The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Howard A. Chase - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyrolysis using microwave absorbents as reaction Bed: An improved approach to transform used frying oil into biofuel product with desirable properties
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Su Shiung Lam, Chern Leing Lee, Wan Adibah Wan Mahari, Ahmad Jusoh, Cheng Tung Chong, Howard A. ChaseAbstract:Used frying oil (UFO), a waste produced in large volume each year worldwide, represents a potential resource for biofuel production rather than a disposal problem for modern society. Pyrolysis technique using microwave heating offers a promising approach for the conversion of UFO into biofuel products with improved properties. In this study, pyrolysis of UFO was performed by contacting with a Bed of microwave absorbents heated by microwave radiation. The pyrolysis approach was examined using different materials as the reaction Bed, comprising particulate Carbon, activated Carbon and mesoporous aluminosilicate (MCM-41). The use of particulate and activated Carbon as the reaction Bed provided a fast heating rate and extensive cracking capacity to pyrolyze the used oil, thus showing favorable features that could lead to short process time and less energy usage. This resulted in a production of a high yield of a biofuel product (up to 73 wt%) in a process taking less than 35 min. The biofuel showed a composition dominated by light C5-C20 aliphatic hydroCarbons with low amounts of oxygenated compounds (≤11%). In particular, the oil product obtained from activated Carbon Bed showed a low nitrogen content and was free of carboxylic acid and sulphur. The absence of carboxylic acids with low amounts of oxygenated compounds could reduce the formation of oxygenated by-products that could generate undesirable acidic tar or potentially hazardous sludge in the biofuel during storage. Combined with the detection of a high calorific value (46 MJ/kg) nearly comparable to diesel fuel, the biofuel shows great promise to be upgraded for use as a ‘cleaner’ fuel source with potentially reduced oxygenated by-products plus low or zero emissions of NOx and SOx during the use of the fuel in combustion process. This study also revealed that the use of activated Carbon Bed results in the highest energy recovery (88–90%) from the used frying oil. Our results demonstrated that the use of a microwave-heated reaction Bed of activated Carbon shows great potential as an improved and sustainable pyrolysis approach that is energy-efficient and timesaving for the recycling of used frying oil into a biofuel product with desirable properties. This pyrolysis approach provides an alternative to transesterification that avoids the use of solvents and catalysts, and thus could be developed further as a promising route to recycle various types of waste and biomass materials.
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recovery of diesel like fuel from waste palm oil by pyrolysis using a microwave heated Bed of activated Carbon
Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Wan Adibah Wan Mahari, Cheng Tung Chong, Chin Kui Cheng, Rozita Omar, Howard A. ChaseAbstract:Microwave pyrolysis using a well-mixed Bed of activated Carbon as both the microwave absorber and reaction Bed was investigated for its potential to recover useful products from waste palm cooking oil – a cooking oil widely used in Asia. The Carbon Bed provided rapid heating (∼18 °C/min) and a localized reaction hot zone that thermally promoted extensive pyrolysis cracking of the waste oil at 450 °C, leading to increased production of a biofuel product in a process taking less than 25 min. It also created a reducing reaction environment that prevented the formation of undesirable oxidized compounds in the biofuel. The pyrolysis produced a biofuel product that is low in oxygen, free of sulphur, carboxylic acid and triglycerides, and which also contains light C10-C15 hydroCarbons and a high calorific value nearly comparable to diesel fuel, thus showing great potential to be used as fuel. This pyrolysis approach offers an attractive alternative to transesterification that avoids the use of solvents and catalysts, and the need to remove free fatty acids and glycerol from the hydroCarbon product. The pyrolysis apparatus operated with an electrical power input of 1.12 kW was capable of producing a biofuel with an energy content equivalent to about 3 kW, showing a positive energy ratio of 2.7 and ≥73% recovery of the energy input to the system. The results show that the pyrolysis approach has huge potential as a technically and energetically viable means for the recovery of biofuels from the waste oil.
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microwave assisted pyrolysis of hdpe using an activated Carbon Bed
RSC Advances, 2012Co-Authors: Alan D. Russell, Evangelia I. Antreou, Carlos Ludlowpalafox, Howard A. ChaseAbstract:Microwave assisted pyrolysis of high density polyethylene (HDPE) using a reactor Bed of catalytic activated Carbon produces a condensed liquid product with a Carbon chain length profile matching petrol and diesel. Greater cracking was observed across all operating temperatures, and a lighter liquid product with a narrower range of chain lengths was produced compared to the use of a Bed of traditional coke.
