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Allen G Good - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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introgression potential between safflower Carthamus tinctorius and wild relatives of the genus Carthamus
BMC Plant Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Marion Mayerhofer, Reinhold Mayerhofer, Deborah Topinka, Jed Christianson, Allen G GoodAbstract:Background Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius, is a thistle that is grown commercially for the production of oil and birdseed and recently, as a host for the production of transgenic pharmaceutical proteins. C. tinctorius can cross with a number of its wild relatives, creating the possibility of gene flow from safflower to weedy species. In this study we looked at the introgression potential between different members of the genus Carthamus, measured the fitness of the parents versus the F1 hybrids, followed the segregation of a specific transgene in the progeny and tried to identify traits important for adaptation to different environments.
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A phylogenetic investigation of Carthamus combining sequence and microsatellite data
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2010Co-Authors: V. Bowles, Reinhold Mayerhofer, Allen G Good, Corey S. Davis, Jocelyn C. HallAbstract:Carthamus (Asteraceae) includes both crop (Carthamus tinctorius, safflower) and weedy species. Despite previous studies, many outstanding questions remain regarding the phylogenetic surroundings of safflower, especially in relation to weedy species. Here we investigated relationships within Carthamus using a tiered approach examining sequence and microsatellite data. First, nuclear and chloroplast sequences were analyzed from 37 accessions of 16 species. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference confirm two well supported clades, corresponding to sect. Atractlyis and sect. Carthamus, the latter of which includes safflower. Because sequence data provided limited resolution within the clades, microsatellite markers were used to investigate relationships within sect. Carthamus. Both sequence and microsatellite data reveal that most traditionally recognized species are not monophyletic. Microsatellite data indicate that Carthamus palaestinus is the closest relative of cultivated safflower.
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Development of Microsatellite Markers for investigation of relationships among closely related Carthamus species.
2008Co-Authors: V. Bowles, Allen G Good, Jocelyn C. Hall, S. E. Knights, T. D. PotterAbstract:Carthamus is a diverse group of plants that are of economic interest due to the commercial growth of one member, C. tinctorius (safflower). Recent attention in using safflower as a crop for pharmaceutical production necessitates a better understanding of the relationships between this species and its wild relatives. To this end, molecular markers need to be developed that have appropriate variation and that can be utilized across a range of species. The goal of this research was to isolate microsatellite makers that were able to reliably amplify across the genus. Initial screens of safflower resulted in 48 promising markers, of which eight were selected to study in eight Carthamus species. Phylogenetic analyses of this subset of markers reveal potential introgression and hybridization among species. In conclusion, microsatellite data, combined with sequence data, has the potential to resolve species relationships within Carthamus.
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Genetic linkage maps of Carthamus species based on SSR and RFLP markers.
2008Co-Authors: Reinhold Mayerhofer, Marion Mayerhofer, Allen G Good, V. Bowles, S. E. Knights, T. D. PotterAbstract:Genetic linkage maps for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and its wild relative Carthamus oxyacanthus were constructed using SSR and RFLP markers. An F2 population of 138 progeny derived from a cross of the cultivars Centennial x NP-12 and a BC1 population of 120 progeny derived from C. oxyacanthus x Centennial were used to generate the two maps, respectively. As a source of SSR markers we analyzed EST sequences obtained from the Compositae Genome Project and two industrial collaborators and about 1500 clones of an SSR-enriched genomic library of safflower. RFLP markers were derived from a safflower seedling cDNA library. To date we have mapped 190 markers on the two maps and identified the 12 linkage groups of Carthamus. We are continuing the sequencing of more genomic clones and saturating the linkage maps. In addition, the offspring of the two mapping crosses are being evaluated in the field for agronomic traits.
John M Burke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dna sequence diversity and the origin of cultivated safflower Carthamus tinctorius l asteraceae
BMC Plant Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Mark A Chapman, John M BurkeAbstract:Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a diploid oilseed crop whose origin is largely unknown. Safflower is widely believed to have been domesticated over 4,000 years ago somewhere in the Fertile Crescent. Previous hypotheses regarding the origin of safflower have focused primarily on two other species from sect. Carthamus – C. oxyacanthus and C. palaestinus – as the most likely progenitors, although some attention has been paid to a third species (C. persicus) as a possible candidate. Here, we describe the results of a phylogenetic analysis of the entire section using data from seven nuclear genes. Single gene phylogenetic analyses indicated some reticulation or incomplete lineage sorting. However, the analysis of the combined dataset revealed a close relationship between safflower and C. palaestinus. In contrast, C. oxyacanthus and C. persicus appear to be more distantly related to safflower. Based on our results, we conclude that safflower is most likely derived from the wild species Carthamus palaestinus. As expected, safflower exhibits somewhat reduced nucleotide diversity as compared to its progenitor, consistent with the occurrence of a population genetic bottleneck during domestication. The results of this research set the stage for an investigation of the genetics of safflower domestication.
Mark A Chapman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dna sequence diversity and the origin of cultivated safflower Carthamus tinctorius l asteraceae
BMC Plant Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Mark A Chapman, John M BurkeAbstract:Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a diploid oilseed crop whose origin is largely unknown. Safflower is widely believed to have been domesticated over 4,000 years ago somewhere in the Fertile Crescent. Previous hypotheses regarding the origin of safflower have focused primarily on two other species from sect. Carthamus – C. oxyacanthus and C. palaestinus – as the most likely progenitors, although some attention has been paid to a third species (C. persicus) as a possible candidate. Here, we describe the results of a phylogenetic analysis of the entire section using data from seven nuclear genes. Single gene phylogenetic analyses indicated some reticulation or incomplete lineage sorting. However, the analysis of the combined dataset revealed a close relationship between safflower and C. palaestinus. In contrast, C. oxyacanthus and C. persicus appear to be more distantly related to safflower. Based on our results, we conclude that safflower is most likely derived from the wild species Carthamus palaestinus. As expected, safflower exhibits somewhat reduced nucleotide diversity as compared to its progenitor, consistent with the occurrence of a population genetic bottleneck during domestication. The results of this research set the stage for an investigation of the genetics of safflower domestication.
