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Maura Palmery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relaxant effects of Hydrastis canadensis L. and its major alkaloids on guinea pig isolated trachea.
Pharmacology & toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: Hanin Abdel-haq, Maria Francesca Cometa, Maura Palmery, Maria Grazia Leone, Bruno Silvestrini, Luciano SasoAbstract:Hydrastis or goldenseal, one of the most popular medicinal herbs in the U.S.A., is used in mild pathological conditions like cold and flu, based on the pharmacological properties of its active components, berberine (anticholinergic, antisecretory, and antimicrobial) and beta-hydrastine (astringent). We previously reported the relaxant effect of a total ethanolic extract of hydrastis on carbachol precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea, and with the present study, using the same experimental model, we aimed at evaluating the contribution of its major alkaloids, berberine, beta-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline to the total effect. Furthermore, using specific pharmacological tools, like timolol and xanthine amine congener, we attempted to elucidate its mechanism of action. The EC50 of berberine, beta-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline, were 34.2+/-0.6, 72.8+/-0.6, 11.9+/-1.2 and 2.4+/-0.8 microg/ml, respectively. Timolol effectively antagonized the effect of Canadine (EC50 = 19.7+/-3.0 microg/ml) and canadaline (EC50 = 17.1+/-1.2 microg/ml) but not that of berberine and beta-hydrastine, while xanthine amine congener antagonized the effect of beta-hydrastine (EC50 = 149.9+/-35.3 microg/ml) and canadaline (EC50 = 26.1+/-3.0 microg/ml) but not that of berberine and Canadine. Besides, the hydrastis extract, at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 microg/ml, potentiated the relaxant effect of isoprenaline on carbachol-precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea. These data, which are insufficient to draw definite mechanistic conclusions, indicate that the aforementioned alkaloids may act by interacting with adrenergic and adenosinic receptors.
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Antibacterial activity of Hydrastis canadensis extract and its major isolated alkaloids.
Planta medica, 2001Co-Authors: F Scazzocchio, Maria Francesca Cometa, L Tomassini, Maura PalmeryAbstract:The antibacterial activity of extract and isolated major alkaloids (berberine, beta-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline) of Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) was evaluated against 6 strains of microorganism: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25 993 and ATCC 6538P), Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10 556), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25 922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27 853). Bactericidal activity was evaluated by contact test by measuring the "killing time" on a low density bacterial inoculum, and bacteriostatic activity in liquid medium by M.I.C. values. The results provide a rational basis for the traditional antibacterial use of Hydrastis canadensis.
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Antibacterial activity of Hydrastis canadensis extract and its major isolated alkaloids
'Georg Thieme Verlag KG', 2001Co-Authors: F Scazzocchio, Maria Francesca Cometa, L Tomassini, Maura PalmeryAbstract:The antibacterial activity of extract and isolated ma- jor alkaloids (berberine, b-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline) of Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) was evaluated against 6 strains of microorganism: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25993 and ATCC 6538P), Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Bactericidal activity was evaluated by contact test by measuring the ªkilling timeº on a low density bacterial inoculum, and bacteriostatic activity in liquid medium by M.I.C. values. The results provide a rational basis for the traditional antibacterial use of Hydrastis canadensis
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Relaxant effects of Hydrastis canadensis L. and its major alkaloids on guinea pig isolated trachea