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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of HDPE using an activated Carbon Bed
RSC Advances, 2012Co-Authors: Alan D. Russell, Evangelia I. Antreou, Carlos Ludlow-palafox, Su Shiung Lam, Howard A. ChaseAbstract:Plastics play an enormous role in modern manufacturing, but the extraction and refining of raw materials, followed by the synthesis of plastics themselves, represents an enormous energy investment into a product that is all too often simply “thrown away” into a landfill after a single use. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a recycling technique that allows the recovery of chemical value from plastic waste by breaking down polymers into useful smaller hydroCarbons using microwave heat in the absence of oxygen. This dissertation examines the use of a catalytic activated Carbon Bed in this procedure, using high density polyethylene (HDPE) as a model plastic. Initial tests with the batch input of HDPE produced a condensed pyrolysis oil comprising 35.5–45.3% aromatics, with the remainder primarily short-chain aliphatics. This oil was approximately three times lighter than that produced in the absence of catalyst, with a narrower range of molecular masses that matched those of the liquid transport fuels petrol and diesel (C5 –C21 ). The non-condensable gases that resulted were short-chain aliphatics that could be used as feedstock for the creation of new chemicals (such as virgin HDPE), or fuels such as natural gas and LPG. The development of apparatus capable of adding sample in a continuous fashion enabled the processing of larger quantities of HDPE, and resulted in condensed products with a significantly higher aromatic content (>80% at 450°C), and which encompassed a somewhat narrower range of molecular masses compared with those produced in the batch mode; this was due to differences in kinetics and residence time that resulted from the different modes of sample introduction. As a result of processing larger quantities of HDPE it became apparent that the activated Carbon deactivated over time, with a Bed able to process around 3.5 times its mass in HDPE at 450°C before any significant changes in output products occurred. The decomposition of HDPE proceeds via thermal scission and radical-mediated mechanisms; high energy surface active sites facilitate the transfer of hydrogen and radicals, and this enhances overall cracking and lowers the activation energy for the formation of aromatics. Analysis of material deposited on the surface of the activated Carbon confirmed that deactivation occurred through coking, with both cracking and deactivation thought to be enhanced by the formation of microwave- induced microplasmas. Overall, the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of HDPE using activated Carbon produces a much narrower range of more valuable products compared with non-catalytic processing. While the process is not likely to be economic in its current form owing to the relatively rapid deactivation of the activated Carbon, future configurations incorporating online reactivation may be able to economically provide a second use cycle for these materials, avoiding expending energy to extract and process increasingly scarce new raw material from the surface of the earth.
Bassim H. Hameed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fixed Bed adsorption of reactive azo dye onto granular activated Carbon prepared from waste
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Anees Ahmad, Bassim H. HameedAbstract:Abstract In this work, the adsorption potential of bamboo waste based granular activated Carbon (BGAC) to remove C.I. Reactive Black (RB5) from aqueous solution was investigated using fixed-Bed adsorption column. The effects of inlet RB5 concentration (50–200 mg/L), feed flow rate (10–30 mL/min) and activated Carbon Bed height (40–80 mm) on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were determined. The highest Bed capacity of 39.02 mg/g was obtained using 100 mg/L inlet dye concentration, 80 mm Bed height and 10 mL/min flow rate. The adsorption data were fitted to three well-established fixed-Bed adsorption models namely, Adam's–Bohart, Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models. The results fitted well to the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models with coefficients of correlation R 2 ≥ 0.93 at different conditions. The BGAC was shown to be suitable adsorbent for adsorption of RB5 using fixed-Bed adsorption column.
