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Å.r. Almås - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plant uptake of Cadmium-109 and zinc-65 at different temperature and organic matter levels.
Journal of environmental quality, 2001Co-Authors: Å.r. Almås, B.r. SinghAbstract:The uptake of 109Cd and 65Zn and their stable isotopes by ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), grown on two different soil types, was investigated in climatically controlled growth chambers at 9 and 21 degrees C. The soils were treated with 0 and 4% organic matter (pig [Sus scrofa] manure) and spiked with 109Cd and 65Zn before sowing. The organic matter addition resulted in increased uptake of the 109Cd, Cd, and Zn by ryegrass, but the uptake of 65Zn was decreased. The latter effect was ascribed to isotopic dilution of 65Zn as the amount of stable Zn in the plant tissues increased with the organic matter addition. The effect of temperature was more pronounced than that of organic matter addition, and the uptake of both 109Cd and 65Zn and their stable isotopes was higher in ryegrass grown at 21 degrees C than that grown at 9 degrees C. Results from fractionation and speciation analysis of soil Cadmium and zinc were correlated with plant uptake, and there was a good consistency between observed plant uptake and the physico-chemical forms of Cadmium and zinc in soil and soil solution presumed to be plant available.
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Changes in partitioning of Cadmium-109 and zinc-65 in soil as affected by organic matter addition and temperature
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000Co-Authors: Å.r. Almås, B. Salbu, B.r. SinghAbstract:Soil collected from the A horizon of a soil developed from alum shale was added organic matter at the rate of 0 and 4% (w/w) and placed in temperature-controlled climate chambers at 9 and 21°C. After spiking the soil with 109 Cd and 65 Zn, sequential extraction of the tracers was performed on soil subsamples collected at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 8760 h (1 yr). The activity concentrations of 109 Cd and 65 Zn determined in the seven extracts were used in a three-component model to calculate the kinetics of 109 Cd and 65 Zn transfer between the water-soluble, reversibly sorbed and irreversibly sorbed model components. The rates and the time-dependent distribution coefficient constants for 109 Cd and 65 Zn distribution among the three components were determined, and the impacts of organic matter addition and increasing temperature on these constants were assessed. The reversible sorption of the tracers occurred rapidly, within 0.5 h, while the transfer of reversibly sorbed 109 Cd and 65 Zn into the irreversibly sorbed fractions was a significantly slower process. The addition of organic matter reduced the rate of 109 Cd and 65 Zn transfer into the irreversibly sorbed fractions, whereas the transfer rate increased with increasing temperature. The interaction between organic matter and temperature affected both the rates and the pseudoequilibrium constants, and the temperature regimes and rate of organic matter addition may thus influence the potential mobility of the investigated metals.
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Mobility of Cadmium-109 and Zinc-65 in Soil Influenced by Equilibration Time, Temperature, and Organic Matter
Journal of Environmental Quality, 1999Co-Authors: Å.r. Almås, B.r. Singh, B. SalbuAbstract:Partitioning of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn fractions in an alum shale soil as affected by time, temperature, and organic matter was investigated. The soil was extracted sequentially by H{sub 2}O (F1), 1 M NH{sub 4}OAc at pH 7 (F2), 1 M NH{sub 4}OAc at pH 5 (F3), 0.04 M NH{sub 2}OH HCl (F4{minus}), 30% H{sub 2}O{sub 2} (F5{minus}), and finally by 7 M HNO{sub 3} (F6). Sequential extraction of metals was performed on soil samples collected at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 8,760 h (1 yr) after spiking the soil with {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn. The soil was placed incipiently in temperature controlled climate chambers at 9, 15, and 21 C. Before spiking, the soil was treated with 3 or 4% organic matter. Adsorption of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn was rapid, but a subsequent slow diffusion of the metals toward chemisorbed fractions was also evident since the {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn concentrations decreased in the three mobile fractions (F1--F3) and increased in the inert fractions (F4, F5, F6 and F7) with time. Temperature elevation resulted in decreased concentrations of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in the F2 and F3 fractions, whereas the concentrations of thesemore » metals increased in the inert fractions. In the organic matter-treated soil, {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn were increased significantly in the mobile fractions, with a corresponding reduction of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in the inert fractions. The effect of organic matter was more pronounced at 9 C than at 21 C. The results thus indicate that increasing time and temperature reduce the organic matter-induced mobilization of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in soil.« less
B.r. Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plant uptake of Cadmium-109 and zinc-65 at different temperature and organic matter levels.