'Wiley', 2000Co-Authors: Hanin Abdel-haq, Maria Francesca Cometa, Maura Palmery, Maria Grazia Leone, Luciano Saso, Bruno SilvestriniAbstract:Hydrastis or goldenseal, one of the most popular medicinal herbs in the U.S.A., is used in mild pathological conditions Like cold and flu, based on the pharmacological properties of its active components, berberine (anticholinergic, antisecretory, and antimicrobial) and Beta-hydrastine (astringent). We previously reported the relaxant effect of a total ethanolic extract of hydrastis on carbachol precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea, and with the present study, using the same experimental model, we aimed at evaluating the contribution of its major alkaloids, berberine, Beta-hydrastine, Canadine and; canadaline to the total effect. Furthermore, using specific pharmacological tools, like timolol and xanthine amine congener, we attempted to elucidate its mechanism of action. The ECS, of berberine, beta -hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline, went 34.2+/-0.6, 72.8+/-0.6, 11.9+/-1.2 and 2.4+/-0.8 mug/ml, respectively. Timolol effectively antagonized the effect of Canadine (EC50=19.7+/-3.0 mug/ml) and canadaline (EC50=17.1+/-1.2 mug/ml) but not that of berberine and Beta-hydrastine, while xanthine amine congener antagonized the effect of beta -hydrastine (EC50=149.9+/-35.3 mug/ml) and canadaline (EC50=26.1+/-3.0 mug/ml) but not that of berberine and Canadine. Besides, the hydrastis extract, at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 mug/ml, potentiated the relaxant effect of isoprenaline on carbachol-precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea. These data, which are insufficient to draw definite mechanistic conclusions, indicate that the aforementioned alkaloids may act by interacting with adrenergic and adenosinic receptors
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Response of rabbit detrusor muscle to total extract and major alkaloids of Hydrastis canadensis
Phytotherapy Research, 1998Co-Authors: P. Bolle, Maria Francesca Cometa, Maura Palmery, Paolo TucciAbstract:Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases, including bladder disorders and prostatitis. This study was designed to ascertain in bladder detrusor muscle the effects of an ethanol extract of the major alkaloids in Hydrastis canadensis. On rabbit bladder strips, the total extract of Hydrastis canadensis induced relaxation nearly comparable to the response evoked by isoproterenol (EC50); propranolol partly blocked relaxation induced by the extract. Conversely, when the major alkaloids in Hydrastis canadensis (berberine, β-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline) were added to the bath separately at concentrations several times higher than those present in the extract, none of them induced relaxation. These findings suggest that the relaxing effect depends on components other than the tested alkaloids, that the extract induces relaxation only partly through β-adrenoreceptors and that other mechanisms must be involved. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ricardo D Enriz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Canadine biological effects and structural aspects
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Estela Raquel Correche, Sebastian A Andujar, Rita R Kurdelas, Maria Jose Gomez Lechon, Monica L Freile, Ricardo D EnrizAbstract:The cytotoxic effects of four alkaloids, berberine, Canadine, anonaine, and antioquine were evaluated using three different cell cultures, a primary culture (rat hepatocytes) and two cell lines (HepG2 and HeLa). Our results indicate that berberine, anonaine, and antioquine possess a significant the cytotoxic effect. In contrast, Canadine does not possess cytotoxic effect at concentrations tested here. A molecular modeling study indicates that the quaternary nitrogen, the aromatic polycyclic and planar structure of berberine could be the pharmacophoric patron to produce the cytotoxic effect. In parallel our results demonstrated that Canadine possess a significant antioxidant activity. Stereoelectronic aspects of this alkaloid were found to be closely related to those displayed by alpha-tocopherol and its water-soluble analogue trolox. The antioxidant activities of Canadine, combined with its low-toxic effect, indicated that the potential of this alkaloid as a novel class of antioxidant agent is very interesting and deserves further research.
Maria Francesca Cometa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relaxant effects of Hydrastis canadensis L. and its major alkaloids on guinea pig isolated trachea.
