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Chow-yang Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Population Ecology and Movement of the American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) in Sewers
Journal of medical entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Hui-siang Tee, Ahmad Ramli Saad, Chow-yang LeeAbstract:The population size, age-class structure, and movement of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), were studied in three sewers in Penang, Malaysia, from September 2008 to October 2009. Eighteen to 20 glass-jar traps (two per manhole) were deployed for a 24-h period during each sampling occasion at each sewer. Adults and nymphs were active throughout the study period, with an average monthly trap catch of 57–97 adults and 79–99 nymphs. The mean proportions of adults and nymphs at the three sewers ranged from 0.47 to 0.57. Of the 2,177 male and 2,717 female cockroaches marked and released over the three sewers, recapture rates were 29.4–45.8 and 30.8–47.0%, respectively. The proportion of marked males and females did not differ significantly from the proportion of recaptured marked males and females. However, the mean number of times a marked female was recaptured was significantly greater than that of males. Of the 783 males and 1,030 females that were marked and recaptured, 19.4 and 24.7%, respectively, had moved between manholes, and significantly more females than males moved between manholes. Of the 406 recaptured marked adults that moved between manholes, 90.4% moved a distance of 2–20 m from their initial release site; one male moved 192 m, the longest distance recorded. Trap catch on each sampling occasion was positively correlated with daily mean temperature. The number of cockroach movements between manholes also was correlated with the mean daily minimum temperature.
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Suitability of Heat- and Freeze-Killed Oothecae of the American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) as Hosts for an Oothecal Parasitoid, Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Journal of economic entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Hui-siang Tee, Ahmad Ramli Saad, Chow-yang LeeAbstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of heat- and freeze-killed oothecae of Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) as hosts for parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The oothecae were subjected to -20, 45, 48, 50, and 55°C at different exposure times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min). The effects of heat- and freeze-killed oothecae on several biological parameters (e.g., parasitism and emergence rates, developmental times, progeny number, and sex ratio) of A. hagenowii were determined. Embryonic development of 2-d-old oothecae was terminated by either freezing at -20°C or heating at ≥48°C for ≥30 min. A. hagenowii parasitized live oothecae as well as both heat- and freeze-killed oothecae. Percentage parasitism, emergence rates, and developmental times of A. hagenowii in both heat- and freeze-killed oothecae were not significantly different from those of the live oothecae. Both heating and freezing did not influence progeny number (male and female) and sex ratio of A. hagenowii emerged from killed oothecae.
Arthur G. Appel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perception and repellency of moving air by american and smokybrown cockroaches dictyoptera Blattidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1999Co-Authors: Arthur G. Appel, Lane M SmithAbstract:Repellency of moving ambient air to American, Periplaneta americana (L.), and smokybrown, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), cockroaches was evaluated with modified Ebeling choice boxes by using air velocities of 0-4.75 m/s. All measured stages (adult female and male, and medium and large nymphs) of both species were significantly repelled by air velocities greater than or equal to 4.0 m/s. Percentage of repellency increased exponentially with air velocity for American, but increased linearly for smokybrown cockroaches. Male American cockroaches detect moving air with mechanoreceptors located on their antennae and cerci. Differences in response to air velocity may help explain the absence of smokybrown cockroaches from sewerage systems. Moving air maybe useful as a noninsecticidal tactic in an integrated pest management system for American and smokybrown cockroach control.
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evaluation of methods of insecticide application for control of smokybrown cockroaches dictyoptera Blattidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1997Co-Authors: Lane M Smith, Arthur G. Appel, T. P. Mack, Gary J Keever, Eric P BensonAbstract:The insecticide components of a previously developed integrated pest management system for smokybrown cockroaches, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), were tested individually and at reduced application rates in 4 separate trials over 2 yr. A 2-bait combination (pellet and gel baits) did not significantly reduce cockroach abundance more than a single constituent bait alone. A targeted spray of trelamethrin was significantly less effective than a 2-bait combination. Residual activity of insecticides was determined with American cockroaches, P. Americana (L.), in a laboratory bioassay. Chlorpyrifos wettable powder remained active 27 d. Nematodes [ Steinemema carpocapsae (Weiser) ] applied as a spray solution did not effect the abundance of smokybrown cockroaches, and no cockroaches were recovered that exhibited nematode infection. Time needed to apply various insecticide treatments did not differ substantially (15-25 min per house), even for lower application rates.
