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Virginie Lattard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vitamin K antagonist rodenticides display different teratogenic activity
Reproductive Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Thomas Chetot, Etienne Benoit, Shira Taufana, Virginie LattardAbstract:Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are not recommended during pregnancy because warfarin (a first-generation VKA) is associated with a malformation syndrome "the fetal warfarin syndrome" (FWS). VKA are also used for rodent management worldwide. Recently, the Committee for Risk Assessment responsible for the European chemical legislation for advances on the safe use of chemicals had classed 8 anticoagulant used as rodenticides in the reprotoxic category 1A or 1B. This classification emerges from a read-across prediction of toxicity considering the warfarin malformation syndrome. Herein, our study explores the teratogenicity of warfarin at the human therapeutic dose and that of Bromadiolone, a second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide. Using a rat model, our study demonstrates that warfarin used at the therapeutic dose is able to induce teratogenicity, while in the same conditions Bromadiolone does not induce any teratogenic effect, challenging the classification of all VKA as reprotoxic molecules.
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Liver and fecal samples suggest differential exposure of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) to trans- and cis-Bromadiolone in areas from France treated with plant protection products
Science of the Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Isabelle Fourel, Etienne Benoit, Mickaël Sage, Virginie LattardAbstract:Bromadiolone, a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGARs), is authorized in France to control water voles (Arvicola scherman) outbreaks. SGARs enter the food chain and their persistence in rodents is responsible for secondary exposure or poisoning of predators and scavengers. Bromadiolone commercial formulations are a mixture of two diastereoisomers of Bromadiolone: 70-90% is trans-Bromadiolone and 10-30% is cis-Bromadiolone. Both diastereoisomers were reported to inhibit coagulation function with similar potency. On the other hand, cis-Bromadiolone has been shown to be less tissue-persistent than trans-Bromadiolone in rats. Furthermore, cis-Bromadiolone was not found in liver of red kites after Bromadiolone poisonings of water voles. In this study, amulti-residue LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the diastereoisomers of SGARs was used to investigate their proportions in field samples of another vole's predator, the red fox. Red fox livers (n = 48) and scats (n = 160) were collected in a pesticide use zone within a few months of Bromadiolone application. We reported the concentrations of Bromadiolone diastereoisomers in the livers and scats. Accumulation of Bromadiolone was apparent in 81% (n = 39) of the livers with mean and max concentrations of 355 and 2060 ng/g, and in 23% of the faeces with mean and max concentrations of 78.5 and 593 ng/g. However, cis-Bromadiolone was not detected in the liver of 35 of 39 exposed red foxes and was present at very low concentrations (below 24.6 ng/g) in 4 of 39 exposed red foxes. It was not detected in 11 of the positive scats and represented only 4.2% of the Bromadiolone residues in scats. This demonstrated differential persistence of trans- and cis-Bromadiolone in the food chain. The results suggest that a change of the proportions of Bromadiolone diastereoisomers in baits could reduce the risk of secondary poisoning of predators, but retain primary toxicity for control water voles outbreaks.
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Cis-Bromadiolone diastereoisomer is not involved in Bromadiolone Red Kite (Milvus milvus) poisoning
Science of the Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Isabelle Fourel, Marlène Damin-pernik, Etienne Benoit, Virginie LattardAbstract:Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are widely used pesticides to control rodent populations. Bromadiolone, a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGARs), is authorized in France to control the population of water voles (Arvicola scherman). The persistence of SGARs in rodents is responsible for secondary exposure or poisoning of predators and scavengers, and is of ecological concern for the conservation of endangered species. Commercial formulations are a mixture of two diastereoisomers of Bromadiolone: 70-90% is trans-Bromadiolone and 10-30% is cis-Bromadiolone. Both diastereoisomers have been shown to inhibit coagulation function with the same potency. On the other hand, cis-Bromadiolone has been shown to be less tissue-persistent than transBromadiolone in rats. This difference led to residue levels in rats with substantially weakened proportion in cis-Bromadiolone compared to the composition of baits. In this study, a multi-residue LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the diastereoisomers of SGARs was used to investigate their proportions in field samples of predators. In 2011, 28 red kites (Milvus milvus) were found dead within a few months of Bromadiolone application in grassland to control water vole outbreaks. In this study, we report the concentrations of the two diastereoisomers of Bromadiolone measured in the livers of thirteen red kites. Exposure to Bromadiolone was apparent in all the kites with hepatic concentrations of transBromadiolone ranging from 390 to 870 ng/g (89 to 99% of summed SGARs). However, cis-Bromadiolone was not detected in 5 of 13 red kites and was present at very low concentrations (below 2.2 ng/g) in 8 of 13 kites, demonstrating that cis-Bromadiolone is not involved in this red kite poisoning event. The results suggest that a change of the proportions of Bromadiolone diastereoisomers in baits could reduce the risk of secondary poisoning of predators, but retain primary toxicity for control rodent outbreaks.