Pharmacology & toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: Hanin Abdel-haq, Maria Francesca Cometa, Maura Palmery, Maria Grazia Leone, Bruno Silvestrini, Luciano SasoAbstract:Hydrastis or goldenseal, one of the most popular medicinal herbs in the U.S.A., is used in mild pathological conditions like cold and flu, based on the pharmacological properties of its active components, berberine (anticholinergic, antisecretory, and antimicrobial) and beta-hydrastine (astringent). We previously reported the relaxant effect of a total ethanolic extract of hydrastis on carbachol precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea, and with the present study, using the same experimental model, we aimed at evaluating the contribution of its major alkaloids, berberine, beta-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline to the total effect. Furthermore, using specific pharmacological tools, like timolol and xanthine amine congener, we attempted to elucidate its mechanism of action. The EC50 of berberine, beta-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline, were 34.2+/-0.6, 72.8+/-0.6, 11.9+/-1.2 and 2.4+/-0.8 microg/ml, respectively. Timolol effectively antagonized the effect of Canadine (EC50 = 19.7+/-3.0 microg/ml) and canadaline (EC50 = 17.1+/-1.2 microg/ml) but not that of berberine and beta-hydrastine, while xanthine amine congener antagonized the effect of beta-hydrastine (EC50 = 149.9+/-35.3 microg/ml) and canadaline (EC50 = 26.1+/-3.0 microg/ml) but not that of berberine and Canadine. Besides, the hydrastis extract, at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 microg/ml, potentiated the relaxant effect of isoprenaline on carbachol-precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea. These data, which are insufficient to draw definite mechanistic conclusions, indicate that the aforementioned alkaloids may act by interacting with adrenergic and adenosinic receptors.
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Antibacterial activity of Hydrastis canadensis extract and its major isolated alkaloids.
Planta medica, 2001Co-Authors: F Scazzocchio, Maria Francesca Cometa, L Tomassini, Maura PalmeryAbstract:The antibacterial activity of extract and isolated major alkaloids (berberine, beta-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline) of Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) was evaluated against 6 strains of microorganism: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25 993 and ATCC 6538P), Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10 556), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25 922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27 853). Bactericidal activity was evaluated by contact test by measuring the "killing time" on a low density bacterial inoculum, and bacteriostatic activity in liquid medium by M.I.C. values. The results provide a rational basis for the traditional antibacterial use of Hydrastis canadensis.
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Antibacterial activity of Hydrastis canadensis extract and its major isolated alkaloids
'Georg Thieme Verlag KG', 2001Co-Authors: F Scazzocchio, Maria Francesca Cometa, L Tomassini, Maura PalmeryAbstract:The antibacterial activity of extract and isolated ma- jor alkaloids (berberine, b-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline) of Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) was evaluated against 6 strains of microorganism: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25993 and ATCC 6538P), Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Bactericidal activity was evaluated by contact test by measuring the ªkilling timeº on a low density bacterial inoculum, and bacteriostatic activity in liquid medium by M.I.C. values. The results provide a rational basis for the traditional antibacterial use of Hydrastis canadensis
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Relaxant effects of Hydrastis canadensis L. and its major alkaloids on guinea pig isolated trachea
'Wiley', 2000Co-Authors: Hanin Abdel-haq, Maria Francesca Cometa, Maura Palmery, Maria Grazia Leone, Luciano Saso, Bruno SilvestriniAbstract:Hydrastis or goldenseal, one of the most popular medicinal herbs in the U.S.A., is used in mild pathological conditions Like cold and flu, based on the pharmacological properties of its active components, berberine (anticholinergic, antisecretory, and antimicrobial) and Beta-hydrastine (astringent). We previously reported the relaxant effect of a total ethanolic extract of hydrastis on carbachol precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea, and with the present study, using the same experimental model, we aimed at evaluating the contribution of its major alkaloids, berberine, Beta-hydrastine, Canadine and; canadaline to the total effect. Furthermore, using specific pharmacological tools, like timolol and xanthine amine congener, we attempted to elucidate its mechanism of action. The ECS, of berberine, beta -hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline, went 34.2+/-0.6, 72.8+/-0.6, 11.9+/-1.2 and 2.4+/-0.8 mug/ml, respectively. Timolol effectively antagonized the effect of Canadine (EC50=19.7+/-3.0 mug/ml) and canadaline (EC50=17.1+/-1.2 mug/ml) but not that of berberine and Beta-hydrastine, while xanthine amine congener antagonized the effect of beta -hydrastine (EC50=149.9+/-35.3 mug/ml) and canadaline (EC50=26.1+/-3.0 mug/ml) but not that of berberine and Canadine. Besides, the hydrastis extract, at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 mug/ml, potentiated the relaxant effect of isoprenaline on carbachol-precontracted isolated guinea pig trachea. These data, which are insufficient to draw definite mechanistic conclusions, indicate that the aforementioned alkaloids may act by interacting with adrenergic and adenosinic receptors
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Response of rabbit detrusor muscle to total extract and major alkaloids of Hydrastis canadensis
Phytotherapy Research, 1998Co-Authors: P. Bolle, Maria Francesca Cometa, Maura Palmery, Paolo TucciAbstract:Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases, including bladder disorders and prostatitis. This study was designed to ascertain in bladder detrusor muscle the effects of an ethanol extract of the major alkaloids in Hydrastis canadensis. On rabbit bladder strips, the total extract of Hydrastis canadensis induced relaxation nearly comparable to the response evoked by isoproterenol (EC50); propranolol partly blocked relaxation induced by the extract. Conversely, when the major alkaloids in Hydrastis canadensis (berberine, β-hydrastine, Canadine and canadaline) were added to the bath separately at concentrations several times higher than those present in the extract, none of them induced relaxation. These findings suggest that the relaxing effect depends on components other than the tested alkaloids, that the extract induces relaxation only partly through β-adrenoreceptors and that other mechanisms must be involved. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meinhart H. Zenk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Canadine synthase from thalictrum tuberosum cell cultures catalyses the formation of the methylenedioxy bridge in berberine synthesis
Phytochemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Martina Rueffer, Meinhart H. ZenkAbstract:An enzyme system catalysing the formation of the methylenedioxy bridge at ring A of (S)-Canadine [ = (S)-tetrahydroberberine] from (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine has been detected in microsomal preparations from different Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae cell cultures. The cytochrome P-450 enzyme complex has been partly characterized from a protoberberine alkaloid producing Thalictrum tuberosum L. cell line. The enzyme complex consisting of a microsomal associated oxidase with a cytochrome P-450 reductase has a pH optimum at pH 8.5 and a temperature optimum of 40°. The apparent Km values are 33 μM for NADPH and 11.5 μM for tetrahydrocolumbamine.
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Canadine SYNTHASE FROM THALZCTRUM TUBEROSUM CELL CULTURES CATALYSES THE FORMATION OF THE METHYLENEDIOXY BRIDGE IN BERBERINE SYNTHESIS
1994Co-Authors: Martina Rueffer, Meinhart H. ZenkAbstract:Key Word Index-Thalictrum tuherosum; Ranunculaceae; protoberberine alkaloids; Canadine synthase; cytochrome P-450, biosynthesis. Abstract-An enzyme system catalysing the formation of the methylenedioxy bridge at ring A of (S)-Canadine [=(S)tetrahydroberberine] from (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine has been detected in microsomal preparations from different Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae cell cultures. The cytochrome P-450 enzyme complex has been partly characterized from a protoberberine alkaloid producing Thalictrum tuberosum L. cell line. The enzyme complex consisting of a microsomal associated oxidase with a cytochrome P-450 reductase has a pH optimum at pH 8.5 and a temperature optimum of 40’. The apparent K, values are 33 PM for NADPH and 11.5 PM for tetrahydrocolumbamine. IYTRODUCTlOh’ A considerable number of natural products contain methylenedioxy groups in their structure. In uico experiments employing [‘4C]-labelled precursors demonstrated that the methylenedioxy groups, found especially in benzylisoquinolinc alkaloids, are derived by cyclization of an ortho-methoxyphenol to furnish the methylenediox