Journal of environmental quality, 2001Co-Authors: Å.r. Almås, B.r. SinghAbstract:The uptake of 109Cd and 65Zn and their stable isotopes by ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), grown on two different soil types, was investigated in climatically controlled growth chambers at 9 and 21 degrees C. The soils were treated with 0 and 4% organic matter (pig [Sus scrofa] manure) and spiked with 109Cd and 65Zn before sowing. The organic matter addition resulted in increased uptake of the 109Cd, Cd, and Zn by ryegrass, but the uptake of 65Zn was decreased. The latter effect was ascribed to isotopic dilution of 65Zn as the amount of stable Zn in the plant tissues increased with the organic matter addition. The effect of temperature was more pronounced than that of organic matter addition, and the uptake of both 109Cd and 65Zn and their stable isotopes was higher in ryegrass grown at 21 degrees C than that grown at 9 degrees C. Results from fractionation and speciation analysis of soil Cadmium and zinc were correlated with plant uptake, and there was a good consistency between observed plant uptake and the physico-chemical forms of Cadmium and zinc in soil and soil solution presumed to be plant available.
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Heavy Metals in the Environment Plant Uptake of Cadmium-109 and Zinc-65 at Different Temperature and Organic Matter Levels
2001Co-Authors: R. Almas, B.r. SinghAbstract:ABSTRACT correlated with the free ion or labile metal form in The uptake of 109 Cd and 65 Zn and their stable isotopes by ryegrass waters (Florence, 1986; Neal and Sposito, 1986) and soil( Lolium multiflorum Lam.), grown on two different soil types, was solutions (Sauve et al., 1996). This is in agreement with investigated in climatically controlled growth chambers at 9 and 21 8 C. the free metal ion hypothesis, which states that the bio-The soils were treated with 0 and 4% organic matter (pig [ Sus scrofa ] availability of trace metals is related to the activity of manure) and spiked with 109 Cd and 65 Zn before sowing. The organic the free aquo ion (Lund, 1990). But this hypothesis may matter addition resulted in increased uptake of the 109 Cd, Cd, and Zn not be valid in all situations. McLaughlin et al. (1997) by ryegrass, but the uptake of 65 Zn was decreased. The latter effect found, for instance, that the uptake of Cd and Zn by was ascribed to isotopic dilution of 65 Zn as the amount of stable Zn
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Changes in partitioning of Cadmium-109 and zinc-65 in soil as affected by organic matter addition and temperature
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000Co-Authors: Å.r. Almås, B. Salbu, B.r. SinghAbstract:Soil collected from the A horizon of a soil developed from alum shale was added organic matter at the rate of 0 and 4% (w/w) and placed in temperature-controlled climate chambers at 9 and 21°C. After spiking the soil with 109 Cd and 65 Zn, sequential extraction of the tracers was performed on soil subsamples collected at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 8760 h (1 yr). The activity concentrations of 109 Cd and 65 Zn determined in the seven extracts were used in a three-component model to calculate the kinetics of 109 Cd and 65 Zn transfer between the water-soluble, reversibly sorbed and irreversibly sorbed model components. The rates and the time-dependent distribution coefficient constants for 109 Cd and 65 Zn distribution among the three components were determined, and the impacts of organic matter addition and increasing temperature on these constants were assessed. The reversible sorption of the tracers occurred rapidly, within 0.5 h, while the transfer of reversibly sorbed 109 Cd and 65 Zn into the irreversibly sorbed fractions was a significantly slower process. The addition of organic matter reduced the rate of 109 Cd and 65 Zn transfer into the irreversibly sorbed fractions, whereas the transfer rate increased with increasing temperature. The interaction between organic matter and temperature affected both the rates and the pseudoequilibrium constants, and the temperature regimes and rate of organic matter addition may thus influence the potential mobility of the investigated metals.