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Core-shell LC-MS/MS method for quantification of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides diastereoisomers in rat liver in relationship with exposure of wild rats.
Journal of chromatography. B Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Isabelle Fourel, Marlène Damin-pernik, Etienne Benoit, Virginie LattardAbstract:Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs), pesticides used worldwide to control rodent populations, exist in two diastereoisomer chemical species because they own two stereogenic centers. A core-shell LC-MS/MS multi-residue method for comprehensive quantitative analysis of the diastereoisomers of five SGARs as well as three first generation anticoagulant rodenticide molecules has been fully validated in liver of rats according to a bioanalytical guideline. A core-shell column (superficially porous particles) has been chosen for its ability to separate the diastereomers of Bromadiolone, difenacoum, brodifacoum, flocoumafen and difethialone and for its robustness to rat liver extracts. The highly selective chromatographic separation of the diastereoisomers contributes to good signal to noise ratios and then enhances the sensitivity of the method compared to the ones of fully porous columns. An elution gradient has been optimized with 10mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as aqueous/organic mobile phase respectively. Triple quadrupole mass detector has been used to achieve specifity and LLOQ from 0.92 to 2.2ng/g for each diastereoisomer, or first generation anticoagulant rodenticides. Then we evidenced diastereoisomeric ratios in liver of rats issued from not controlled exposure of wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) trapped in a French Parisian park through a campaign of rodent eradication. We compared them to diastereoisomeric ratios in SGARs commercial baits that contain both isomers, and showed that one of the two diastereoiomers had nearly disappeared in liver of rats. The proportions of cis-Bromadiolone and trans-difenacoum were really lowered compared to the baits: 5/7 and 9/12 rats had only trans-Bromadiolone and cis-difenacoum hepatic residues respectively. Liver persistence of the two diastereoisomers of Bromadiolone and difenacoum was different due to differences in their pharmacokinetics in wild rats. The new core-shell LC-MS/MS method is particularly well adapted for further exploration of diastereoisomers ratios in rodent and predatory wildlife biological samples in order to evaluate ecological consequences of actual baits, to explore new formulated baits with a good balance between efficacity (ability to kill rodents) and diastereoisomers persistence, and hopefully to mitigate exposure of non-target species.
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stereo isomer of the difethialone configuration composition and rodenticide bait and including the method of control against target pest rodents
2015Co-Authors: Hervé Caruel, Isabelle Fourel, Etienne Benoit, Virginie LattardAbstract:A stereoisomer configuration, said enantiomer E4, Bromadiolone having chromatographic analysis carried out under conditions described below, a retention time t4 value as t1
stereoisomer configuration of the enantiomer of said separate Bromadiolone E4, said analysis being performed at a temperature of 27.3 ° C.
Giraudoux Patrick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Do Bromadiolone treatments to control grassland water voles (Arvicola scherman) affect small mustelid abundance?
'Wiley', 2019Co-Authors: Fernandez-de-simon Javier, Coeurdassier Michaël, Couval Geoffroy, Fourel Isabelle, Giraudoux PatrickAbstract:International audienceThe use of pesticides can affect non-target species by causing population declines through indirect intoxication. Small mustelids (SMs; weasels, Mustela nivalis L.; stoats, Mustela erminea L.) consume water voles (WVs, Arvicola scherman S.) and can be exposed to Bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide used in some countries to reduce WV damage to grasslands. Here, we investigated whether Bromadiolone affected SM abundance
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Non-invasive monitoring of red fox exposure to rodenticides from scats
'Elsevier BV', 2017Co-Authors: Prat-mairet Yves, Fourel Isabelle, Giraudoux Patrick, Sage Mickaël, Barrat Jacques, Coeurdassier MichaëlAbstract:International audienceExposure of wildlife to anticoagulant rodenticides is mainly assessed by analysing residues in the tissues, notably liver, of dead animals. Recent finding suggested that the analysis of active ingredients in mammal scats sampled in the field could be used as a non-invasive method to monitor non-lethal exposure in populations. Here, we measure experimentally the persistence of 6 anticoagulant rodenticides in fox scats when placed under natural conditions. Six foxes were fed with voles dosed with brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, warfarin, difenacoum and difethialone in controlled conditions and their faeces were collected. Then, the scats were placed outside, thus exposed to weathering, and sampled up to four months later to measure the concentrations of the 6 rodenticides. We showed that both the concentrations and the occurrence of residues in the scats decreased rapidly for all these pesticides. Based on concentrations, the degradation half-lives ranged from 5.26 days for chlorophacinone to 7.98 days for Bromadiolone. Furthermore, the probability of sampling a scat containing detectable residues decreased by 10% after 7d, 2d, 10d, 5d, 3d and 10d for warfarin, chlorophacinone, Bromadiolone, brodifacoum, difenacoum and difethialone respectively. Thus, in terms of using residues in scats to monitor fox exposure to rodenticides, we recommend first, to clear the studied areas of old faeces and then, sample scats after a short period, ideally
