmental conditions.
Irma Bowen Historic Clothing G. Collectio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dress, Black Leaf-patterned silk over mint green cotton, c. 1898, side view
University of New Hampshire Scholars\u27 Repository, 2019Co-Authors: Irma Bowen Historic Clothing G. CollectioAbstract:c. 1898. Two-piece dress of Black Leaf-patterned silk over green cotton, with a pouched bodice having full-length sleeves puffed at the shoulder, and a separate floor-length gored skirt with fullness in back. The color of this dress presents as a muted green with constantly shifting shadows of Black. The effect is achieved by layering a Black silk, made with plain and satin weave leaves on a leno weave ground, over a startlingly bright mint green cotton lining. The lining forms the fitted, structural part of the bodice and is made in eight pieces: two front panels each with two boned darts and one at the right opening, and a six-piece back constructed of two back panels with a center-back seam, flanked by two narrow curved panels on each side. All seams are boned, for a total of twelve stays. The bodice comes to a slight point at the front and back and rises to the base of the neck. It closes at center front with fifteen hooks and eyes. The cotton is flatlined to the sheer silk overlay at the side seams, shoulders, scye, and hem. The front edge of the overlay is not attached to the lining. The overlay has five pieces: two front panels knife pleated from the side front to the center to create a slightly pouched/pigeon-breast silhouette, two side panels, and one back panel pleated toward center back. The front panels have three horizontal tucks across the top of the bust, finished with lace and gathered into ruffles, and closes with six hooks from neck to waist. Above this, Black silk satin pleated into a 6.4 cm / 2.5 in. high band forms the collar, which is sewn to the bodice from center back to center front on the left side and hooks to the right shoulder before closing in back with two hooks. A fall of lace is sewn to both sides of the collar in back to form the frill fashionable for the time. Pleated Black silk satin also finishes the hem of the bodice in the form of a belt, which is sewn from the left front above the hip to center back where a permanent three-lobed bow is added, continuing around to the center front where it forms a slight point. It extends past the bodice opening to wrap around to the left hip, hooking closed beneath a small two-lobed bow. The sleeves are full length, with a curved two-seam construction. They have large bifurcated puffs at the shoulder constructed with sewn folds, but beneath this they are fitted tightly to the rest of the arm. At the wrist the sleeves end in three triangular points splaying over the hand, with a lace ruffle emerging beneath them. The lining is fitted smoothly throughout the sleeves, but the overlay lies flat only on the inside of the arm. On the outside, a vertical tuck finished with lace is gathered into a frill and the fabric on either side of this is folded into large horizontal pleats. The separate floor-length skirt has three layers of fabric, with the mint green cotton and Black silk overlay flatlined to an olive-green polished cotton lining. There are seven gored panels: one at center-front and two at each side which lie smoothly at the waist, and two in back where the fullness is controlled with double inverted box pleats flanking and hiding the center-back opening. There is a 4.4 cm / 1.75 in. high Black satin ribbon ruffle at the hem. Machine-sewn and hand-sewn.https://scholars.unh.edu/bowen_collection/1827/thumbnail.jp
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Dress, Black Leaf-patterned silk over mint green cotton, c. 1898, detail of sleeve
University of New Hampshire Scholars\u27 Repository, 2019Co-Authors: Irma Bowen Historic Clothing G. CollectioAbstract:c. 1898. Two-piece dress of Black Leaf-patterned silk over green cotton, with a pouched bodice having full-length sleeves puffed at the shoulder, and a separate floor-length gored skirt with fullness in back. The color of this dress presents as a muted green with constantly shifting shadows of Black. The effect is achieved by layering a Black silk, made with plain and satin weave leaves on a leno weave ground, over a startlingly bright mint green cotton lining. The lining forms the fitted, structural part of the bodice and is made in eight pieces: two front panels each with two boned darts and one at the right opening, and a six-piece back constructed of two back panels with a center-back seam, flanked by two narrow curved panels on each side. All seams are boned, for a total of twelve stays. The bodice comes to a slight point at the front and back and rises to the base of the neck. It closes at center front with fifteen hooks and eyes. The cotton is flatlined to the sheer silk overlay at the side seams, shoulders, scye, and