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Mobility of Cadmium-109 and Zinc-65 in Soil Influenced by Equilibration Time, Temperature, and Organic Matter
Journal of Environmental Quality, 1999Co-Authors: Å.r. Almås, B.r. Singh, B. SalbuAbstract:Partitioning of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn fractions in an alum shale soil as affected by time, temperature, and organic matter was investigated. The soil was extracted sequentially by H{sub 2}O (F1), 1 M NH{sub 4}OAc at pH 7 (F2), 1 M NH{sub 4}OAc at pH 5 (F3), 0.04 M NH{sub 2}OH HCl (F4{minus}), 30% H{sub 2}O{sub 2} (F5{minus}), and finally by 7 M HNO{sub 3} (F6). Sequential extraction of metals was performed on soil samples collected at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 8,760 h (1 yr) after spiking the soil with {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn. The soil was placed incipiently in temperature controlled climate chambers at 9, 15, and 21 C. Before spiking, the soil was treated with 3 or 4% organic matter. Adsorption of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn was rapid, but a subsequent slow diffusion of the metals toward chemisorbed fractions was also evident since the {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn concentrations decreased in the three mobile fractions (F1--F3) and increased in the inert fractions (F4, F5, F6 and F7) with time. Temperature elevation resulted in decreased concentrations of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in the F2 and F3 fractions, whereas the concentrations of thesemore » metals increased in the inert fractions. In the organic matter-treated soil, {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn were increased significantly in the mobile fractions, with a corresponding reduction of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in the inert fractions. The effect of organic matter was more pronounced at 9 C than at 21 C. The results thus indicate that increasing time and temperature reduce the organic matter-induced mobilization of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in soil.« less
B. Salbu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes in partitioning of Cadmium-109 and zinc-65 in soil as affected by organic matter addition and temperature
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000Co-Authors: Å.r. Almås, B. Salbu, B.r. SinghAbstract:Soil collected from the A horizon of a soil developed from alum shale was added organic matter at the rate of 0 and 4% (w/w) and placed in temperature-controlled climate chambers at 9 and 21°C. After spiking the soil with 109 Cd and 65 Zn, sequential extraction of the tracers was performed on soil subsamples collected at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 8760 h (1 yr). The activity concentrations of 109 Cd and 65 Zn determined in the seven extracts were used in a three-component model to calculate the kinetics of 109 Cd and 65 Zn transfer between the water-soluble, reversibly sorbed and irreversibly sorbed model components. The rates and the time-dependent distribution coefficient constants for 109 Cd and 65 Zn distribution among the three components were determined, and the impacts of organic matter addition and increasing temperature on these constants were assessed. The reversible sorption of the tracers occurred rapidly, within 0.5 h, while the transfer of reversibly sorbed 109 Cd and 65 Zn into the irreversibly sorbed fractions was a significantly slower process. The addition of organic matter reduced the rate of 109 Cd and 65 Zn transfer into the irreversibly sorbed fractions, whereas the transfer rate increased with increasing temperature. The interaction between organic matter and temperature affected both the rates and the pseudoequilibrium constants, and the temperature regimes and rate of organic matter addition may thus influence the potential mobility of the investigated metals.
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Mobility of Cadmium-109 and Zinc-65 in Soil Influenced by Equilibration Time, Temperature, and Organic Matter
Journal of Environmental Quality, 1999Co-Authors: Å.r. Almås, B.r. Singh, B. SalbuAbstract:Partitioning of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn fractions in an alum shale soil as affected by time, temperature, and organic matter was investigated. The soil was extracted sequentially by H{sub 2}O (F1), 1 M NH{sub 4}OAc at pH 7 (F2), 1 M NH{sub 4}OAc at pH 5 (F3), 0.04 M NH{sub 2}OH HCl (F4{minus}), 30% H{sub 2}O{sub 2} (F5{minus}), and finally by 7 M HNO{sub 3} (F6). Sequential extraction of metals was performed on soil samples collected at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 8,760 h (1 yr) after spiking the soil with {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn. The soil was placed incipiently in temperature controlled climate chambers at 9, 15, and 21 C. Before spiking, the soil was treated with 3 or 4% organic matter. Adsorption of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn was rapid, but a subsequent slow diffusion of the metals toward chemisorbed fractions was also evident since the {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn concentrations decreased in the three mobile fractions (F1--F3) and increased in the inert fractions (F4, F5, F6 and F7) with time. Temperature elevation resulted in decreased concentrations of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in the F2 and F3 fractions, whereas the concentrations of thesemore » metals increased in the inert fractions. In the organic matter-treated soil, {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn were increased significantly in the mobile fractions, with a corresponding reduction of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in the inert fractions. The effect of organic matter was more pronounced at 9 C than at 21 C. The results thus indicate that increasing time and temperature reduce the organic matter-induced mobilization of {sup 109}Cd and {sup 65}Zn in soil.« less