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Temporal variation of Water vole exposure to Bromadiolone following the recolonization of a treated plot
HAL CCSD, 2015Co-Authors: Sage Mickaël, Coeurdassier Michaël, Fourel Isabelle, Defaut Régis, Bagnoud Sophie, Giraudoux PatrickAbstract:International audienceThe anticoagulant rodenticide Bromadiolone is widely used as plant protection product to control Water vole outbreaks in European grasslands. Following a treatment, vole population declines rapidly and reaches very low density 3 weeks after bait applications. Then, the plot could be recolonized by voles coming from surrounding plots. When buried in artificial galleries, the persistence of Bromadiolone in baits has been showed to be short (DT50 ~ 3 to 6 days). However, baits may be stored in cavities by voles, which increases dramatically the persistence of Bromadiolone in the environment (DT50 from 25 to 43 days, Sage et al. 2007, Environ. Pollut. 147). In this study, we aim to document the exposure to Bromadiolone of Water voles recolonizing a plot several months after a treatment. To simulate the recolonization, some water voles were trapped alive in non-treated grasslands and marked. Then, they were reintroduced in an experimental plot 1.5, 3 and 6 months after bait application, trapped during the 7 to 10 days following their re-introduction and Bromadiolone residues were measured in their tissues. Measured residues were compared to those measured by Sage et al. (2008 STOTEN 407) in voles trapped during the days following bait application. Most of the time, concentrations were lower, but our results show that Bromadiolone may persist in vole populations during several months after a treatment and thus, may lead to chronic exposure of wildlife to low doses of rodenticides
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Évolution des effets non intentionnels de la lutte chimique contre le campagnol terrestre sur la faune sauvage et domestique
Association française pour la production fourragère, 2014Co-Authors: Coeurdassier Michaël, Couval Geoffroy, Berny Philippe, Decors Anouk, Jacquot Manon, Queffélec S, Quintaine Thomas, Giraudoux PatrickAbstract:International audienceThe use of Bromadiolone to combat water vole outbreaks can result in the accidental poisoning of non-target fauna (e.g., raptors, foxes, and wild boars). Available data indicate that switching from a curative approach (applied post outbreak) to a preventative approach (applied before outbreaks occur) can limit these unintended secondary effects. In May 2014, a joint ministerial order was issued that established how Bromadiolone (an anticoagulant) could be employed in agricultural settings and that promoted integrated control practices. Efforts related to these new regulations include 1) the development of a decision-making tool that can help prevent the accidental poisoning of non-target species and 2) the establishment of a new standardised monitoring regime to quantify Bromadiolone’s unintended secondary effects and the pesticide’s accumulation in the tissues of non-target fauna.L’utilisation de Bromadiolone pour lutter contre les pullulations de campagnols terrestres est responsable d’intoxications de la faune noncible (rapaces, renards, sangliers...). Les indicateurs disponibles montrent que le passage d’une logique de lutte curative à celle d’unelutte préventive a permis de limiter les effets non intentionnels de la Bromadiolone. Un arrêté interministériel encadrant l’emploi de cetanticoagulant en plein champ et favorisant les principes de la lutte raisonnée a été promulgué en mai 2014. Les enjeux liés à cetteréglementation concernent la validation d’un outil d’aide à la décision développé pour prévenir les intoxications d’espèces non-cibles etla mise en place d’une surveillance standardisée de l’imprégnation de la faune par la Bromadiolone et de ses effets non intentionnels
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Unintentional Wildlife Poisoning and Proposals for Sustainable Management of Rodents
'Wiley', 2014Co-Authors: Coeurdassier Michaël, Decors Anouk, Quintaine Thomas, Riols Romain, Mionnet Aymeric, David Fabienne, Truchetet Denis, Scheifler Renaud, Giraudoux PatrickAbstract:International audienceIn Europe, Bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide authorized for plant protection, may be applied intensively in fields to control rodents. The high level of poisoning of wildlife that follows such treatments over large areas has been frequently reported. In France, Bromadiolone has been used to control water voles (Arvicola terrestris) since the 1980s. Both regulation and practices of rodent control have evolved during the last 15 years to restrict the quantity of poisoned bait used by farmers. This has led to a drastic reduction of the number of cases of poisoned wildlife reported by the French surveillance network SAGIR. During the autumn and winter 2011, favorable weather conditions and high vole densities led to the staging of several hundreds of Red Kites (Milvus milvus) in the Puy-de-Dôme department (central France). At