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Kazim Sahin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effects of Chromium Picolinate on glucose and lipid metabolism in running rats
    Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ragip Pala, James R Komorowski, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Akif Sari, Fusun Erten, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Patrick Brice Defo Deeh, Vedat Cinar, Kazim Sahin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) is commonly used to reduce muscle fatigue after exercise. We aimed to elucidate the effects of CrPic on glucose and lipid metabolism and the expression of glucose transporters in exercised rats. Methods Forty-two male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were distributed into six groups (n = 7) as follows: Control, CrPic, Chronic Exercise (CEx), CEx + CrPic, Acute Exercise (AEx), and AEx + CrPic. CEx consists of 30 m/min, 30 min/day, and 5 days/week for 6 weeks. CrPic was supplemented at 400 μg elemental Cr/kg of diet for 6 weeks. In the AEx groups, animals were run on the treadmill at 30 m/min until exhaustion. Results CEx significantly lowered blood glucose (BG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, but elevated insulin concentration (IC), compared with control (P  Conclusion CrPic improves various metabolic parameters and reduces oxidative stress in CEx and AEx rats by decreasing BG, TC, TG, MDA levels in serum and elevating GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 expression in the liver and muscle samples. The efficacy of CrPic was more pronounced in CEx rats.

  • anti diabetic activity of Chromium Picolinate and biotin in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin
    British Journal of Nutrition, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kazim Sahin, Vijaya Juturu, Osman Kucuk, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Ibrahim Hanifi Ozercan, James R Komorowski
    Abstract:

    The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) and biotin supplementations in type 2 diabetic rats. The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. The rats were divided into five groups as follows: (1) non-diabetic rats fed a regular diet; (2) diabetic rats fed a HFD; (3) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with CrPic (80 μg/kg body weight (BW) per d); (4) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with biotin (300 μg/kg BW per d); (5) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with both CrPic and biotin. Circulating glucose, cortisol, total cholesterol, TAG, NEFA and malondialdehyde concentrations decreased ( P P P P P

  • Chromium Picolinate and Chromium histidinate protects against renal dysfunction by modulation of nf κb pathway in high fat diet fed and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
    Nutrition & Metabolism, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Yavuz Selcuk, James R Komorowski, Kazim Sahin, Bilge Aygen, Ayhan Dogukan, Zeynep Tuzcu, Fatih Akdemir, Mustafa Atalay
    Abstract:

    Background Diabetic nephropathy is one of major complications of diabetes mellitus. Although Chromium is an essential element for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, its effects on diabetic nephropathy are not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) and Chromium histidinate (CrHis) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway in the rat kidney.

  • Chromium Picolinate modulates serotonergic properties and carbohydrate metabolism in a rat model of diabetes
    Biological Trace Element Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: James R Komorowski, Vijaya Juturu, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Mustafa Ulas, Kazim Sahin
    Abstract:

    Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) has shown both antidepressant and antidiabetic properties. In this study, the effects of CrPic on serotonergic properties and carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats were evaluated. Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. (1) The control group received only standard diet (8 % fat). (2) The CrPic group was fed standard diet and CrPic (80 μg CrPic per kilogram body mass (b.m.)/day), for 10 weeks (microgram/kilogram b.m./day). (3) The HFD/STZ group fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 40 % fat) for 2 weeks and then received streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) (i.v.) HFD-STZ–CrPic group treated as the previous group and then were administered CrPic. CrPic administration to HFD/STZ-treated rats increased brain Chromium levels and improved all measurements of carbohydrate metabolism and serotonergic properties (P < 0.001). CrPic also significantly increased levels of insulin, tryptophan, and serotonin (P < 0.001) in the serum and brain, and decreased cortisol levels in the serum (P < 0.01). Except Chromium levels, no significant effect of CrPic supplementation was detected on the overall measured parameters in the control group. CrPic administration was well tolerated without any adverse events. The results support the use of CrPic supplementation which improves serotonergic properties of brain in diabetes.