Cynthia S. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical comparison of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) root powder from three commercial suppliers.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Holly A Weber, Matthew K Zart, Alice P Clark, Roger K Harris, Andrew E Hodges, Leslie A Moody, J Diane Overstreet, H Michael Molloy, Brandon M O'brien, Cynthia S. SmithAbstract:The characterization of herbal materials is a significant challenge to analytical chemists. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.), which has been chosen for toxicity evaluation by NIEHS, is among the top 15 herbal supplements currently on the market and contains a complex mixture of indigenous components ranging from carbohydrates and amino acids to isoquinoline alkaloids. One key component of herbal supplement production is botanical authentication, which is also recommended prior to initiation of efficacy or toxicological studies. To evaluate material available to consumers, goldenseal root powder was obtained from three commercial suppliers and a strategy was developed for characterization and comparison that included Soxhlet extraction, HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses. HPLC was used to determine the weight percentages of the goldenseal alkaloids berberine, hydrastine, and Canadine in the various extract residues. Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid native to Coptis spp. and other common goldenseal adulterants, was also quantitated using HPLC. GC-MS was used to identify non-alkaloid constituents in goldenseal root powder, whereas LC-MS was used to identify alkaloid components. After review of the characterization data, it was determined that alkaloid content was the best biomarker for goldenseal. A 20-min ambient extraction method for the determination of alkaloid content was also developed and used to analyze the commercial material. All three lots of purchased material contained goldenseal alkaloids hydrastinine, berberastine, tetrahydroberberastine, canadaline, berberine, hydrastine, and Canadine. Material from a single supplier also contained palmatine, coptisine, and jatrorrhizine, thus indicating that the material was not pure goldenseal. Comparative data for three commercial sources of goldenseal root powder are presented.
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Method validation for determination of alkaloid content in goldenseal root powder.
Journal of AOAC International, 2003Co-Authors: Holly A Weber, Matthew K Zart, Alice P Clark, Roger K Harris, Andrew E Hodges, Kellie D White, Sarah M Barnes, Leslie A Moody, J Diane Overstreet, Cynthia S. SmithAbstract:A fast, practical ambient extraction methodology followed by isocratic liquid chromatography (LC) analysis with UV detection was validated for the determination of berberine, hydrastine, and Canadine in goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) root powder. The method was also validated for palmatine, a major alkaloid present in the possible bioadulterants Coptis, Oregon grape root, and barberry bark. Alkaloid standard solutions were linear over the evaluated concentration ranges. The analytical method was linear for alkaloid extraction using 0.3-2 g goldenseal root powder/100 mL extraction solvent. Precision of the method was demonstrated using 10 replicate extractions of 0.5 g goldenseal root powder, with percent relative standard deviation for all 4 alkaloids < or = 1.6. Alkaloid recovery was determined by spiking each alkaloid into triplicate aliquots of neat goldenseal root powder. Recoveries ranged from 92.3% for palmatine to 101.9% for hydrastine. Ruggedness of the method was evaluated by performing multiple analyses of goldenseal root powder from 3 suppliers over a 2-year period. The method was also used to analyze Coptis root, Oregon grape root, barberry bark, and celandine herb, which are possible goldenseal bioadulterants. The resulting chromatographic profiles of the bioadulterants were significantly different from that of goldenseal. The method was directly transferred to LC with mass spectrometry, which was used to confirm the presence of goldenseal alkaloids tetrahydroberberastine, berberastine, canadaline, berberine, hydrastine, and Canadine, as well as alkaloids from the bioadulterants, including palmatine, jatrorrhizine, and coptisine.
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Separation and quantitation of isoquinoline alkaloids occurring in goldenseal
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2001Co-Authors: Holly A Weber, Matthew K Zart, S. L. Ferguson, J. G. Greaves, Alice P Clark, Roger K Harris, D. Overstreet, Cynthia S. SmithAbstract:An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the analysis of hydrastinine, palmatine, berberine, hydrastine, and Canadine, all alkaloid components known to be present in goldenseal root powder. Optimized separation was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse-XDB column at 30°C using a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate/acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with ultraviolet detection at 235 nm. The method showed linearity for palmatine, berberine, hydrastine, and Canadine at approximately 4–400 μg/mL, while hydrastinine was linear at approximately 4–80 μg/mL. Method precision and robustness were investigated. An example of an HPLC analysis of goldenseal root powder extract is presented here also. These studies indicate that the method described here is usable for analysis of goldenseal extracts.