the same time, intensive treatments with Bromadiolone were performed in this area. Although no misuse has been mentioned by the authorities following controls, 28 Red Kites and 16 Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo) were found dead during surveys in November and December 2011. For all these birds, poisoning by Bromadiolone as the main cause of death was either confirmed or highly suspected. Other observations suggest a possible impact of Bromadiolone on the breeding population of Red Kites in this area during the spring 2011. French regulation of vole control for plant protection is currently under revision, and we believe this event calls for more sustainable management of rodent outbreaks. Based on large-scale experiments undertaken in eastern France, we propose that direct control of voles at low density (with trapping or limited chemical treatments) and mechanical destruction of vole tunnels, mole control, landscape management, and predator fostering be included in future regulation because such practices could help resolve conservation and agricultural issues
Isabelle Fourel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do Bromadiolone treatments to control grassland water voles arvicola scherman affect small mustelid abundance
Pest Management Science, 2019Co-Authors: Javier Fernandezdesimon, Isabelle Fourel, Michael Coeurdassier, Geoffroy Couval, Patrick GiraudouxAbstract:BACKGROUND The use of pesticides can affect non-target species by causing population declines through indirect intoxication. Small mustelids (SMs; weasels, Mustela nivalis L.; stoats, Mustela erminea L.) consume water voles (WVs, Arvicola scherman S.) and can be exposed to Bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide used in some countries to reduce WV damage to grasslands. Here, we investigated whether Bromadiolone affected SM abundance. RESULTS We monitored SM abundance using footprint tracking tunnels in spring and autumn at ten sites. Among these sites, four were treated with Bromadiolone, while six were not treated. We found reduced SM abundance at these four sites from spring to autumn (treated sites, mean ± SE SM abundance change = -1.68 ± 0.42; untreated sites, 0.29 ± 0.25). Using a linear model, we observed that SM abundance decreased as a function of the quantity of Bromadiolone applied during the 3 months before the autumn estimate. We found that WV abundance increased at treated sites (linear model, treated sites, mean ± SE WV abundance change = 1.4 ± 0.4; untreated sites, 0.33 ± 0.25). Thus, at treated sites, SM abundance declined despite increased food availability. By analyzing residues in vole livers and SM scats we showed that SMs may be exposed to Bromadiolone at the sites where this compound was used. CONCLUSION This study is the first to document the relationship between SM abundance and Bromadiolone usage for small mammal control. Declines in SM abundance were observed at treated sites, where Bromadiolone residue was found in SM scats. This correlative approach suggests that Bromadiolone treatment may lead to seasonal SM declines and associated WV increases. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Liver and fecal samples suggest differential exposure of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) to trans- and cis-Bromadiolone in areas from France treated with plant protection products
Science of the Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Isabelle Fourel, Etienne Benoit, Mickaël Sage, Virginie LattardAbstract:Bromadiolone, a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGARs), is authorized in France to control water voles (Arvicola scherman) outbreaks. SGARs enter the food chain and their persistence in rodents is responsible for secondary exposure or poisoning of predators and scavengers. Bromadiolone commercial formulations are a mixture of two diastereoisomers of Bromadiolone: 70-90% is trans-Bromadiolone and 10-30% is cis-Bromadiolone. Both diastereoisomers were reported to inhibit coagulation function with similar potency. On the other hand, cis-Bromadiolone has been shown to be less tissue-persistent than trans-Bromadiolone in rats. Furthermore, cis-Bromadiolone was not found in liver of red kites after Bromadiolone poisonings of water voles. In this study, amulti-residue LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the diastereoisomers of SGARs was used to investigate their proportions in field samples of another vole's predator, the red fox. Red fox livers (n = 48) and scats (n = 160) were collected in a pesticide use zone within a few months of Bromadiolone application. We reported the concentrations of Bromadiolone diastereoisomers in the livers and scats. Accumulation of Bromadiolone was apparent in 81% (n = 39) of the livers with mean and max concentrations of 355 and 2060 ng/g, and in 23% of the faeces with mean and max concentrations of 78.5 and 593 ng/g. However, cis-Bromadiolone was not detected in the liver of 35 of 39 exposed red foxes and was present at very low concentrations (below 24.6 ng/g) in 4 of 39 exposed red foxes. It was not detected in 11 of the positive scats and represented only 4.2% of the Bromadiolone residues in scats. This demonstrated differential persistence of trans- and cis-Bromadiolone in the food chain. The results suggest that a change of the proportions of Bromadiolone diastereoisomers in baits could reduce the risk of secondary poisoning of predators, but retain primary toxicity for control water voles outbreaks.
