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Brent A. Vogt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Where is Cingulate Cortex? A Cross-Species View
Trends in neurosciences, 2020Co-Authors: Sabrina Van Heukelum, Brent A. Vogt, Rogier B. Mars, Martin Guthrie, Jan K. Buitelaar, Christian F. Beckmann, Paul H. E. Tiesinga, Jeffrey C. Glennon, Martha N. HavenithAbstract:To compare findings across species, neuroscience relies on cross-species homologies, particularly in terms of brain areas. For Cingulate Cortex, a structure implicated in behavioural adaptation and control, a homologous definition across mammals is available - but currently not employed by most rodent researchers. The standard partitioning of rodent Cingulate Cortex is inconsistent with that in any other model species, including humans. Reviewing the existing literature, we show that the homologous definition better aligns results of rodent studies with those of other species, and reveals a clearer structural and functional organisation within rodent Cingulate Cortex itself. Based on these insights, we call for widespread adoption of the homologous nomenclature, and reinterpretation of previous studies originally based on the nonhomologous partitioning of rodent Cingulate Cortex.
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Cingulate Cortex in Parkinson's disease.
Handbook of clinical neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Brent A. VogtAbstract:Once a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been made, even in its earliest prodromal form of subjective memory impairment, cognitive impairment has begun and involves anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC). While the Braak staging scheme showed mid- to later-stage PD progression from Cingulate alloCortex adjacent to the corpus callosum and progressing into its neocortical moieties, the last decade has produced substantial information on the role of Cingulate Cortex in multiple symptoms, not just global measures of cognition. Voxel-based morphometry has been used in many studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in PD to show reduced thickness in ACC and posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC). Regional cerebral blood flow is altered in association with verbal IQ in all the PCC and anterior midCingulate Cortex and executive impairments in ACC. Diffusion tensor imaging shows reduced fractional anisotropy throughout the entire cingulum bundle. Amnestic MCI is associated with reduced dopamine-2 receptor binding in ACC and, even in cognitively normal PD cases, dopaminergic pathways in ACC are impaired early in association with executive and language functions. The cholinergic system also has substantial changes in nicotinic and muscarinic receptor binding, and therapy with donepezil improves Mini-Mental State Exam scores and metabolism in pACC and dPCC. Cingulate Cortex is also engaged in two critical symptoms: apathy and visual hallucinations. Finally, one can be optimistic that Cingulate Cortex will play an important role in developing new biomarkers of early PD. These methods have already been shown to be useful in Cingulate Cortex and include magnetic resonance spectroscopy, next-generation gene expression, and the new α-synuclein proximity ligation assay that specifically recognizes α-synuclein oligomers. Thus the future is bright for developing multivariate, multimodal biomarkers that include Cingulate Cortex.
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Cingulate Cortex in the three limbic subsystems
Handbook of clinical neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Brent A. VogtAbstract:Broca's (1878) definition of the limbic lobe referred to its being located at the edge of the cerebral Cortex, and Papez (1937) and MacLean (1990) welded a series of medial surface structures into what we now know as the limbic system. The last four decades of research have provided a wealth of detailed information on the connectivity and functions of the limbic system and one can only conclude that it is not a uniform and single system. The Cingulate Cortex itself has three major divisions: anterior primarily for emotion, middle mainly for response selection and feedback-guided decision making, and posterior/retrosplenial cortices for visuospatial orientation and assessing the self-relevance of objects and events. Each of these divisions has a different cytoarchitecture and set of connections. The Cingulate observations lead to a new framework of limbic organization: three limbic subsystems that include the amygdala, orbitofrontal Cortex, the insula, the hippocampus, and, of course, the Cingulate Cortex. This concept is expanded in terms of connectivity among them and the underlying functions of each subsystem. The three limbic subsystems considered here are the "anterior emotional subsystem," the "middle sensorimotor subsystem," and the "posterior cognitive spatial map subsystem" for localizing personally relevant objects and episodes. A defining characteristic of the anterior emotional subsystem is its input from the amygdala. Another interesting outcome of this analysis is that the middle hippocampus and anterior midCingulate Cortex share a role in approach-avoidance decision making suggesting a potential for connectional synergy. Thus, the concept of "a" limbic system needs radical revision to accommodate a minimum of three limbic subsystems. As this approach was initiated by the three-part composition of the Cingulate Cortex, a finer-grain analysis of the Cingulate region shows that six limbic subsystems may be a more accurate reflection of limbic organization.