  • Chromium Picolinate rather than biotin alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat stressed quail
    British Poultry Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Nurhan Sahin, Kazim Sahin, Muhittin Onderci, M F Gursu, Gurkan Cikim, J Vijaya, Osman Kucuk
    Abstract:

    1. The effects of Chromium Picolinate and biotin supplementation alone and in combination on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, vitamin E, glucose and cholesterol levels were evaluated in Japanese quail exposed to high ambient temperature. 2. Two hundred and forty quails (10d old) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments at room temperature (22 degrees C; thermoneutral, TN) or ambient (34 degrees C for 8 h/d; heat stress, HS). Both TN and HS were fed either on a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with 400 microg of Cr/kg (Cr group), 0.5 mg of biotin/kg of diet (biotin group) or both (Cr + Biotin group). 3. Supplementing the diet of heat-stressed quails with Chromium Picolinate improved live weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcase traits. Biotin supplementation during TN and HS conditions did not have any beneficial effects on body weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency or carcase traits. 4. Either in combination or alone, Chromium Picolinate increased serum concentrations of vitamins C and E, but decreased MDA, glucose and cholesterol concentrations in birds kept at high ambient temperature. There was no difference in vitamins C and E and MDA concentrations between birds given Chromium Picolinate and birds receiving Chromium Picolinate plus biotin, while glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all groups. The lowest concentrations of cholesterol and glucose were found in the combination group under both TN and HS conditions. An interaction between diet and temperature was detected for glucose and cholesterol concentrations. 5. Excretion rates for zinc, iron and Chromium were lower in TN groups than in the corresponding HS groups. Supplementing diet with Chromium Picolinate and Chromium Picolinate plus biotin decreased excretion of minerals while biotin alone did not effect excretion of minerals. 6. Chromium supplementation, but not biotin supplementation, attenuated the decline in performance and antioxidant status resulting from heat stress.

James R Komorowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effects of Chromium Picolinate on glucose and lipid metabolism in running rats
    Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ragip Pala, James R Komorowski, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Akif Sari, Fusun Erten, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Patrick Brice Defo Deeh, Vedat Cinar, Kazim Sahin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) is commonly used to reduce muscle fatigue after exercise. We aimed to elucidate the effects of CrPic on glucose and lipid metabolism and the expression of glucose transporters in exercised rats. Methods Forty-two male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were distributed into six groups (n = 7) as follows: Control, CrPic, Chronic Exercise (CEx), CEx + CrPic, Acute Exercise (AEx), and AEx + CrPic. CEx consists of 30 m/min, 30 min/day, and 5 days/week for 6 weeks. CrPic was supplemented at 400 μg elemental Cr/kg of diet for 6 weeks. In the AEx groups, animals were run on the treadmill at 30 m/min until exhaustion. Results CEx significantly lowered blood glucose (BG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, but elevated insulin concentration (IC), compared with control (P  Conclusion CrPic improves various metabolic parameters and reduces oxidative stress in CEx and AEx rats by decreasing BG, TC, TG, MDA levels in serum and elevating GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 expression in the liver and muscle samples. The efficacy of CrPic was more pronounced in CEx rats.

  • anti diabetic activity of Chromium Picolinate and biotin in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin
    British Journal of Nutrition, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kazim Sahin, Vijaya Juturu, Osman Kucuk, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Ibrahim Hanifi Ozercan, James R Komorowski
    Abstract:

    The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) and biotin supplementations in type 2 diabetic rats. The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. The rats were divided into five groups as follows: (1) non-diabetic rats fed a regular diet; (2) diabetic rats fed a HFD; (3) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with CrPic (80 μg/kg body weight (BW) per d); (4) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with biotin (300 μg/kg BW per d); (5) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with both CrPic and biotin. Circulating glucose, cortisol, total cholesterol, TAG, NEFA and malondialdehyde concentrations decreased ( P P P P P