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Cis-Bromadiolone diastereoisomer is not involved in Bromadiolone Red Kite (Milvus milvus) poisoning
Science of the Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Isabelle Fourel, Marlène Damin-pernik, Etienne Benoit, Virginie LattardAbstract:Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are widely used pesticides to control rodent populations. Bromadiolone, a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGARs), is authorized in France to control the population of water voles (Arvicola scherman). The persistence of SGARs in rodents is responsible for secondary exposure or poisoning of predators and scavengers, and is of ecological concern for the conservation of endangered species. Commercial formulations are a mixture of two diastereoisomers of Bromadiolone: 70-90% is trans-Bromadiolone and 10-30% is cis-Bromadiolone. Both diastereoisomers have been shown to inhibit coagulation function with the same potency. On the other hand, cis-Bromadiolone has been shown to be less tissue-persistent than transBromadiolone in rats. This difference led to residue levels in rats with substantially weakened proportion in cis-Bromadiolone compared to the composition of baits. In this study, a multi-residue LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the diastereoisomers of SGARs was used to investigate their proportions in field samples of predators. In 2011, 28 red kites (Milvus milvus) were found dead within a few months of Bromadiolone application in grassland to control water vole outbreaks. In this study, we report the concentrations of the two diastereoisomers of Bromadiolone measured in the livers of thirteen red kites. Exposure to Bromadiolone was apparent in all the kites with hepatic concentrations of transBromadiolone ranging from 390 to 870 ng/g (89 to 99% of summed SGARs). However, cis-Bromadiolone was not detected in 5 of 13 red kites and was present at very low concentrations (below 2.2 ng/g) in 8 of 13 kites, demonstrating that cis-Bromadiolone is not involved in this red kite poisoning event. The results suggest that a change of the proportions of Bromadiolone diastereoisomers in baits could reduce the risk of secondary poisoning of predators, but retain primary toxicity for control rodent outbreaks.
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Non-invasive monitoring of red fox exposure to rodenticides from scats
Ecological Indicators, 2017Co-Authors: Yves Prat-mairet, Patrick Giraudoux, Isabelle Fourel, Mickaël Sage, Jacques Barrat, Michael CoeurdassierAbstract:Exposure of wildlife to anticoagulant rodenticides is mainly assessed by analysing residues in the tissues, notably liver, of dead animals. Recent finding suggested that the analysis of active ingredients in mammal scats sampled in the field could be used as a non-invasive method to monitor non-lethal exposure in populations. Here, we measure experimentally the persistence of 6 anticoagulant rodenticides in fox scats when placed under natural conditions. Six foxes were fed with voles dosed with brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, warfarin, difenacoum and difethialone in controlled conditions and their faeces were collected. Then, the scats were placed outside, thus exposed to weathering, and sampled up to four months later to measure the concentrations of the 6 rodenticides. We showed that both the concentrations and the occurrence of residues in the scats decreased rapidly for all these pesticides. Based on concentrations, the degradation half-lives ranged from 5.26 days for chlorophacinone to 7.98 days for Bromadiolone. Furthermore, the probability of sampling a scat containing detectable residues decreased by 10% after 7d, 2d, 10d, 5d, 3d and 10d for warfarin, chlorophacinone, Bromadiolone, brodifacoum, difenacoum and difethialone respectively. Thus, in terms of using residues in scats to monitor fox exposure to rodenticides, we recommend first, to clear the studied areas of old faeces and then, sample scats after a short period, ideally
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Core-shell LC-MS/MS method for quantification of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides diastereoisomers in rat liver in relationship with exposure of wild rats.
Journal of chromatography. B Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Isabelle Fourel, Marlène Damin-pernik, Etienne Benoit, Virginie LattardAbstract:Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs), pesticides used worldwide to control rodent populations, exist in two diastereoisomer chemical species because they own two stereogenic centers. A core-shell LC-MS/MS multi-residue method for comprehensive quantitative analysis of the diastereoisomers of five SGARs as well as three first generation anticoagulant rodenticide molecules has been fully validated in liver of rats according to a bioanalytical guideline. A core-shell column (superficially porous particles) has been chosen for its ability to separate the diastereomers of Bromadiolone, difenacoum, brodifacoum, flocoumafen and difethialone and for its robustness to rat liver extracts. The highly selective chromatographic separation of the diastereoisomers contributes to good signal to noise ratios and then enhances the sensitivity of the method compared to the ones of fully porous columns. An elution gradient has been optimized with 10mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as aqueous/organic mobile phase respectively. Triple quadrupole mass detector has been used to achieve specifity and LLOQ from 0.92 to 2.2ng/g for each diastereoisomer, or first generation anticoagulant rodenticides. Then we evidenced diastereoisomeric ratios in liver of rats issued from not controlled exposure of wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) trapped in a French Parisian park through a campaign of rodent eradication. We compared them to diastereoisomeric ratios in SGARs commercial baits that contain both isomers, and showed that one of the two diastereoiomers had nearly disappeared in liver of rats. The proportions of cis-Bromadiolone and trans-difenacoum were really lowered compared to the baits: 5/7 and 9/12 rats had only trans-Bromadiolone and cis-difenacoum hepatic residues respectively. Liver persistence of the two diastereoisomers of Bromadiolone and difenacoum was different due to differences in their pharmacokinetics in wild rats. The new core-shell LC-MS/MS method is particularly well adapted for further exploration of diastereoisomers ratios in rodent and predatory wildlife biological samples in order to evaluate ecological consequences of actual baits, to explore new formulated baits with a good balance between efficacity (ability to kill rodents) and diastereoisomers persistence, and hopefully to mitigate exposure of non-target species.