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harborage preferences of american and smokybrown cockroaches dictyoptera Blattidae for common landscape materials
Environmental Entomology, 1996Co-Authors: Arthur G. Appel, Lane M SmithAbstract:Harborage preferences of American, Periplaneta americana (L.), and smokybrown, P. fuliginisa (Serville), cockroaches were determined in laboratory experiments. None of the potential harborages [juniper branches, Juniperus horizontalis L.; pine, Pinus taeda L.; straw; soil; rocks; or grass, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack, thatch] were toxic in continuous exposure tests. None of the harborages were repellent to American cockroaches, but in Ebeling choice box tests smokybrown cockroaches were significantly and consistently repelled by dry soil (mean ± SEM, 6.17 ± 0.68%). Tested with mixed-stage groups, juniper branches were preferred to all other potential harborages by all American cockroach stages. Smokybrown cockroaches also preferred juniper branches, but significant proportions were also found harboring under pine straw and rocks. Tested with single stages, small and medium American and smokybrown cockroach nymphs preferred pine straw rather than juniper indicating an interaction between cockroach stages and harborage selection by small and medium nymphs. Even though relative humidity was significantly greater (45.4 ± 2.2%) under juniper, light intensity was lower (7.9 ± 3.9 lux) under pine straw. Smaller nymphs selected harborages with smaller interstitial spaces than larger nymphs; pine straw had the smallest interstices of any of the tested harborage materials. Harborage selection by American and smokybrown cockroaches is mediated by the physical characteristics of the harborage and the presence of conspecifics.
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intra and interspecific trappings of two sympatric peridomestic cockroaches dictyoptera Blattidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1994Co-Authors: Arthur G. AppelAbstract:Intra- and interspecific trappings of American, Periplaneta americana (L.), and smokybrown, P. fuliginosa (Serville), cockroaches were examined in laboratory experiments. More P. americana were caught in live traps than P. fuliginosa . Overall, more individuals were caught with a conspecific bait than with a heterospecific bait. Significantly more adult male, female, and total P. americana were caught in traps baited with a conspecific than with unbaited traps. Heterospecific nymphs were repellent to male and female P. americana . More P. americana were caught with conspecific females and nymphs as bait than with heterospecific nymphs. For P. fuliginosa , only more males were caught with a trap with a conspecific compared with an unbaited trap. Traps with nymphal P. fuliginosa caught more conspecifies than did unbaited traps or traps with heterospecific nymphs. Nymphal P. fuliginosa were repelled by nymphal P. americana . P. americana were captured more frequently and were more selective in interspecific associations than P. fuliginosa . These results partly account for differences in sampling these species in areas of sympatry and suggest that volatile semiochemicals are produced and detected by most stages of these cockroaches.
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Water relations and thermal sensitivity of several cockroach species (Dictyoptera : Blattidae and Blaberidae)
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 1991Co-Authors: Arthur G. AppelAbstract:Abstract 1. 1. Per cent total body water content (%TBW), cuticular permeability (CP), rate of water loss, critical thermal maxima (CTMax), and upper lethal limits (ULL) were determined for Pacific beetle, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz), Surinam, Pycnoscelus surinamensis (L.), and Turkestan, Blaita lateralis (Walker), cockroaches. 2. 2. Initial body mass ranged from 153.16 to 464.96 mg, for D. punctata and P. surinamensis cockroaches, respectively. Mean %TBW was 57.8 for P. surinamensis and 67.7 for B. lateralis. 3. 3. Mean cuticular permeability was not related to initial mass and ranged from 20.9 to 38.7 μg/cm2/hr/mmHg for D. punctata and P. surinamensis, respectively. 4. 4. Cumulative mass loss and %TBW lost increased linearly with desiccation time. 5. 5. CTMax ranged from 43.2°C for D. punctata to 44.3°C for P. surinamensis. There were significant, but small differences in CTMax among the three species. 6. 6. ULL were 2.2 to approximately 4°C greater than CTMax. The greatest ULL was 48.1°C for B. lateralis and the lowest ULL was 45.0°C for D. punctata.
Jerome Murienne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular data confirm family status for the tryonicus lauraesilpha group insecta blattodea tryonicidae
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Jerome MurienneAbstract:Family status was recently proposed for the Tryonicus–Lauraesilpha group (Insecta: Blattodea: Tryonicidae), which had been assigned to Blattidae before. In order to test this hypothesis, a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Blattodea was conducted using the 12S and H3 genes. The results show that Tryonicidae indeed form a lineage distinct from Blattidae. The results are compared to the previous classifications and phylogenetic hypotheses (morphology- and molecular-based). It is suggested that the Polyzosteriinae tribe Methanini should remain in Polyzosteriinae (Blattodea: Blattidae).