  • Chromium Picolinate and Chromium histidinate protects against renal dysfunction by modulation of nf κb pathway in high fat diet fed and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
    Nutrition & Metabolism, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Yavuz Selcuk, James R Komorowski, Kazim Sahin, Bilge Aygen, Ayhan Dogukan, Zeynep Tuzcu, Fatih Akdemir, Mustafa Atalay
    Abstract:

    Background Diabetic nephropathy is one of major complications of diabetes mellitus. Although Chromium is an essential element for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, its effects on diabetic nephropathy are not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) and Chromium histidinate (CrHis) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway in the rat kidney.

  • Chromium Picolinate modulates serotonergic properties and carbohydrate metabolism in a rat model of diabetes
    Biological Trace Element Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: James R Komorowski, Vijaya Juturu, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Mustafa Ulas, Kazim Sahin
    Abstract:

    Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) has shown both antidepressant and antidiabetic properties. In this study, the effects of CrPic on serotonergic properties and carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats were evaluated. Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. (1) The control group received only standard diet (8 % fat). (2) The CrPic group was fed standard diet and CrPic (80 μg CrPic per kilogram body mass (b.m.)/day), for 10 weeks (microgram/kilogram b.m./day). (3) The HFD/STZ group fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 40 % fat) for 2 weeks and then received streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) (i.v.) HFD-STZ–CrPic group treated as the previous group and then were administered CrPic. CrPic administration to HFD/STZ-treated rats increased brain Chromium levels and improved all measurements of carbohydrate metabolism and serotonergic properties (P < 0.001). CrPic also significantly increased levels of insulin, tryptophan, and serotonin (P < 0.001) in the serum and brain, and decreased cortisol levels in the serum (P < 0.01). Except Chromium levels, no significant effect of CrPic supplementation was detected on the overall measured parameters in the control group. CrPic administration was well tolerated without any adverse events. The results support the use of CrPic supplementation which improves serotonergic properties of brain in diabetes.

  • Chromium Picolinate does not produce chromosome damage
    Toxicology in Vitro, 2008
    Co-Authors: James R Komorowski, Danielle Greenberg, Vijaya Juturu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) is used as a dietary supplement and has beneficial effects in reducing diabetes risk factors. The present study evaluated the cytogenetic effects of CrPic in bone marrow cells of Sprague–Dawley rats (5 animals/sex/group). Test animals were dosed orally with 33, 250 or 2000 mg/kg of CrPic, which corresponded to doses of 4.1, 30.8 and 246 mg/kg of Chromium. The lowest dose of CrPic, 33 mg/kg is estimated to be the human equivalent for a 50 kg person (200 mcg Cr). The animals were dosed once, and sacrificed either 18 or 42 hours (h) later. The mitotic index was determined for each rat. Metaphase cells (50 or 100/rats) were examined for interstitial deletions, chromatid and chromosome gap, breaks or other anomalies. The average percentage of damaged cells at 18 h in vehicle treated males and females were 1.2% and 0.6%, respectively. The mean values at 18 h for doses of 33, 250 and 2000 mg/kg, were 0.4%, 0.8%, 0.4% for males and 0.6%, 0.2% and 0.6% for females, respectively. At 42 h, the mean values for vehicle treated males and females were 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively. For doses of 33, 250 and 2000 mg/kg at 42 h the average percent damage was 14%, 0.8% and 0.4% for males and 0.2%, 0.2% and 0.0% for females, respectively. None of these values were statistically increased compared to the vehicle controls. The positive control Cyclophosphamide (CPM) induced a significant increase in chromosomal damage at 18 h averaging 30% in males and 37% in females, respectively (p