Coeurdassier Michaël - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Do Bromadiolone treatments to control grassland water voles (Arvicola scherman) affect small mustelid abundance?
'Wiley', 2019Co-Authors: Fernandez-de-simon Javier, Coeurdassier Michaël, Couval Geoffroy, Fourel Isabelle, Giraudoux PatrickAbstract:International audienceThe use of pesticides can affect non-target species by causing population declines through indirect intoxication. Small mustelids (SMs; weasels, Mustela nivalis L.; stoats, Mustela erminea L.) consume water voles (WVs, Arvicola scherman S.) and can be exposed to Bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide used in some countries to reduce WV damage to grasslands. Here, we investigated whether Bromadiolone affected SM abundance
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Accumulation of anticoagulant rodenticides (chlorophacinone, Bromadiolone and brodifacoum) in a non-target invertebrate, the slug, Deroceras reticulatum
'Elsevier BV', 2018Co-Authors: Alomar Hussein, Coeurdassier Michaël, Chabert André, Vey Daniele, Berny PhilippeAbstract:International audienceAnticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used worldwide to control populations of agricultural and urban rodents, but these pesticides may be accumulated in and poisoned non-target species of wildlife. Slugs may feed on rodenticide bait following field applications. Thus, it can be assumed that their predators are exposed to rodenticides through food chain transfer. However, AR exposure in the slugs has not been systematically studied. We investigated the accumulation of three ARs (chlorophacinone, Bromadiolone or brodifacoum) in the slug Deroceras reticulatum exposed for a period of 5days followed by depuration time of 4days in the laboratory. Moreover, we studied the exposure of slugs to brodifacoum in the field. In the laboratory exposure, the slugs consumed rodenticide baits, but no mortality was observed. After 1day, their concentrations were stable over the time and no differences were detected between the concentrations of the three ARs. After 5days of exposure, mean concentrations in slugs were 1.71, 1.91 and 0.44mg/kg wet weight for chlorophacinone, Bromadiolone and brodifacoum respectively. A significant decrease of Bromadiolone and brodifacoum in slugs was observed in the post exposure period. In the field study, brodifacoum was detected in >90% of analyzed slugs after application of brodifacoum baits. Then, based on a toxicity-exposure ratio approach, we found that slug consumption may represent a risk of secondary poisoning for three of their predators under acute, repeated or subchronic exposure scenarios. These results suggest that the slugs are not only the potential subject to primary exposure, but also the source of secondary exposure for their predators following application of rodenticide baits
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Non-invasive monitoring of red fox exposure to rodenticides from scats
'Elsevier BV', 2017Co-Authors: Prat-mairet Yves, Fourel Isabelle, Giraudoux Patrick, Sage Mickaël, Barrat Jacques, Coeurdassier MichaëlAbstract:International audienceExposure of wildlife to anticoagulant rodenticides is mainly assessed by analysing residues in the tissues, notably liver, of dead animals. Recent finding suggested that the analysis of active ingredients in mammal scats sampled in the field could be used as a non-invasive method to monitor non-lethal exposure in populations. Here, we measure experimentally the persistence of 6 anticoagulant rodenticides in fox scats when placed under natural conditions. Six foxes were fed with voles dosed with brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, warfarin, difenacoum and difethialone in controlled conditions and their faeces were collected. Then, the scats were placed outside, thus exposed to weathering, and sampled up to four months later to measure the concentrations of the 6 rodenticides. We showed that both the concentrations and the occurrence of residues in the scats decreased rapidly for all these pesticides. Based on concentrations, the degradation half-lives ranged from 5.26 days for chlorophacinone to 7.98 days for Bromadiolone. Furthermore, the probability of sampling a scat containing detectable residues decreased by 10% after 7d, 2d, 10d, 5d, 3d and 10d for warfarin, chlorophacinone, Bromadiolone, brodifacoum, difenacoum and difethialone respectively. Thus, in terms of using residues in scats to monitor fox exposure to rodenticides, we recommend first, to clear the studied areas of old faeces and then, sample scats after a short period, ideally
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Temporal variation of Water vole exposure to Bromadiolone following the recolonization of a treated plot