hem. The front edge of the overlay is not attached to the lining. The overlay has five pieces: two front panels knife pleated from the side front to the center to create a slightly pouched/pigeon-breast silhouette, two side panels, and one back panel pleated toward center back. The front panels have three horizontal tucks across the top of the bust, finished with lace and gathered into ruffles, and closes with six hooks from neck to waist. Above this, Black silk satin pleated into a 6.4 cm / 2.5 in. high band forms the collar, which is sewn to the bodice from center back to center front on the left side and hooks to the right shoulder before closing in back with two hooks. A fall of lace is sewn to both sides of the collar in back to form the frill fashionable for the time. Pleated Black silk satin also finishes the hem of the bodice in the form of a belt, which is sewn from the left front above the hip to center back where a permanent three-lobed bow is added, continuing around to the center front where it forms a slight point. It extends past the bodice opening to wrap around to the left hip, hooking closed beneath a small two-lobed bow. The sleeves are full length, with a curved two-seam construction. They have large bifurcated puffs at the shoulder constructed with sewn folds, but beneath this they are fitted tightly to the rest of the arm. At the wrist the sleeves end in three triangular points splaying over the hand, with a lace ruffle emerging beneath them. The lining is fitted smoothly throughout the sleeves, but the overlay lies flat only on the inside of the arm. On the outside, a vertical tuck finished with lace is gathered into a frill and the fabric on either side of this is folded into large horizontal pleats. The separate floor-length skirt has three layers of fabric, with the mint green cotton and Black silk overlay flatlined to an olive-green polished cotton lining. There are seven gored panels: one at center-front and two at each side which lie smoothly at the waist, and two in back where the fullness is controlled with double inverted box pleats flanking and hiding the center-back opening. There is a 4.4 cm / 1.75 in. high Black satin ribbon ruffle at the hem. Machine-sewn and hand-sewn.https://scholars.unh.edu/bowen_collection/1825/thumbnail.jp
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Dress, Black Leaf-patterned silk over mint green cotton, c. 1898, detail of front
University of New Hampshire Scholars\u27 Repository, 2019Co-Authors: Irma Bowen Historic Clothing G. CollectioAbstract:c. 1898. Two-piece dress of Black Leaf-patterned silk over green cotton, with a pouched bodice having full-length sleeves puffed at the shoulder, and a separate floor-length gored skirt with fullness in back. The color of this dress presents as a muted green with constantly shifting shadows of Black. The effect is achieved by layering a Black silk, made with plain and satin weave leaves on a leno weave ground, over a startlingly bright mint green cotton lining. The lining forms the fitted, structural part of the bodice and is made in eight pieces: two front panels each with two boned darts and one at the right opening, and a six-piece back constructed of two back panels with a center-back seam, flanked by two narrow curved panels on each side. All seams are boned, for a total of twelve stays. The bodice comes to a slight point at the front and back and rises to the base of the neck. It closes at center front with fifteen hooks and eyes. The cotton is flatlined to the sheer silk overlay at the side seams, shoulders, scye, and hem. The front edge of the overlay is not attached to the lining. The overlay has five pieces: two front panels knife pleated from the side front to the center to create a slightly pouched/pigeon-breast silhouette, two side panels, and one back panel pleated toward center back. The front panels have three horizontal tucks across the top of the bust, finished with lace and gathered into ruffles, and closes with six hooks from neck to waist. Above this, Black silk satin pleated into a 6.4 cm / 2.5 in. high band forms the collar, which is sewn to the bodice from center back to center front on the left side and hooks to the right shoulder before closing in back with two hooks. A fall of lace is sewn to both sides of the collar in back to form the frill fashionable for the time. Pleated Black silk satin also finishes the hem of the bodice in the form of a belt, which is sewn from the left front above the hip to center back where a permanent three-lobed bow is added, continuing around to the center front where it forms a slight point. It extends past the bodice opening to wrap around to the left hip, hooking closed beneath a small two-lobed bow. The sleeves are full length, with a curved two-seam construction. They have large bifurcated puffs at the shoulder constructed with sewn folds, but beneath this they are fitted