Andrzej Grosicki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Magnesium supplements affect selected Cadmium toxic actions and uptake of repeated doses of Cadmium
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 2015Co-Authors: Andrzej Grosicki, Jerzy Monkiewicz, Paweł Małagocki, Anna Kycko, Waldemar KorolAbstract:Abstract The importance of magnesium supplements on organ retention of Cadmium and allometric parameters after repeated exposure to Cadmium chloride were studied in male Wistar rats. Magnesium chloride was given via drinking water (500 mg Mg/L) to rats exposed intragastrically to Cadmium chloride (labelled with Cadmium 109) at a daily dose corresponding to 25 mg/kg diet for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. Supplements of magnesium temporarily decreased Cadmium retention in the duodenum and liver. No significant differences in Cadmium retention were evidenced in the kidneys and testicles. The supplements of magnesium also retain more of the body weight gains and restore the relative liver and testicle weight in rats intoxicated with Cadmium. Comparison of the present results with earlier reports suggests a relationship between doses of magnesium and Cadmium; higher doses of Cadmium need more magnesium to overcome toxic action of the heavy metal.
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INFLUENCE OF MAGNESIUM ON THE CARCASS RETENTION OF Cadmium IN RATS * WPèYW MAGNEZU NA RETENCJ Ę KADMU W KORPUSIE SZCZURÓW
2013Co-Authors: Andrzej GrosickiAbstract:The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the bioavailability of Cadmium in rats supplemented with magnesium via drinking water. Male Wistar rats divided into 2 groups (25 individuals each) were exposed intragastrically to water solution of Cadmium chloride (labelled with 109 Cd) daily at a dose resembling 10 ppm of Cadmium in diet. Rats in group I and II were maintained in plastic cages (4 rats per cage) at 22 to 24°C with free access to commercial rodent chow and tap water. Rats in group II were additionally supplemented with magnesium via drinking water (500 mg Mg/dm 3 ). Carcass counting techniques were used to estimate Cadmium absorption. The carcass retention of Cadmium 109 was counted in a semiconductor german detector (Camberra Packard) with a multichannel analyzer after 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week administration. The rats in the two groups revealed a steady state decline with time in the percentage of Cadmium 109 in the carcass. However, rats in group II demonstrated a lower Cadmium retention throughout the whole experimental period in comparison to that in rats not supplemented with magnesium. The differences were statistically significant after a 4-week exposure. Unlike the percentage content, the total amount of Cadmium in the carcass increased with time of exposure. Results indicate that supplements of magnesium reduce gastrointestinal uptake of Cadmium. It may be suggested that the beneficial action of magnesium on Cadmium reduction in the body increases with the length of time of the two metal co-administration.
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INFLUENCE OF MAGNESIUM ON THE DEPOSITION OF Cadmium IN RATS
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 2012Co-Authors: Andrzej GrosickiAbstract:Magnesium chloride was given via drinking water (500 mg Mg/L) to rats exposed intragastrically to Cadmium (Cadmium 109) at a dose corresponding to 10 mg/kg diet for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The results provided the evidence that magnesium decreased Cadmium retention in the duodenum, kidneys, and liver after 7 d. Significant reduction in Cadmium retention was also found on days 14 d and 21 in kidneys. No significant decreases in Cadmium retention in the organs examined were noted after 28 d. The results suggest that beneficial action of magnesium on body Cadmium accumulation ceased with time after the two metal administration.
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Influence of vitamin C on Cadmium absorption and distribution in rats.
Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 2004Co-Authors: Andrzej GrosickiAbstract:Abstract The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary vitamin C supplement on Cadmium absorption and distribution in an animal model. An aqueous solution of Cadmium chloride (labelled with Cadmium-109) was given by gavage to male Wistar rats for 28 days at a daily dose corresponding to 10 mg Cd/kg diet (1.0–1.2 mg Cd/kg b.w.). The animals assigned to groups 1 and 2 (45 animals per group) received a standard laboratory diet LSM, and tap water or tap water supplemented with ascorbic acid (1.5 mg/l), respectively. The radioactivity of the samples was measured using a liquid scintillation counter (tissue samples) and a gas-flow automatic counter (ashed carcasses). The fractional uptake of Cadmium-109 in the carcass and organs was evaluated within 32 days after treatment by dividing the Cadmium-109 activity in the whole sample by the total activity of Cadmium-109 administered for 28 days. Results were compared using AUC (areas under the concentration–time curve) values. The vitamin C supplement decreased the carcass Cadmium burden and the Cadmium content in the liver, kidneys, testicles and muscles; the highest decreases were found in the testicles, the lowest ones in the muscles. In addition, the rats supplemented with vitamin C revealed an improved body weight gain during the experimental period.