HAL CCSD, 2015Co-Authors: Sage Mickaël, Coeurdassier Michaël, Fourel Isabelle, Defaut Régis, Bagnoud Sophie, Giraudoux PatrickAbstract:International audienceThe anticoagulant rodenticide Bromadiolone is widely used as plant protection product to control Water vole outbreaks in European grasslands. Following a treatment, vole population declines rapidly and reaches very low density 3 weeks after bait applications. Then, the plot could be recolonized by voles coming from surrounding plots. When buried in artificial galleries, the persistence of Bromadiolone in baits has been showed to be short (DT50 ~ 3 to 6 days). However, baits may be stored in cavities by voles, which increases dramatically the persistence of Bromadiolone in the environment (DT50 from 25 to 43 days, Sage et al. 2007, Environ. Pollut. 147). In this study, we aim to document the exposure to Bromadiolone of Water voles recolonizing a plot several months after a treatment. To simulate the recolonization, some water voles were trapped alive in non-treated grasslands and marked. Then, they were reintroduced in an experimental plot 1.5, 3 and 6 months after bait application, trapped during the 7 to 10 days following their re-introduction and Bromadiolone residues were measured in their tissues. Measured residues were compared to those measured by Sage et al. (2008 STOTEN 407) in voles trapped during the days following bait application. Most of the time, concentrations were lower, but our results show that Bromadiolone may persist in vole populations during several months after a treatment and thus, may lead to chronic exposure of wildlife to low doses of rodenticides
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Évolution des effets non intentionnels de la lutte chimique contre le campagnol terrestre sur la faune sauvage et domestique
Association française pour la production fourragère, 2014Co-Authors: Coeurdassier Michaël, Couval Geoffroy, Berny Philippe, Decors Anouk, Jacquot Manon, Queffélec S, Quintaine Thomas, Giraudoux PatrickAbstract:International audienceThe use of Bromadiolone to combat water vole outbreaks can result in the accidental poisoning of non-target fauna (e.g., raptors, foxes, and wild boars). Available data indicate that switching from a curative approach (applied post outbreak) to a preventative approach (applied before outbreaks occur) can limit these unintended secondary effects. In May 2014, a joint ministerial order was issued that established how Bromadiolone (an anticoagulant) could be employed in agricultural settings and that promoted integrated control practices. Efforts related to these new regulations include 1) the development of a decision-making tool that can help prevent the accidental poisoning of non-target species and 2) the establishment of a new standardised monitoring regime to quantify Bromadiolone’s unintended secondary effects and the pesticide’s accumulation in the tissues of non-target fauna.L’utilisation de Bromadiolone pour lutter contre les pullulations de campagnols terrestres est responsable d’intoxications de la faune noncible (rapaces, renards, sangliers...). Les indicateurs disponibles montrent que le passage d’une logique de lutte curative à celle d’unelutte préventive a permis de limiter les effets non intentionnels de la Bromadiolone. Un arrêté interministériel encadrant l’emploi de cetanticoagulant en plein champ et favorisant les principes de la lutte raisonnée a été promulgué en mai 2014. Les enjeux liés à cetteréglementation concernent la validation d’un outil d’aide à la décision développé pour prévenir les intoxications d’espèces non-cibles etla mise en place d’une surveillance standardisée de l’imprégnation de la faune par la Bromadiolone et de ses effets non intentionnels
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do Bromadiolone treatments to control grassland water voles arvicola scherman affect small mustelid abundance
Pest Management Science, 2019Co-Authors: Javier Fernandezdesimon, Isabelle Fourel, Michael Coeurdassier, Geoffroy Couval, Patrick GiraudouxAbstract:BACKGROUND The use of pesticides can affect non-target species by causing population declines through indirect intoxication. Small mustelids (SMs; weasels, Mustela nivalis L.; stoats, Mustela erminea L.) consume water voles (WVs, Arvicola scherman S.) and can be exposed to Bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide used in some countries to reduce WV damage to grasslands. Here, we investigated whether Bromadiolone affected SM abundance. RESULTS We monitored SM abundance using footprint tracking tunnels in spring and autumn at ten sites. Among these sites, four were treated with Bromadiolone, while six were not treated. We found reduced SM abundance at these four sites from spring to autumn (treated sites, mean ± SE SM abundance change = -1.68 ± 0.42; untreated sites, 0.29 ± 0.25). Using a linear model, we observed that SM abundance decreased as a function of the quantity of Bromadiolone applied during the 3 months before the autumn estimate. We found that WV abundance increased at treated sites (linear model, treated sites, mean ± SE WV abundance change = 1.4 ± 0.4; untreated sites, 0.33 ± 0.25). Thus, at treated sites, SM abundance declined despite increased food availability. By analyzing residues in vole livers and SM scats we showed that SMs may be exposed to Bromadiolone at the sites where this compound was used. CONCLUSION This study is the first to document the relationship between SM abundance and Bromadiolone usage for small mammal control. Declines in SM abundance were observed at treated sites, where Bromadiolone residue was found in SM scats. This correlative approach suggests that Bromadiolone treatment may lead to seasonal SM declines and associated WV increases. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Non-invasive monitoring of red fox exposure to rodenticides from scats