tightly to the rest of the arm. At the wrist the sleeves end in three triangular points splaying over the hand, with a lace ruffle emerging beneath them. The lining is fitted smoothly throughout the sleeves, but the overlay lies flat only on the inside of the arm. On the outside, a vertical tuck finished with lace is gathered into a frill and the fabric on either side of this is folded into large horizontal pleats. The separate floor-length skirt has three layers of fabric, with the mint green cotton and Black silk overlay flatlined to an olive-green polished cotton lining. There are seven gored panels: one at center-front and two at each side which lie smoothly at the waist, and two in back where the fullness is controlled with double inverted box pleats flanking and hiding the center-back opening. There is a 4.4 cm / 1.75 in. high Black satin ribbon ruffle at the hem. Machine-sewn and hand-sewn.https://scholars.unh.edu/bowen_collection/1824/thumbnail.jp
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Dress, Black Leaf-patterned silk over mint green cotton, c. 1898, detail of back
University of New Hampshire Scholars\u27 Repository, 2019Co-Authors: Irma Bowen Historic Clothing G. CollectioAbstract:c. 1898. Two-piece dress of Black Leaf-patterned silk over green cotton, with a pouched bodice having full-length sleeves puffed at the shoulder, and a separate floor-length gored skirt with fullness in back. The color of this dress presents as a muted green with constantly shifting shadows of Black. The effect is achieved by layering a Black silk, made with plain and satin weave leaves on a leno weave ground, over a startlingly bright mint green cotton lining. The lining forms the fitted, structural part of the bodice and is made in eight pieces: two front panels each with two boned darts and one at the right opening, and a six-piece back constructed of two back panels with a center-back seam, flanked by two narrow curved panels on each side. All seams are boned, for a total of twelve stays. The bodice comes to a slight point at the front and back and rises to the base of the neck. It closes at center front with fifteen hooks and eyes. The cotton is flatlined to the sheer silk overlay at the side seams, shoulders, scye, and hem. The front edge of the overlay is not attached to the lining. The overlay has five pieces: two front panels knife pleated from the side front to the center to create a slightly pouched/pigeon-breast silhouette, two side panels, and one back panel pleated toward center back. The front panels have three horizontal tucks across the top of the bust, finished with lace and gathered into ruffles, and closes with six hooks from neck to waist. Above this, Black silk satin pleated into a 6.4 cm / 2.5 in. high band forms the collar, which is sewn to the bodice from center back to center front on the left side and hooks to the right shoulder before closing in back with two hooks. A fall of lace is sewn to both sides of the collar in back to form the frill fashionable for the time. Pleated Black silk satin also finishes the hem of the bodice in the form of a belt, which is sewn from the left front above the hip to center back where a permanent three-lobed bow is added, continuing around to the center front where it forms a slight point. It extends past the bodice opening to wrap around to the left hip, hooking closed beneath a small two-lobed bow. The sleeves are full length, with a curved two-seam construction. They have large bifurcated puffs at the shoulder constructed with sewn folds, but beneath this they are fitted tightly to the rest of the arm. At the wrist the sleeves end in three triangular points splaying over the hand, with a lace ruffle emerging beneath them. The lining is fitted smoothly throughout the sleeves, but the overlay lies flat only on the inside of the arm. On the outside, a vertical tuck finished with lace is gathered into a frill and the fabric on either side of this is folded into large horizontal pleats. The separate floor-length skirt has three layers of fabric, with the mint green cotton and Black silk overlay flatlined to an olive-green polished cotton lining. There are seven gored panels: one at center-front and two at each side which lie smoothly at the waist, and two in back where the fullness is controlled with double inverted box pleats flanking and hiding the center-back opening. There is a 4.4 cm / 1.75 in. high Black satin ribbon ruffle at the hem. Machine-sewn and hand-sewn.https://scholars.unh.edu/bowen_collection/1822/thumbnail.jp
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Dress, Black Leaf-patterned silk over mint green cotton, c. 1898, detail of cuff