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short range endemism in new caledonia new species and distribution of the genus lauraesilpha grandcolas 1997 insecta dictyoptera Blattidae tryonicinae
Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008Co-Authors: Jerome Murienne, Roseli Pellens, Philippe GrandcolasAbstract:Quatre nouvelles especes de Lauraesilpha Grandcolas, 1997 (Famille des Blattidae) sont decrites de Nouvelle-Caledonie: L. do Murienne n. sp., L. paniensis Murienne n. sp., L. unio Murienne n. sp. et L. vulcania Murienne n. sp. Les patrons d'endemisme pour le genre en Nouvelle-Caledonie sont discutes a l'echelle locale.
Hui-siang Tee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Population Ecology and Movement of the American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) in Sewers
Journal of medical entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Hui-siang Tee, Ahmad Ramli Saad, Chow-yang LeeAbstract:The population size, age-class structure, and movement of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), were studied in three sewers in Penang, Malaysia, from September 2008 to October 2009. Eighteen to 20 glass-jar traps (two per manhole) were deployed for a 24-h period during each sampling occasion at each sewer. Adults and nymphs were active throughout the study period, with an average monthly trap catch of 57–97 adults and 79–99 nymphs. The mean proportions of adults and nymphs at the three sewers ranged from 0.47 to 0.57. Of the 2,177 male and 2,717 female cockroaches marked and released over the three sewers, recapture rates were 29.4–45.8 and 30.8–47.0%, respectively. The proportion of marked males and females did not differ significantly from the proportion of recaptured marked males and females. However, the mean number of times a marked female was recaptured was significantly greater than that of males. Of the 783 males and 1,030 females that were marked and recaptured, 19.4 and 24.7%, respectively, had moved between manholes, and significantly more females than males moved between manholes. Of the 406 recaptured marked adults that moved between manholes, 90.4% moved a distance of 2–20 m from their initial release site; one male moved 192 m, the longest distance recorded. Trap catch on each sampling occasion was positively correlated with daily mean temperature. The number of cockroach movements between manholes also was correlated with the mean daily minimum temperature.
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Suitability of Heat- and Freeze-Killed Oothecae of the American Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) as Hosts for an Oothecal Parasitoid, Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Journal of economic entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Hui-siang Tee, Ahmad Ramli Saad, Chow-yang LeeAbstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of heat- and freeze-killed oothecae of Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) as hosts for parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The oothecae were subjected to -20, 45, 48, 50, and 55°C at different exposure times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min). The effects of heat- and freeze-killed oothecae on several biological parameters (e.g., parasitism and emergence rates, developmental times, progeny number, and sex ratio) of A. hagenowii were determined. Embryonic development of 2-d-old oothecae was terminated by either freezing at -20°C or heating at ≥48°C for ≥30 min. A. hagenowii parasitized live oothecae as well as both heat- and freeze-killed oothecae. Percentage parasitism, emergence rates, and developmental times of A. hagenowii in both heat- and freeze-killed oothecae were not significantly different from those of the live oothecae. Both heating and freezing did not influence progeny number (male and female) and sex ratio of A. hagenowii emerged from killed oothecae.
Laila Hosainpour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antibacterial antifungal activity of extracted chitosan from american cockroach dictyoptera Blattidae and german cockroach blattodea blattellidae
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2019Co-Authors: Hamidreza Basseri, Ronak Bakhtiyari, Sayed Jamal Hashemi, Mojgan Baniardelani, Hadi Shahraki, Laila HosainpourAbstract:We investigated bactericidal and fungicidal properties of chitosan extracted from adults and nymphs from both German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) and American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). The cuticle of adults and nymphs extracted from both cockroaches were dried and ground. The powders were demineralized and deproteinized followed by deacetylation using NaOH. Finally, the chitosan yields were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The degree of deacetylation (DD) was different between adults and nymph stages. The antimicrobial effect of American cockroach chitosan (ACC) and German cockroach chitosan (GCC) was tested against four bacteria and four fungi. The extracted chitosans from American cockroach, Periplaneta americana and German Cockroach, Blattella germanica suppressed the growth of Gram-negative/positive bacteria except Micrococcus luteus. The growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were notability inhibited by the extracted chitosans. The antimicrobial effect of the chitosan depended on the cockroach species, with chitosan of the American cockroach showing more inhibitory effect. This difference may be due to differences in the structure of chitin between the two cockroach species.