Leslie Spry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acute tubular necrosis associated with Chromium Picolinate containing dietary supplement
    Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2006
    Co-Authors: Sachin Wani, Celia Weskamp, Jeffrey Marple, Leslie Spry
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acute tubular necrosis associated with the use of a Chromium Picolinate-containing dietary supplement. CASE SUMMARY: A 24-year-old white male who had been ingesting a dietary supplement (Arsenal X) for 2 weeks during his workout sessions developed acute renal failure. Radiologic investigation showed the presence of a solitary right kidney, and an open renal biopsy confirmed features of acute tubular necrosis. He developed significant renal impairment that required hemodialysis. He was also treated with plasmapheresis and steroids, as a diagnosis of pulmonary-renal syndrome was entertained early in the disease course, which was subsequently ruled out. The patient ultimately recovered and, on outpatient visits, was noted to have normal renal function. DISCUSSION: The use of dietary supplements has become increasingly popular in the US, and these supplements are not subject to stringent premarketing testing or postmarketing surveillance. The main ingredients in the supplement discussed here were Chromium Picolinate, Sida cordifolia, synephrine, and guarana. An objective causality assessment using the Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable association between the use of this supplement and the development of acute renal failure in this patient. CONCLUSIONS: Current information regarding the beneficial effects of trivalent Chromium is not very robust; therefore, use of this agent cannot be recommended at this time. This report serves as an important reminder to the public, as well as healthcare providers, of potential nephrotoxic reactions to dietary supplements.

  • acute tubular necrosis associated with Chromium Picolinate containing dietary supplement
    Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2006
    Co-Authors: Sachin Wani, Celia Weskamp, Jeffrey Marple, Leslie Spry
    Abstract:

    Objective:To report a case of acute tubular necrosis associated with the use of a Chromium Picolinate–containing dietary supplement.Case Summary:A 24-year-old white male who had been ingesting a dietary supplement (Arsenal X) for 2 weeks during his workout sessions developed acute renal failure. Radiologic investigation showed the presence of a solitary right kidney, and an open renal biopsy confirmed features of acute tubular necrosis. He developed significant renal impairment that required hemodialysis. He was also treated with plasmapheresis and steroids, as a diagnosis of pulmonary-renal syndrome was entertained early in the disease course, which was subsequently ruled out. The patient ultimately recovered and, on outpatient visits, was noted to have normal renal function.Discussion:The use of dietary supplements has become increasingly popular in the US, and these supplements are not subject to stringent premarketing testing or postmarketing surveillance. The main ingredients in the supplement discus...

Nurhan Sahin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effects of Chromium Picolinate on glucose and lipid metabolism in running rats
    Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ragip Pala, James R Komorowski, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Akif Sari, Fusun Erten, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Patrick Brice Defo Deeh, Vedat Cinar, Kazim Sahin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) is commonly used to reduce muscle fatigue after exercise. We aimed to elucidate the effects of CrPic on glucose and lipid metabolism and the expression of glucose transporters in exercised rats. Methods Forty-two male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were distributed into six groups (n = 7) as follows: Control, CrPic, Chronic Exercise (CEx), CEx + CrPic, Acute Exercise (AEx), and AEx + CrPic. CEx consists of 30 m/min, 30 min/day, and 5 days/week for 6 weeks. CrPic was supplemented at 400 μg elemental Cr/kg of diet for 6 weeks. In the AEx groups, animals were run on the treadmill at 30 m/min until exhaustion. Results CEx significantly lowered blood glucose (BG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, but elevated insulin concentration (IC), compared with control (P  Conclusion CrPic improves various metabolic parameters and reduces oxidative stress in CEx and AEx rats by decreasing BG, TC, TG, MDA levels in serum and elevating GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 expression in the liver and muscle samples. The efficacy of CrPic was more pronounced in CEx rats.