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WHOLE-BODY AND ORGAN RETENTION OF Cadmium AFTER REPEATED ADMINISTRATION TO RATS
2002Co-Authors: Andrzej Grosicki, B. KowalskiAbstract:Male Wistar rats were exposed to a water solution of Cadmium chloride (labelled with Cadmium-109) at a dose corresponding to 10 mg Cd/kg diet for 28 days. Carcass, hepatic, renal and testicle distribution of Cadmium was studied for 32 days after dosing. Our results indicate that the carcass deposition of Cadmium was at a comparative level during the experimental period. Hepatic distribution pattern of Cadmium resembled that in the carcass. No substantial alterations in renal and testicle Cadmium content were noted. The muscles demonstrated markedly different pattern of Cadmium distribution in relation to the other organs; the highest levels were found till day 2 after dosing and decreased steadily thereafter. The liver, kidneys and muscles contained a substantial part (about 95%) of the total dose of Cadmium.
Maryka H. Bhattacharyya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cadmium 109 metabolism in mice ii organ retention in mice fed a nutritionally deficient diet during successive rounds of gestation and lactation
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 1993Co-Authors: Bartlett D. Whelton, D.p. Peterson, E.s. Moretti, Maryka H. BhattacharyyaAbstract:Organ retention of 109Cd was studied in multiparous and virgin female mice provided trace amounts of 109Cd in drinking water and stable Cd as well as certain nutrient minerals, vitamins, and fat all apportioned in solid diet in amounts appropriate for the itai‐itai experience. Breeder females maximally experienced 4 non‐consecutive rounds of gestation/lactation in a total of 5 such 42‐d periods. On a round‐by‐round basis, breeder organ 109Cd content and concentration values were compared with those from their time‐matched virgin controls. By the end of round 5, most organ 109Cd content values in breeders were still increasing. Relative to control values at that point, the following increases were observed: whole body (minus gastrointestinal tract), 4.7‐fold; mammary tissue, 12.5‐fold; liver, 4.7‐fold; and kidney, 4.8‐fold. Analogous increases in 109Cd concentration values were mammary tissue, 9.8‐fold; liver, 2.8‐fold; and kidney, 2.9‐fold. Through the five rounds, a temporal shift in fractional Cd distri...
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Cadmium-109 metabolism in mice. III. Organ retention in mice ovariectomized after experiencing multiple rounds of gestation and lactation.
Journal of toxicology and environmental health, 1993Co-Authors: Bartlett D. Whelton, D.p. Peterson, E.s. Moretti, Maryka H. BhattacharyyaAbstract:Organ retention of 109Cd was studied in multiparous female mice 6 wk after ovariectomy or sham‐control surgery. Females previously had experienced from three to five rounds of gestation/lactation during a maximum of 5 successive, 42‐d reproductive periods. Throughout the experiment, mice were provided with tracer amounts of 109Cd in drinking water as well as stable Cd appropriate for the itai‐itai experience in solid diets otherwise sufficient or deficient in nutrient quality. For sufficient‐diet females, organ 109Cd content and concentration values were somewhat lower in the ovariectomized group compared to the sham control group. For deficient‐diet females, the opposite trend occurred. When ovariectomized groups were compared with round 5 breeder groups of the same dietary experience, in almost all instances organ 109Cd content and concentration values were lower in the ovariectomized animals. Exceptions to this trend occurred in hepatic and especially renal tissues, where 109Cd concentrations were high...