Ecological Indicators, 2017Co-Authors: Yves Prat-mairet, Patrick Giraudoux, Isabelle Fourel, Mickaël Sage, Jacques Barrat, Michael CoeurdassierAbstract:Exposure of wildlife to anticoagulant rodenticides is mainly assessed by analysing residues in the tissues, notably liver, of dead animals. Recent finding suggested that the analysis of active ingredients in mammal scats sampled in the field could be used as a non-invasive method to monitor non-lethal exposure in populations. Here, we measure experimentally the persistence of 6 anticoagulant rodenticides in fox scats when placed under natural conditions. Six foxes were fed with voles dosed with brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, warfarin, difenacoum and difethialone in controlled conditions and their faeces were collected. Then, the scats were placed outside, thus exposed to weathering, and sampled up to four months later to measure the concentrations of the 6 rodenticides. We showed that both the concentrations and the occurrence of residues in the scats decreased rapidly for all these pesticides. Based on concentrations, the degradation half-lives ranged from 5.26 days for chlorophacinone to 7.98 days for Bromadiolone. Furthermore, the probability of sampling a scat containing detectable residues decreased by 10% after 7d, 2d, 10d, 5d, 3d and 10d for warfarin, chlorophacinone, Bromadiolone, brodifacoum, difenacoum and difethialone respectively. Thus, in terms of using residues in scats to monitor fox exposure to rodenticides, we recommend first, to clear the studied areas of old faeces and then, sample scats after a short period, ideally
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Unintentional wildlife poisoning and proposals for sustainable management of rodents
Conservation Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Michael Coeurdassier, Romain Riols, Anouk Decors, Aymeric Mionnet, Thomas Quintaine, Denis Truchetet, Fabienne David, Renaud Scheifler, Patrick GiraudouxAbstract:In Europe, Bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide authorized for plant protection, may be applied intensively in fields to control rodents. The high level of poisoning of wildlife that follows such treatments over large areas has been frequently reported. In France, Bromadiolone has been used to control water voles (Arvicola terrestris) since the 1980s. Both regulation and practices of rodent control have evolved during the last 15 years to restrict the quantity of poisoned bait used by farmers. This has led to a drastic reduction of the number of cases of poisoned wildlife reported by the French surveillance network SAGIR. During the autumn and winter 2011, favorable weather conditions and high vole densities led to the staging of several hundreds of Red Kites (Milvus milvus) in the Puy-de-Dôme department (central France). At the same time, intensive treatments with Bromadiolone were performed in this area. Although no misuse has been mentioned by the authorities following controls, 28 Red Kites and 16 Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo) were found dead during surveys in November and December 2011. For all these birds, poisoning by Bromadiolone as the main cause of death was either confirmed or highly suspected. Other observations suggest a possible impact of Bromadiolone on the breeding population of Red Kites in this area during the spring 2011. French regulation of vole control for plant protection is currently under revision, and we believe this event calls for more sustainable management of rodent outbreaks. Based on large-scale experiments undertaken in eastern France, we propose that direct control of voles at low density (with trapping or limited chemical treatments) and mechanical destruction of vole tunnels, mole control, landscape management, and predator fostering be included in future regulation because such practices could help resolve conservation and agricultural issues.
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Persistence of Bromadiolone anticoagulant rodenticide in Arvicola terrestris populations after field control.
Environmental Research, 2006Co-Authors: Patrick Giraudoux, Catherine Tremollières, Brigitte Barbier, Régis Defaut, Dominique Rieffel, Nadine Bernard, Eric Lucot, Philippe BernyAbstract:This paper documents the exposure pattern of a population of small mammals to Bromadiolone over time in a field-scale follow up. This is the first assessment of the field-scale effect of such control operation on the availability of Bromadiolone-exposed A. terrestris prey to nontarget predator species. It indicates that an important risk of poisoning of nontarget species does exist during large-scale field control operations with Bromadiolone, which is contradictory to results obtained from laboratory experiments in the early 1980s and consistent with the secondary poisoning hazards due to repeated exposure regularly reported during the past 20 years.