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cytoarchitecture and neurocytology of rabbit Cingulate Cortex
Brain Structure & Function, 2016Co-Authors: Brent A. VogtAbstract:The rabbit Cingulate Cortex is highly differentiated in contrast to rodents and numerous recent advances suggest the rabbit area map needs revision. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess cytoarchitecture with neuron-specific nuclear binding protein (NeuN) and neurocytology with intermediate neurofilament proteins, parvalbumin and glutamic acid decarboxylase. Key findings include: (1) Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) area 32 has dorsal and ventral divisions. (2) Area 33 is part of ACC. (3) MidCingulate Cortex (MCC) has anterior and posterior divisions and this was verified with extensive quantitative analysis and a horizontal series of sections. (4) NeuN, also known as Fox-3, is not limited to somata and formed nodules, granular clusters and striations in the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons. (5) Area 30 forms a complex of anterior and posterior parts with further medial and lateral divisions. (6) Area 29b has two divisions and occupies substantially more volume than in rat. (7) Area 29a begins with a subsplenial component and extends relatively further caudal than in rat. As similar areal designations are often used among species, direct comparisons were made of rabbit areas with those in rat and monkey. The dichotomy of MCC is of particular interest to studies of pain as anterior MCC is most frequently activated in human acute pain studies and the rabbit can be used to study this subregion. Finally, the area 30 complex is not primarily dysgranular as in rat and is more differentiated than in any other mammal including human. The large and highly differentiated rabbit Cingulate Cortex provides a unique model for assessing Cingulate Cortex, pain processing and RNA splicing functions.
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Cingulate Cortex and Pain Architecture
The Rat Nervous System, 2015Co-Authors: Brent A. VogtAbstract:This chapter assesses Cingulate Cortex from four perspectives: (1) Regional, areal and cellular organization with special emphasis given to midCingulate Cortex (MCC) as it is a relatively new entrant to rodent research; (2) Autonomic, thalamic and cortical connections of anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC); (3) Anterior Cingulate pain architecture in terms of thalamic afferents, intracortical processing and regulation by μ-opioid receptors, and output systems including descending inhibitory and facilatory control mechanisms; and (4) Comparative organization of rat and human Cingulate cortices. Throughout the chapter there are a number of overarching themes such as differentiation of ACC and MCC with cytological, connection and ligand binding methods. Although MCC has never been studied behaviorally, a new theory of its functions is presented to guide future research efforts. Finally, the cumulative outcome of this review is a new rat flat map that includes dorsal and ventral area 32, MCC areas 24a′ and 24b′, and anterior and posterior divisions of retrosplenial areas 29 and 30. This comprehensive map provides the basis for explicit comparative neuroanatomical studies and will be of particular value in devising rodent models of human Cingulate diseases.
Jerome Sallet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The macaque anterior Cingulate Cortex translates counterfactual choice value into actual behavioral change
Nature Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Elsa Fouragnan, Davide Folloni, Nils Kolling, Lennart Verhagen, Miriam C. Klein-flügge, Lev Tankelevitch, Jean-françois Aubry, Bolton Chau, Georgios Papageorgiou, Jerome SalletAbstract:The neural mechanisms mediating sensory-guided decision-making have received considerable attention, but animals often pursue behaviors for which there is currently no sensory evidence. Such behaviors are guided by internal representations of choice values that have to be maintained even when these choices are unavailable. We investigated how four macaque monkeys maintained representations of the value of counterfactual choices-choices that could not be taken at the current moment but which could be taken in the future. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found two different patterns of activity co-varying with values of counterfactual choices in a circuit spanning the hippocampus, the anterior lateral prefrontal Cortex and the anterior Cingulate Cortex. Anterior Cingulate Cortex activity also reflected whether the internal value representations would be translated into actual behavioral change. To establish the causal importance of the anterior Cingulate Cortex for this translation process, we used a novel technique, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation, to reversibly disrupt anterior Cingulate Cortex activity.
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The macaque anterior Cingulate Cortex translates counterfactual choice value into actual behavioral change.
Nature neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Elsa Fouragnan, Bolton K. H. Chau, Davide Folloni, Nils Kolling, Lennart Verhagen, Miriam C. Klein-flügge, Lev Tankelevitch, Georgios K. Papageorgiou, Jean-françois Aubry, Jerome SalletAbstract:The neural mechanisms mediating sensory-guided decision-making have received considerable attention, but animals often pursue behaviors for which there is currently no sensory evidence. Such behaviors are guided by internal representations of choice values that have to be maintained even when these choices are unavailable. We investigated how four macaque monkeys maintained representations of the value of counterfactual choices—choices that could not be taken at the current moment but which could be taken in the future. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found two different patterns of activity co-varying with values of counterfactual choices in a circuit spanning the hippocampus, the anterior lateral prefrontal Cortex and the anterior Cingulate Cortex. Anterior Cingulate Cortex activity also reflected whether the internal value representations would be translated into actual behavioral change. To establish the causal importance of the anterior Cingulate Cortex for this translation process, we used a novel technique, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation, to reversibly disrupt anterior Cingulate Cortex activity. Fouragnan et al. used neuroimaging and ultrasound neuromodution in non-human primates to demonstrate the causal role of the anterior Cingulate Cortex in translating counterfactual values in future choices.