  • anti diabetic activity of Chromium Picolinate and biotin in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin
    British Journal of Nutrition, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kazim Sahin, Vijaya Juturu, Osman Kucuk, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Ibrahim Hanifi Ozercan, James R Komorowski
    Abstract:

    The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) and biotin supplementations in type 2 diabetic rats. The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. The rats were divided into five groups as follows: (1) non-diabetic rats fed a regular diet; (2) diabetic rats fed a HFD; (3) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with CrPic (80 μg/kg body weight (BW) per d); (4) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with biotin (300 μg/kg BW per d); (5) diabetic rats fed a HFD and supplemented with both CrPic and biotin. Circulating glucose, cortisol, total cholesterol, TAG, NEFA and malondialdehyde concentrations decreased ( P P P P P

  • Chromium Picolinate modulates serotonergic properties and carbohydrate metabolism in a rat model of diabetes
    Biological Trace Element Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: James R Komorowski, Vijaya Juturu, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Mustafa Ulas, Kazim Sahin
    Abstract:

    Chromium Picolinate (CrPic) has shown both antidepressant and antidiabetic properties. In this study, the effects of CrPic on serotonergic properties and carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats were evaluated. Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. (1) The control group received only standard diet (8 % fat). (2) The CrPic group was fed standard diet and CrPic (80 μg CrPic per kilogram body mass (b.m.)/day), for 10 weeks (microgram/kilogram b.m./day). (3) The HFD/STZ group fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 40 % fat) for 2 weeks and then received streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) (i.v.) HFD-STZ–CrPic group treated as the previous group and then were administered CrPic. CrPic administration to HFD/STZ-treated rats increased brain Chromium levels and improved all measurements of carbohydrate metabolism and serotonergic properties (P < 0.001). CrPic also significantly increased levels of insulin, tryptophan, and serotonin (P < 0.001) in the serum and brain, and decreased cortisol levels in the serum (P < 0.01). Except Chromium levels, no significant effect of CrPic supplementation was detected on the overall measured parameters in the control group. CrPic administration was well tolerated without any adverse events. The results support the use of CrPic supplementation which improves serotonergic properties of brain in diabetes.

  • effects of dietary Chromium Picolinate supplementation on serum glucose cholesterol and minerals of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
    Aquaculture International, 2006
    Co-Authors: F Z Kucukbay, Nurhan Sahin, Hasan Yazlak, M N Cakmak
    Abstract:

    The effect of Chromium (Chromium Picolinate, CrPic) supplementation at various levels (0, 400, 800 or 1600 μg Cr/kg diet) on serum concentrations of glucose and cholesterol and on serum and liver concentrations of Cr, Zn, Cu and Fe of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated. One-year-old rainbow trout (n=120) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, each with two replicates of 15 fish. The fish were fed either a control diet or the control diet supplemented with either 400, 800 or 1600 μg Cr/kg diet. Serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations decreased (p=0.001) with higher dietary Chromium supplementation. Increasing dietary Chromium supplementation linearly increased serum Chromium and zinc concentrations (p=0.001). Serum copper and iron concentrations did not change (p>0.10) as dietary Chromium supplementation increased. Liver Chromium and zinc concentrations linearly increased (p=0.001). Also, liver Cu and Fe concentrations did not change (p>0.10) as dietary Chromium supplementation increased. The results of present study conclude that supplemental Chromium to the diet of rainbow trout influences serum and liver Cr and Zn concentrations, thus most probably functions of the organs as well as the welfare of raibow trout.

  • Chromium Picolinate rather than biotin alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat stressed quail
    British Poultry Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Nurhan Sahin, Kazim Sahin, Muhittin Onderci, M F Gursu, Gurkan Cikim, J Vijaya, Osman Kucuk
    Abstract:

