The Experts below are selected from a list of 13959 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hillel Rapoport - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Globalization, Brain Drain and Development
Journal of Economic Literature, 2012Co-Authors: Frédéric Docquier, Hillel RapoportAbstract:This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the Brain Drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We first assess the magnitude, intensity and determinants of the Brain Drain, showing that Brain Drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming the dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a Brain Drain affects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country’s human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical Brain Drain, the recent exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India’s IT sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context.
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Brain Drain and ldcs growth winners and losers
The Economic Journal, 2003Co-Authors: Michel Beine, Frédéric Docquier, Hillel RapoportAbstract:We present an empirical evaluation of the growth effects of the Brain Drain for the source countries of migrants. Using recent US data on migration rates by education levels (Carrington and Detragiache, 1998), we find empirical support for the “beneficial Brain Drain hypothesis” in a sample of 50 developing countries. At the country-level, we distinguish between winners and losers among source countries. While the number of winners is smaller, these include nearly 80% of the total population of developing countries.
Frédéric Docquier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Globalization, Brain Drain and Development
Journal of Economic Literature, 2012Co-Authors: Frédéric Docquier, Hillel RapoportAbstract:This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the Brain Drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We first assess the magnitude, intensity and determinants of the Brain Drain, showing that Brain Drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming the dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a Brain Drain affects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country’s human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical Brain Drain, the recent exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India’s IT sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context.
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Do Brain Drain and poverty result from coordination failures?
Journal of Economic Growth, 2012Co-Authors: David Croix, Frédéric DocquierAbstract:The bidirectional causal links between high-skilled emigration and poverty can give rise to multiple equilibria and coordination failures. Two countries sharing identical characteristics may end up in either a “low poverty-low Brain Drain” equilibrium or in a “high poverty-high Brain Drain” equilibrium. In this paper, we build a model which endogenizes high-skilled emigration and economic performances in order to derive the conditions under which multiplicity occurs. After identifying country-specific parameters, we find that in the majority of developing countries, the best equilibrium is selected and that the observed Brain Drain is inevitable. In 22 small developing countries however, the worse equilibrium prevails, implying that poverty and Brain Drain are increased by coordination failure. These countries require appropriate development policies, such as a temporary subsidization of the repatriation of their high-skilled expatriates. Our results are robust to the inclusion of a Brain gain mechanism.
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A Gendered Assessment Of The Brain Drain - A Gendered Assessment of the Brain Drain
2008Co-Authors: Frédéric Docquier, B. Lindsay Lowell, Abdeslam MarfoukAbstract:This paper updates and extends the Docquier-Marfouk data set on inter-national migration by educational attainment. The authors use new sources, homogenize definitions of what a migrant is, and compute gender-disaggregated indicators of the Brain Drain. Emigration stocks and rates are provided by level of schooling and gender for 195 source countries in 1990 and 2000. The data set can be used to capture the recent trend in women's skilled migration and to analyze its causes and consequences for developing countries. The .findings show that women represent an increasing share of the OECD immigration stock and exhibit relatively higher rates of Brain Drain than men. The gender gap in skilled migration is strongly correlated with the gender gap in educational attainment at origin. Equating women's and men's access to education would probably reduce gender differences in the Brain Drain.
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a gendered assessment of the Brain Drain
2008Co-Authors: Frédéric Docquier, Lindsay B Lowell, Abdeslam MarfoukAbstract:This paper updates and extends the Docquier-Marfouk data set on inter-national migration by educational attainment. The authors use new sources, homogenize definitions of what a migrant is, and compute gender-disaggregated indicators of the Brain Drain. Emigration stocks and rates are provided by level of schooling and gender for 195 source countries in 1990 and 2000. The data set can be used to capture the recent trend in women's skilled migration and to analyze its causes and consequences for developing countries. The .findings show that women represent an increasing share of the OECD immigration stock and exhibit relatively higher rates of Brain Drain than men. The gender gap in skilled migration is strongly correlated with the gender gap in educational attainment at origin. Equating women's and men's access to education would probably reduce gender differences in the Brain Drain.