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Cadmium‐109 metabolism in mice. II. Organ retention in mice fed a nutritionally deficient diet during successive rounds of gestation and lactation
Journal of toxicology and environmental health, 1993Co-Authors: Bartlett D. Whelton, D.p. Peterson, E.s. Moretti, Maryka H. BhattacharyyaAbstract:Organ retention of 109Cd was studied in multiparous and virgin female mice provided trace amounts of 109Cd in drinking water and stable Cd as well as certain nutrient minerals, vitamins, and fat all apportioned in solid diet in amounts appropriate for the itai‐itai experience. Breeder females maximally experienced 4 non‐consecutive rounds of gestation/lactation in a total of 5 such 42‐d periods. On a round‐by‐round basis, breeder organ 109Cd content and concentration values were compared with those from their time‐matched virgin controls. By the end of round 5, most organ 109Cd content values in breeders were still increasing. Relative to control values at that point, the following increases were observed: whole body (minus gastrointestinal tract), 4.7‐fold; mammary tissue, 12.5‐fold; liver, 4.7‐fold; and kidney, 4.8‐fold. Analogous increases in 109Cd concentration values were mammary tissue, 9.8‐fold; liver, 2.8‐fold; and kidney, 2.9‐fold. Through the five rounds, a temporal shift in fractional Cd distri...
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Cadmium-109 metabolism in mice. I. Organ retention in mice fed a nutritionally sufficient diet during successive rounds of gestation and lactation.
Journal of toxicology and environmental health, 1993Co-Authors: Bartlett D. Whelton, D.p. Peterson, E.s. Moretti, Maryka H. BhattacharyyaAbstract:Organ retention of 109Cd was studied in multiparous and virgin female mice provided tracer amounts of 109Cd in drinking water and stable Cd appropriate for the itai-itai experience in an otherwise nutrient replete solid diet. Breeder females maximally experienced 6 consecutive, 42-d rounds of gestation/lactation. On a round-by-round basis, breeder organ 109Cd content and concentration values were compared with those from their time-matched virgin controls. By the end of round 5, the 109Cd contents of some organs appeared to have plateaued in consecutive breeders. Comparing breeder with control values at that point, the following increases were observed: whole body (minus gastrointestinal tract), 4.7-fold; mammary tissue, 14.1-fold; liver, 5.9-fold; and kidney, 3.8-fold. For 109Cd concentrations, analogous increases were mammary tissue, 15.3-fold; liver, 4.0-fold; and kidney, 2.4-fold. Through the six rounds, a temporal shift in fractional 109Cd distribution was noted for breeder tissues where transfer occurred from those of the mammaries, remaining carcass, and liver to the kidneys. In spite of this shift, at the end of round 6 109Cd content in hepatic tissue still exceeded that in renal tissue; however, 109Cd concentration was 3.3-fold greater in the kidneys. For virgin female mice over the same period, a relatively smaller shift was observed from remaining carcass to kidneys. Unlike breeders, 109Cd content was identical in hepatic and renal tissues, while 109Cd concentration was 4.6-fold greater in the kidneys. With respect to renal 109Cd increases, the larger portion of these shifts had occurred by the end of round 2 for virgin mice and by the end of round 6 for breeder mice. Comparison of content and concentration measures for a single, time-matched, virgin male group with those from a virgin female group at the end of round 6 revealed distinguishable differences only for the mammary tissues; by either measure these were about threefold higher in the female one.
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Cadmium-109 metabolism in mice. IV. Diet versus maternal stores as a source of Cadmium transfer to mouse fetuses and pups during gestation and lactation
Journal of toxicology and environmental health, 1993Co-Authors: Bartlett D. Whelton, Jane M. Toomey, Maryka H. BhattacharyyaAbstract:The transfer of 109Cd from dam to offspring during gestation and lactation was studied in uniparous mice. From 70 to 210 d of age and during the subsequent reproductive period, young adult female mice received drinking water containing tracer amounts of 109Cd (8 ppb total Cd) and nutrient‐sufficient or ‐deficient solid diet containing stable Cd (5 ppm Cd). The nutrient quality of the deficient diet was patterned after that consumed by lapanese women who contracted itai‐itai disease. To evaluate established maternal stores as a potential source of Cadmium transfer to pups, some dams were switched to water with no 109Cd and diet with an environmental or control level of Cadmium (0.25 ppm Cd) during the reproductive period. The resulting pups were analyzed for 109Cd at birth and at 7‐d intervals throughout the lactation period. Pup 109Cd content at birth, representative of the amount transferred via the placenta during gestation, accounted for less than 1% of the total 109Cd transferred during the full repro...