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Fixed-Bed adsorption of reactive azo dye onto granular activated Carbon prepared from waste
2010Co-Authors: A A Ahmad, Bassim H. HameedAbstract:In this work, the adsorption potential of bamboo waste based granular activated Carbon (BGAC) to remove C.I. Reactive Black (RB5) from aqueous solution was investigated using fixed-Bed adsorption column. The effects of inlet RB5 concentration (50-200 mg/L), feed flow rate (10-30 mL/min) and activated Carbon Bed height (40-80 mm) on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were determined. The highest Bed capacity of 39.02 mg/g was obtained using 100 mg/L inlet dye concentration, 80 mm Bed height and 10 mL/min flow rate. The adsorption data were fitted to three well-established fixed-Bed adsorption models namely, Adam's-Bohart, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. The results fitted well to the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models with coefficients of correlation R2 ≥ 0.93 at different conditions. The BGAC was shown to be suitable adsorbent for adsorption of RB5 using fixed-Bed adsorption column. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Fixed-Bed adsorption performance of oil palm shell-based activated Carbon for removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
Powder Technology, 2009Co-Authors: I. A.w. Tan, A A Ahmad, Bassim H. HameedAbstract:This study investigated the adsorption potential of oil palm shell-based activated Carbon to remove 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from aqueous solution using fixed-Bed adsorption column. The effects of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol inlet concentration, feed flow rate and activated Carbon Bed height on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were determined. The regeneration efficiency of the oil palm shell-based activated Carbon was evaluated using ethanol desorption technique. Through ethanol desorption, 96.25% of the adsorption sites could be recovered from the regenerated activated Carbon. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Stéphane Déchelotte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recovery comparisons--hot nitrogen Vs steam regeneration of toxic dichloromethane from activated Carbon Beds in oil sands process.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Shivaji G Ramalingam, Pascaline Pré, Sylvain Giraudet, Olivier Baudouin, Pierre Le Cloirec, Laurent Le Coq, Stéphane DéchelotteAbstract:The regeneration experiments of dichloromethane from activated Carbon Bed had been carried out by both hot nitrogen and steam to evaluate the regeneration performance and the operating cost of the regeneration step. Factorial Experimental Design (FED) tool had been implemented to optimize the temperature of nitrogen and the superficial velocity of the nitrogen to achieve maximum regeneration at an optimized operating cost. All the experimental results of adsorption step, hot nitrogen and steam regeneration step had been validated by the simulation model PROSIM. The average error percentage between the simulation and experiment based on the mass of adsorption of dichloromethane was 2.6%. The average error percentages between the simulations and experiments based on the mass of dichloromethane regenerated by nitrogen regeneration and steam regeneration were 3 and 12%, respectively. From the experiments, it had been shown that both the hot nitrogen and steam regeneration had regenerated 84% of dichloromethane. But the choice of hot nitrogen or steam regeneration depends on the regeneration time, operating costs, and purity of dichloromethane regenerated. A thorough investigation had been made about the advantages and limitations of both the hot nitrogen and steam regeneration of dichloromethane.
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Recovery comparisons—Hot nitrogen Vs steam regeneration of toxic dichloromethane from activated Carbon Beds in oil sands process
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Shivaji G Ramalingam, Sylvain Giraudet, Olivier Baudouin, Pierre Le Cloirec, Stéphane DéchelotteAbstract:The regeneration experiments of dichloromethane from activated Carbon Bed had been carried out by both hot nitrogen and steam to evaluate the regeneration performance and the operating cost of the regeneration step. Factorial Experimental Design (FED) tool had been implemented to optimize the temperature of nitrogen and the superficial velocity of the nitrogen to achieve maximum regeneration at an optimized operating cost. All the experimental results of adsorption step, hot nitrogen and steam regeneration step had been validated by the simulation model PROSIM. The average error percentage between the simulation and experiment based on the mass of adsorption of dichloromethane was 2.6%. The average error percentages between the simulations and experiments based on the mass of dichloromethane regenerated by nitrogen regeneration and steam regeneration were 3 and 12%, respectively. From the experiments, it had been shown that both the hot nitrogen and steam regeneration had regenerated 84% of dichloromethane. But the choice of hot nitrogen or steam regeneration depends on the regeneration time, operating costs, and purity of dichloromethane regenerated. A thorough investigation had been made about the advantages and limitations of both the hot nitrogen and steam regeneration of dichloromethane.