University of New Hampshire Scholars\u27 Repository, 2019Co-Authors: Irma Bowen Historic Clothing G. CollectioAbstract:c. 1898. Two-piece dress of Black Leaf-patterned silk over green cotton, with a pouched bodice having full-length sleeves puffed at the shoulder, and a separate floor-length gored skirt with fullness in back. The color of this dress presents as a muted green with constantly shifting shadows of Black. The effect is achieved by layering a Black silk, made with plain and satin weave leaves on a leno weave ground, over a startlingly bright mint green cotton lining. The lining forms the fitted, structural part of the bodice and is made in eight pieces: two front panels each with two boned darts and one at the right opening, and a six-piece back constructed of two back panels with a center-back seam, flanked by two narrow curved panels on each side. All seams are boned, for a total of twelve stays. The bodice comes to a slight point at the front and back and rises to the base of the neck. It closes at center front with fifteen hooks and eyes. The cotton is flatlined to the sheer silk overlay at the side seams, shoulders, scye, and hem. The front edge of the overlay is not attached to the lining. The overlay has five pieces: two front panels knife pleated from the side front to the center to create a slightly pouched/pigeon-breast silhouette, two side panels, and one back panel pleated toward center back. The front panels have three horizontal tucks across the top of the bust, finished with lace and gathered into ruffles, and closes with six hooks from neck to waist. Above this, Black silk satin pleated into a 6.4 cm / 2.5 in. high band forms the collar, which is sewn to the bodice from center back to center front on the left side and hooks to the right shoulder before closing in back with two hooks. A fall of lace is sewn to both sides of the collar in back to form the frill fashionable for the time. Pleated Black silk satin also finishes the hem of the bodice in the form of a belt, which is sewn from the left front above the hip to center back where a permanent three-lobed bow is added, continuing around to the center front where it forms a slight point. It extends past the bodice opening to wrap around to the left hip, hooking closed beneath a small two-lobed bow. The sleeves are full length, with a curved two-seam construction. They have large bifurcated puffs at the shoulder constructed with sewn folds, but beneath this they are fitted tightly to the rest of the arm. At the wrist the sleeves end in three triangular points splaying over the hand, with a lace ruffle emerging beneath them. The lining is fitted smoothly throughout the sleeves, but the overlay lies flat only on the inside of the arm. On the outside, a vertical tuck finished with lace is gathered into a frill and the fabric on either side of this is folded into large horizontal pleats. The separate floor-length skirt has three layers of fabric, with the mint green cotton and Black silk overlay flatlined to an olive-green polished cotton lining. There are seven gored panels: one at center-front and two at each side which lie smoothly at the waist, and two in back where the fullness is controlled with double inverted box pleats flanking and hiding the center-back opening. There is a 4.4 cm / 1.75 in. high Black satin ribbon ruffle at the hem. Machine-sewn and hand-sewn.https://scholars.unh.edu/bowen_collection/1823/thumbnail.jp
Mariefrancoise Zapater - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a novel bioassay to monitor fungicide sensitivity in mycosphaerella fijiensis
Pest Management Science, 2015Co-Authors: Josue Essoh Ngando, Mariefrancoise Zapater, C Dubois, Adrien Rieux, Oscar Nguidjo, Luc Pignolet, Andreas Mehl, Jean Carlier, Luc De Lapeyre De BellaireAbstract:BACKGROUND Black Leaf streak disease (BLSD) is the most important disease of bananas for export. The successful control of BLSD requires an intensive use of systemic fungicides, leading to the build-up of resistance and failure of control. Early detection of fungicide resistance is crucial to drive rational chemical strategies. Present methods relying on ascospore germination bioassays have several drawbacks that could be overcome using conidia. RESULTS Generally, a single genotype is present on the conidial population derived from one lesion. Conidial germination tests with thiabendazole (5?mg?L?1) enable a clear detection of strains resistant to methyl benzimidazole carbamates. Germination bioassays on azoxystrobin (10?mg?L?1) enable the detection of most QoI-resistant strains, but their proportion might be underestimated with cut-off limits of germ tube length (L > 120?µm) or growth inhibition (GI < 50%). The level of fungicide resistance differs at different canopy levels of a banana tree, which should be considered for sampling. The ascospore germination bioassay provided more variable estimations of the level of resistance by comparison with the new conidial germination bioassay. CONCLUSION Germination bioassays performed with conidia obtained from young lesions overcome most drawbacks encountered with ascospore germination bioassays and could be considered as a new reference method for fungicide resistance monitoring in this species. Different steps are proposed, from sampling to microscopic examinations, for the implementation of this technique. (Resume d'auteur)