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Brain Drain in Developing Countries
The World Bank Economic Review, 2007Co-Authors: Frédéric Docquier, Olivier Lohest, Abdeslam MarfoukAbstract:An original data set on international migration by educational attainment for 1990 and 2000 is used to analyze the determinants of Brain Drain from developing countries. The analysis starts with a simple decomposition of the Brain Drain in two multiplicative components, the degree of openness of sending countries (measured by the average emigration rate) and the schooling gap (measured by the education level of emigrants compared with natives). Regression models are used to identify the determinants of these components and explain cross-country differences in the migration of skilled workers. Unsurprisingly, the Brain Drain is strong in small countries that are close to major Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) regions that share colonial links with OECD countries, and that send most of their migrants to countries with quality-selective immigration programs. Interestingly, the Brain Drain increases with political instability and the degree of fractionalization at origin and decreases with natives' human capital.
David J. Mckenzie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eight Questions about Brain Drain - Eight Questions About Brain Drain
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2011Co-Authors: John Gibson, David J. MckenzieAbstract:High-skilled emigration is an emotive issue that in popular discourse is often referred to as Brain Drain, conjuring images of extremely negative impacts on developing countries. Recent discussions of Brain gain, diaspora effects, and other advantages of migration have been used to argue against this, but much of the discussion has been absent of evidence. This paper builds upon a new wave of empirical research to answer eight key questions underlying much of the Brain Drain debate: 1) What is Brain Drain? 2) Why should economists care about it? 3) Is Brain Drain increasing? 4) Is there a positive relationship between skilled and unskilled migration? 5) What makes Brain Drain more likely? 6) Does Brain gain exist? 7) Do high-skilled workers remit, invest, and share knowledge back home? and 8) What do we know about the fiscal and production externalities of Brain Drain?
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eight questions about Brain Drain
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2011Co-Authors: John Gibson, David J. MckenzieAbstract:High-skilled emigration is an emotive issue that in popular discourse is often referred to as Brain Drain, conjuring images of extremely negative impacts on developing countries. Recent discussions of Brain gain, diaspora effects, and other advantages of migration have been used to argue against this, but much of the discussion has been absent of evidence. This paper builds upon a new wave of empirical research to answer eight key questions underlying much of the Brain Drain debate: 1) What is Brain Drain? 2) Why should economists care about it? 3) Is Brain Drain increasing? 4) Is there a positive relationship between skilled and unskilled migration? 5) What makes Brain Drain more likely? 6) Does Brain gain exist? 7) Do high-skilled workers remit, invest, and share knowledge back home? and 8) What do we know about the fiscal and production externalities of Brain Drain?
José Gabriel Romero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Brain Drain and income distribution
Journal of Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Aida Galiano, José Gabriel RomeroAbstract:In a context in which increased income inequality has raised much concern, and skilled workers move easily across countries, an important question arises: how does the Brain Drain affect income distribution in the source economy? We address this question and introduce two contributions to the literature on Brain Drain. First, we present and solve a simple stylized model to study whether and, if so, how the Brain Drain affects the distribution of income, in a context in which higher education is publicly financed with general taxes. Second, we explore empirically the effect of an increase in skilled emigration on income distribution. A key prediction of our theoretical model is the existence of a non-monotonic relationship between income inequality and emigration of skilled workers. Our empirical data confirm this result, showing a statistically significant inverse U-shaped form.
Wang Fei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reasons and Countermeasures Against the Hotel Brain Drain
Journal of Tourism College of Zhejiang, 2007Co-Authors: Wang FeiAbstract:The hotel Brain Drain crisis already became a problem which the traveling hotel operator highly took. Reducing and guards against Brain Drain relate closely to the hotel survival and the development. In earnestly analyses the Brain Drain reason in the foundation, the hotel decision-making strata should establish the mechanism to guard against Brain rain. The Brain Drain is eliminated in the embryonic stage. Simultaneously great attention also must be paid to the burst characteristics document event processing. In this way, we can effectively guard against and the processing crisis occurrence.
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Governing and Guarding against the Hotel Brain Drain Crisis
Journal of Qingdao Technical College, 2007Co-Authors: Wang FeiAbstract:Nowadays,the hotel operators pay more and more attention to the hotel Brain Drain crisis.Reducing and guarding against the Brain Drain crisis is critical to the survival and the development of hotels.Based on the analysis of the Brain Drain crisis,the hotel management should establish the perfect prevention system to guard against the Brain Drain crisis in order to prevent against the crisis in the embryonic stage.Simultaneously,we should pay great attention to the emergent case so that we can effectively guard against and govern the crisis.