Soom Nath Raina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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species genomic relationships among the tribasic diploid and polyploid Carthamus taxa based on physical mapping of active and inactive 18s 5 8s 26s and 5s ribosomal rna gene families and the two tandemly repeated dna sequences
Gene, 2013Co-Authors: Renuka Agrawal, Hisashi Tsujimoto, Rajesh Tandon, Soom Nath RainaAbstract:Abstract In the genus Carthamus (2n = 20, 22, 24, 44, 64; x = 10, 11, 12), most of the homologues within and between the chromosome complements are difficult to be identified. In the present work, we used fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) to determine the chromosome distribution of the two rRNA gene families, and the two isolated repeated DNA sequences in the 14 Carthamus taxa. The distinctive variability in the distribution, number and signal intensity of hybridisation sites for 18S–26S and 5S rDNA loci could generally distinguish the 14 Carthamus taxa. Active 18S–26S rDNA sites were generally associated with NOR loci on the nucleolar chromosomes. The two A genome taxa, C. glaucus ssp. anatolicus and C. boissieri with 2n = 20, and the two botanical varieties of B genome C. tinctorius (2n = 24) had diagnostic FISH patterns. The present results support the origin of C. tinctorius from C. palaestinus. FISH patterns of C. arborescens vis-a-vis the other taxa indicate a clear division of Carthamus taxa into two distinct lineages. Comparative distribution and intensity pattern of 18S–26S rDNA sites could distinguish each of the tetraploid and hexaploid taxa. The present results indicate that C. boissieri (2n = 20) is one of the genome donors for C. lanatus and C. lanatus ssp. lanatus (2n = 44), and C. lanatus is one of the progenitors for the hexaploid (2n = 64) taxa. The association of pCtKpnI-2 repeated sequence with rRNA gene cluster (orphon) in 2–10 nucleolar and non-nucleolar chromosomes and the consistent occurrence of pCtKpnI-1 repeated sequence at the subtelomeric region in all the taxa analysed indicate some functional role of these sequences.
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Sequence analysis of KpnI repeat sequences to revisit the phylogeny of the Genus Carthamus L.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2013Co-Authors: Shweta Mehrotra, Soom Nath Raina, Shailendra Goel, Sarita Sharma, Vijay Rani RajpalAbstract:Repetitive DNA sequences constitute a significant proportion of eukaryotic genomes. Knowledge about the distribution of repetitive DNA sequences is necessary in order to gain insights into the organization, evolution and behavior of eukaryotic genomes. Therefore, we used two repetitive DNA sequences pCtKpnI-I and pCtKpnI-II, earlier reported in Carthamus tinctorius L. to study the phylogeny and to revise the taxonomic status of the taxa belonging to the genus. The study unraveled two major lines within the genus Carthamus; one line included all the diploid taxa (2n = 24) and the other line comprised the taxa with 2n = 20 and the polyploid taxa (2n = 44 and 64). The results of the present study will prove useful in molecular breeding for improving some targeted agronomic traits in genus Carthamus.
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Nuclear DNA assay in solving issues related to ancestry of the domesticated diploid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and the polyploid (Carthamus) taxa, and phylogenetic and genomic relationships in the genus Carthamus L. (Asteraceae)
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Deepmala Sehgal, Soom Nath Raina, Rachhaya M. Devarumath, Tetsuo Sasanuma, Tetsuo SasakumaAbstract:Sehgal, D., Raina, S. N., Devarumatha, R. M., Sasanuma, T., Sasakuma, T. (2009). Nuclear DNA assay in solving issues related to ancestry of the domesticated diploid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and the polyploid (Carthamus) taxa, and phylogenetic and genomic relationships in the genus Carthamus L. (Asteraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53, (3), 631-644. Sponsorship: Department of Biotechnology, Government of India IMPF: 03.56
Hong Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carthamus red from Carthamus tinctorius l exerts antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect against ccl4 induced liver damage in rats via the nrf2 pathway
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Shuangchan Wu, Hui Tian, Zhike Li, Xiaofei Li, Wei He, Hong DingAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Carthamus red isolated from safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L., a Chinese traditional medicine) is evaluated for antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Materials and methods Carthamus red was isolated from a Na 2 CO 3 extract of safflower and its analysis was carried out by HPLC/MS. Acute toxicity study was determined and the antioxidant activity was investigated using various established in vitro systems. An in vivo study against CCl 4 -induced liver injury was also conducted and compared with that of silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Results Carthamus red did not show any toxicity and mortality up to 2000 mg/kg dose, and it showed strong antioxidant ability in vitro . In the in vivo study, Carthamus red treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and total protein in liver damage rat models. Meanwhile, Nrf2, GSTα and NQO1 expressions were up-regulated at the protein level by Carthamus red intervention. Additionally, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and level of GSH were elevated by Carthamus red intervention, while the content of TBARS, which is an oxidative stress marker, was lessened. HE stain analysis showed that the condition of liver damage was mitigated. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Carthamus red may serve as a candidate with strong a hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activity in liver damage.