    1. The effects of Chromium Picolinate and biotin supplementation alone and in combination on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, vitamin E, glucose and cholesterol levels were evaluated in Japanese quail exposed to high ambient temperature. 2. Two hundred and forty quails (10d old) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments at room temperature (22 degrees C; thermoneutral, TN) or ambient (34 degrees C for 8 h/d; heat stress, HS). Both TN and HS were fed either on a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with 400 microg of Cr/kg (Cr group), 0.5 mg of biotin/kg of diet (biotin group) or both (Cr + Biotin group). 3. Supplementing the diet of heat-stressed quails with Chromium Picolinate improved live weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcase traits. Biotin supplementation during TN and HS conditions did not have any beneficial effects on body weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency or carcase traits. 4. Either in combination or alone, Chromium Picolinate increased serum concentrations of vitamins C and E, but decreased MDA, glucose and cholesterol concentrations in birds kept at high ambient temperature. There was no difference in vitamins C and E and MDA concentrations between birds given Chromium Picolinate and birds receiving Chromium Picolinate plus biotin, while glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all groups. The lowest concentrations of cholesterol and glucose were found in the combination group under both TN and HS conditions. An interaction between diet and temperature was detected for glucose and cholesterol concentrations. 5. Excretion rates for zinc, iron and Chromium were lower in TN groups than in the corresponding HS groups. Supplementing diet with Chromium Picolinate and Chromium Picolinate plus biotin decreased excretion of minerals while biotin alone did not effect excretion of minerals. 6. Chromium supplementation, but not biotin supplementation, attenuated the decline in performance and antioxidant status resulting from heat stress.

John B Vincent - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nutritional supplement Chromium Picolinate generates chromosomal aberrations and impedes progeny development in drosophila melanogaster
    Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2006
    Co-Authors: Dontarie Stallings, Dion D D Hepburn, John B Vincent, Meredith Hannah, Janis M Odonnell
    Abstract:

    Chromium Picolinate, [Cr(pic)(3)], is a popular nutritional supplement found in a variety of consumer products. Despite its popularity, safety concerns over its use have arisen. The supplement has been shown to generate clastogenic damage, mitochondrial damage, oxidative damage, and mutagenic effects in cultured cells and oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in rats. Recently [Cr(pic)(3)] has been demonstrated to generate heritable genetic change and delays in progeny development in Drosophila melanogaster. Based on the damage to chromosomes of cultured cells and of animal models, similar chromosome damage appeared to be a likely source of the mutagenic effects of the supplement in Drosophila. The current three-part study examines the effects of several Chromium-containing supplements and their components on hatching and eclosion rates and success of development of first generation progeny of adult Drosophila fed food containing these compounds. It further examines the effects of the compounds on longevity of virgin male and female adults. Finally, the chromosomes in the salivary glands of Drosophila late in the third instar larval stage, which were the progeny of Drosophila whose diets were supplemented with nutritional levels of [Cr(pic)(3)], are shown to contain on average over one chromosomal aberration per two identifiable chromosomal arms. No aberrations were observed in chromosomes of progeny of untreated flies. The results suggest that human consumption of the supplement should be a matter of concern and continued investigation to provide insight into the requirements of Chromium-containing supplements to give rise to genotoxic effects.

  • exposure of pregnant mice to Chromium Picolinate results in skeletal defects in their offspring
    Birth Defects Research Part B-developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Melissa M Bailey, Jonathan G Boohaker, R D Sawyer, J E Behling, Jane F Rasco, J J Jernigan, Ronald D Hood, John B Vincent
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Chromium(III) Picolinate, [Cr(pic)3], is a widely marketed dietary supplement. However, Cr(pic)3 has been associated with oxidative damage to DNA in rats and mutations and DNA fragmentation in cell cultures. In isolated case reports, Cr(pic)3 supplementation has been said to cause adverse effects, such as anemia, renal failure, liver dysfunction, and neuronal impairment. To date, no studies have been published regarding the safety of Chromium Picolinate supplementation to a developing fetus, although Cr(pic)3 has been recommended for pregnant women who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes. METHODS: From gestation days (GD) 6–17, pregnant CD-1 mice were fed diets containing either 200 mg/kg Cr(pic)3, 200 mg/kg CrCl3, 174 mg/kg picolinic acid, or the diet only to determine if Cr(pic)3, CrCl3, or picolinic acid could cause developmental toxicity. Dams were sacrificed on GD 17, and their litters were examined for adverse effects. RESULTS: The incidence of bifurcated cervical arches was significantly increased in fetuses from the Cr(pic)3 group as compared to the diet-only group. Fetuses in the picolinic acid-treated group had an incidence double that of the control group; however, this increase was not statistically significant. Fetuses in the CrCl3 group did not differ from the controls in any variable examined. No maternal toxicity was observed in any of the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: High maternal oral exposures to Chromium Picolinate can cause morphological defects in developing offspring of mice. Birth Defects Research (Part B) 77:244–249, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • nutritional supplement Chromium Picolinate causes sterility and lethal mutations in drosophila melanogaster
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003
    Co-Authors: Dion D D Hepburn, John B Vincent, Jiarong Xiao, Sharell Bindom, Janis M Odonnell
    Abstract:

    The nutritional dietary supplement Chromium Picolinate, [Cr(pic)3], has gained much notoriety as a safe supplement that supposedly promotes fat loss and muscle enhancement in humans. Thus, a significant industry has materialized around the incorporation of [Cr(pic)3] in many sports foods and drinks and a variety of weight loss products. However, in vitro studies have suggested that low levels of [Cr(pic)3] in the presence of biological reducing agents can catalytically generate reactive oxygen species, and recent in vivo studies have detected oxidative damage in rats receiving the supplement. The potential deleterious in vivo effects of this activity were examined by using Drosophila melanogaster. [Cr(pic)3], but not CrCl3, at levels of 260 μg Cr/kg food or less were found to lower the success rate of pupation and eclosion and to arrest development of pupae in a concentration dependent fashion. X-linked lethal analysis indicates that the supplement greatly enhances the rate of appearance of lethal mutations and dominant female sterility.

  • tissue and subcellular distribution of Chromium Picolinate with time after entering the bloodstream
    Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2003
    Co-Authors: Dion D D Hepburn, John B Vincent
    Abstract:

    Chromium Picolinate, [Cr(pic)(3)], is a popular nutritional supplement; however, the fate of the complex in vivo has not previously been established. Consequently, rats were administered [51Cr(pic)(3)] intravenously and the fate of the radiolabel in the urine, blood plasma, tissues, and subcellular components of hepatocytes was followed for the first 24 h after injection. The supplement leaves the blood stream rapidly appearing in the urine and entering tissue cells intact. Kidney, muscle, and liver possess most of the absorbed radiolabel. In hepatocytes, the radiolabel appears most rapidly in the nucleus and mitochondria, then in the cytosol, and finally in the lysosomes and microsomes. Thus, while the lifetime of the supplement in vivo is brief, it enters cells rapidly intact. The significance of the lifetime and distribution of [Cr(pic)(3)] in relationship to recent reported potential DNA damage from the supplement is discussed.

  • the nutritional supplement Chromium Picolinate generates oxidative dna damage and peroxidized lipids in vivo
    Polyhedron, 2003
    Co-Authors: Dion D D Hepburn, Stephen A. Woski, Marcel J Burney, John B Vincent
    Abstract:

    Abstract The nutritional supplement Chromium Picolinate, [Cr(pic)3], has been proposed to damage DNA, presumably through the catalytic formation of reactive oxygen species. For this mechanism to be important in vivo, the compound needs to bind to or be in close proximity of DNA. Recent studies have shown that [Cr(pic)3] does not accumulate in the nucleus and is not stable for prolonged periods of time in cells; this work also demonstrates that the supplement has little if any propensity to bind to DNA. However, as the supplement enters cells intact and is potentially capable of generating oxidative damage where it does occur, experiments were performed to probe for several forms of oxidative damage in rats. [Cr(pic)3] was found to raise urinary and cellular 8-OHdG levels in a time dependent fashion, and the compound was found to significantly increase lipid peroxidation in vivo. Thus, oxidative DNA damage (and lipid damage) from [Cr(pic)3] in whole animals has been observed for the first time.