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variable number of tandem repeat markers in the genome sequence of mycosphaerella fijiensis the causal agent of Black Leaf streak disease of banana musa spp
Genetics and Molecular Research, 2010Co-Authors: S A L Garcia, Mariefrancoise Zapater, C F Ferreira, Te Lintel B Hekkert, Stephen B Goodwin, Mauricio Guzman, G H J Kema, M T SouzaAbstract:We searched the genome of Mycosphaerella fijiensis for molecular markers that would allow population genetics analysis of this plant pathogen. M. fijiensis , the causal agent of banana Leaf streak disease, also known as Black Sigatoka, is the most devastating pathogen attacking bananas (Musa spp). Recently, the entire genome sequence of M. fijiensis became available. We screened this database for VNTR markers. Forty-two primer pairs were selected for validation, based on repeat type and length and the number of repeat units. Five VNTR markers showing multiple alleles were validated with a reference set of isolates from different parts of the world and a population from a banana plantation in Costa Rica. Polymorphism information content values varied from 0.6414 to 0.7544 for the reference set and from 0.0400 and 0.7373 for the population set. Eighty percent of the polymorphism information content
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construction of a genetic linkage map of the fungal pathogen of banana mycosphaerella fijiensis causal agent of Black Leaf streak disease
Current Genetics, 2008Co-Authors: Gilberto Manzosanchez, Laura Condeferraez, Andrew Jameskay, Mariefrancoise Zapater, Francisco Lunamartinez, June SimpsonAbstract:A genetic linkage map of the fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis, causal agent of Black Leaf streak disease of banana was developed. A cross between the isolates CIRAD86 (from Cameroon) and CIRAD139A (from Colombia) was analyzed using molecular markers and the MAT locus. The genetic linkage map consists of 298 AFLP and 16 SSR markers with 23 linkage groups, containing five or more markers, covering 1,879 cM. Markers are separated on average by around 5.9 cM. The MAT locus was shown to segregate in a 1:1 ratio but could not be successfully mapped. An estimate of the relation between physical size and genetic distance was approximately 39.0 kb/cM. The estimated total haploid genome size was calculated using the genetic mapping data at 4,298.2 cM. This is the first genetic linkage map reported for this important foliar pathogen of banana. The great utility of the map will be for anchoring contigs in the genome sequence, evolutionary studies in comparison with other fungi, to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with aggressiveness or oxidative stress resistance and with the recently available genome sequence, for positional cloning.
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genetic structure of the global population of banana Black Leaf streak fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis
Molecular Ecology, 1996Co-Authors: Marchenri Lebrun, Mariefrancoise Zapater, C DuboisAbstract:The genetic structure of Mycosphaerella fijiensis populations around the world was examined using DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Allele frequencies at 19 nuclear RFLP loci were estimated in a sample of 136 M. fijiensis isolates from five geographical populations representative of banana-producing areas (South-East Asia including the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, Africa, Latin America and Pacific Islands). Within each population, gametic disequilibrium tests between the 19 nuclear RFLP loci were mainly non significant (P > 0.05), indicating that random sexual reproduction occurred in these populations. All M. fijiensis populations had a high level of genotypic and allelic diversity (H, gene diversity: 0.25–0.59). The highest levels of gene diversity were found in the two South-East Asian populations (H: 0.57 and 0.59). Most of the alleles (> 88%) detected in Africa, Latin America and Pacific Islands populations were also detected in South-East Asian populations. Furthermore, a high and significant (P < 0.05) level of genetic differentiation was observed among M. fijiensis geographical populations (overall estimate of Fst: 0.32). These results were consistent with the hypothesis that M. fijiensis originated in South-East Asia and spread recently to other parts of the world. The level of allelic diversity in M. fijiensis populations from regions other than South-East Asia was drastically reduced, indicating founder effects. The data also suggested rare occurrence of migration of M. fijiensis between continents.