Motoyuki Suzuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Activated Carbon membrane for water treatments: Application to decolorization of coke furnace wastewater
Adsorption, 1997Co-Authors: Akiyoshi Sakoda, Takeshi Nomura, Motoyuki SuzukiAbstract:An activated Carbon membrane to be used in water treatments was developed and the decolorization of the coke furnace wastewater was successfully demonstrated as a model case. The activated Carbon membrane was prepared by Carbonizing poly-vinydenchloride (PVdC) and poly-vinylalcohol (PVA) microspheres aggregating on and within a ceramic pipe. The membrane developed in this work was suspected to have a bidispersed structure, which made it possible to play the roles of both a porous membrane having the molecular weight cut-off of about 10,000 and an activated Carbon Bed where the dissolved organics with low molecular weight could be adsorBed. The activated Carbon membrane developed in this work appears to be useful for compact water treatment processes.
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Microbial activity in biological activated Carbon Bed by pulse responses
Water Science and Technology, 1996Co-Authors: Akiyoshi Sakoda, Jianzhong Wang, Motoyuki SuzukiAbstract:The moment analysis of pulse responses was applied to the biological activated Carbon (BAC) in order to elucidate its microbial activity and adsorption capacity separately. The microbial activity derived from this approach was focussed on and the following was found in this work. First, the activity of micro-organisms attached on activated Carbon was higher than those on other carriers. Second, the microbial activities of bench-scale BACs treating pond water varied with the pretreatments by ozone and chlorine, but did not change considerably during the operation for about one year. Also, an the empirical relationship was found between the microbial degradation rates of pulse-injected glucose and background dissolved organics. It was concluded that this approach is useful for evaluating the microbial activity in BAC in a relatively easy manner.
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Chromatographic Evaluation of Microbial Activity in Biological Activated Carbon Bed.
Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1996Co-Authors: Jianzhong Wang, Akiyoshi Sakoda, Motoyuki SuzukiAbstract:The moment analysis of pulse responses was applied to a biological activated Carbon (BAC) Bed to evaluate the microbial activity. Glucose and activated Carbon fiber (ACF) were employed in experiments as a model tracer and an activated Carbon respectively. No significant difference in biodegradation rates of glucose by microorganisms attached on different solid supports such as activated Carbon, unactivated Carbon and glass fibers was observed. However, higher microbial activity was obtained from microorganisms supported on the ACF in terms of the apparent degradation of total organics including metabolic byproducts by microorganisms, since part of the metabolic byproducts was irreversibly deposited onto the ACF.
T. Bandosz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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desulfurization of digester gas prediction of activated Carbon Bed performance at low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide
Catalysis Today, 2005Co-Authors: Andrey Bagreev, Sai P Katikaneni, Sanjay C Parab, T. BandoszAbstract:Abstract Three chemically modified/impregnated activated Carbons (supplied by manufactures) were used for adsorption–catalytic removal of hydrogen sulfide from digester gas. The performance of samples was studied in dynamic conditions at 1000, 2000 and 5000 ppm of H2S in digester gas. The results showed differences in the H2S removal capacities related to the type of Carbon and conditions of the experiment. A decrease in H2S concentration resulted in an increase in a breakthrough capacity, which is linked to slow kinetics of oxidation process. No significant changes were observed when the oxygen content increased from 1 to 2% and the temperature from 38 to 60 °C. On the surface of Carbons studied hydrogen sulfide was oxidized predominantly to sulfur, which was deposited in micropores, either on the walls or at the pore entrances. The capacities at low concentrations, 50 and 100 ppm, of H2S were determined using an approach based on known theoretical solution of a dynamic model where the parameters of the model were determined from the experimental data at a high concentration of an adsorbate.
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Biofiltering action on hydrogen sulfide by unmodified activated Carbon in sewage treatment plants
Water Science and Technology, 2000Co-Authors: T. Bandosz, Steven Askew, W. R. Kelly, Foad Adib, Andrey Bagreev, Amos TurkAbstract:Because effluents to atmosphere from sewage treatment typically include hydrogen sulfide (H2S) among other malodors, and because H2S is a light gas, it is commonly assumed that unmodified ("virgin") activated Carbon, which acts largely by physical adsorption, is inadequate for such applications. Instead, caustic-impregnated and other modified Carbons have been used in the U.S.A., Europe. and Israel for odor control where H2S is an expected airborne component. Our laboratory and full-scale comparative studies question this assumption and practice, and strongly support the advantages of virgin over impregnated or other special Carbons for control of H2S as well as for general odor removal. In this report, we suggest that biofiltration in the Carbon Bed helps achieve such favorable outcomes.