Elsa Fouragnan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The macaque anterior Cingulate Cortex translates counterfactual choice value into actual behavioral change
Nature Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Elsa Fouragnan, Davide Folloni, Nils Kolling, Lennart Verhagen, Miriam C. Klein-flügge, Lev Tankelevitch, Jean-françois Aubry, Bolton Chau, Georgios Papageorgiou, Jerome SalletAbstract:The neural mechanisms mediating sensory-guided decision-making have received considerable attention, but animals often pursue behaviors for which there is currently no sensory evidence. Such behaviors are guided by internal representations of choice values that have to be maintained even when these choices are unavailable. We investigated how four macaque monkeys maintained representations of the value of counterfactual choices-choices that could not be taken at the current moment but which could be taken in the future. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found two different patterns of activity co-varying with values of counterfactual choices in a circuit spanning the hippocampus, the anterior lateral prefrontal Cortex and the anterior Cingulate Cortex. Anterior Cingulate Cortex activity also reflected whether the internal value representations would be translated into actual behavioral change. To establish the causal importance of the anterior Cingulate Cortex for this translation process, we used a novel technique, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation, to reversibly disrupt anterior Cingulate Cortex activity.
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The macaque anterior Cingulate Cortex translates counterfactual choice value into actual behavioral change.
Nature neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Elsa Fouragnan, Bolton K. H. Chau, Davide Folloni, Nils Kolling, Lennart Verhagen, Miriam C. Klein-flügge, Lev Tankelevitch, Georgios K. Papageorgiou, Jean-françois Aubry, Jerome SalletAbstract:The neural mechanisms mediating sensory-guided decision-making have received considerable attention, but animals often pursue behaviors for which there is currently no sensory evidence. Such behaviors are guided by internal representations of choice values that have to be maintained even when these choices are unavailable. We investigated how four macaque monkeys maintained representations of the value of counterfactual choices—choices that could not be taken at the current moment but which could be taken in the future. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found two different patterns of activity co-varying with values of counterfactual choices in a circuit spanning the hippocampus, the anterior lateral prefrontal Cortex and the anterior Cingulate Cortex. Anterior Cingulate Cortex activity also reflected whether the internal value representations would be translated into actual behavioral change. To establish the causal importance of the anterior Cingulate Cortex for this translation process, we used a novel technique, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation, to reversibly disrupt anterior Cingulate Cortex activity. Fouragnan et al. used neuroimaging and ultrasound neuromodution in non-human primates to demonstrate the causal role of the anterior Cingulate Cortex in translating counterfactual values in future choices.
Patrick R. Hof - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive deficits, schizophrenia, and the anterior Cingulate Cortex.
Trends in cognitive sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Glenn S. Sanders, Patrick R. Hof, Gordon G. Gallup, Helmut Heinsen, Christoph SchmitzAbstract:Cognitive deficits are thought to be responsible for some of the symptoms and dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent research on the anterior Cingulate Cortex supports this assumption. More detailed and definitive evidence for this association will require identification of specific neural networks whose abnormal structure, connections or activity create the cognitive deficits in question.
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Neurofilament and calcium-binding proteins in the human Cingulate Cortex.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1997Co-Authors: Esther A. Nimchinsky, Brent A. Vogt, John H. Morrison, Patrick R. HofAbstract:Functional imaging studies of the human brain have suggested the involvement of the Cingulate gyrus in a wide variety of affective, cognitive, motor, and sensory functions. These studies highlighted the need for detailed anatomic analyses to delineate its many cortical fields more clearly. In the present study, neurofilament protein, and the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin were used as neurochemical markers to study the differences among areas and subareas in the distributions of particular cell types or neuropil staining patterns. The most rostral parts of the anterior Cingulate Cortex were marked by a lower density of neurofilament protein-containing neurons, which were virtually restricted to layers V and VI. Immunoreactive layer III neurons, in contrast, were sparse in the anterior Cingulate Cortex, and reached maximal densities in the posterior Cingulate Cortex. These neurons were more prevalent in dorsal than in ventral portions of the gyrus. Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons generally had the same distribution. Calbindin- and calretinin-immunoreactive nonpyramidal neurons had a more uniform distribution along the gyrus. Calbindin-immunoreactive pyramidal neurons were more abundant anteriorly than posteriorly, and a population of calretinin-immunoreactive pyramidal-like neurons in layer V was found largely in the most anterior and ventral portions of the gyrus. Neuropil labeling with parvalbumin and calbindin was most dense in layer III of the anterior Cingulate Cortex. In addition, parvalbumin-immunoreactive axonal cartridges were most dense in layer V of area 24a. Calretinin immunoreactivity showed less regional specificity, with the exception of areas 29 and 30. These chemoarchitectonic features may represent cellular reflections of functional specializations in distinct domains of the Cingulate Cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 384:597‐620, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: calbindin; calretinin; cerebral Cortex; human brain chemoarchitecture; limbic system; parvalbumin
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human Cingulate Cortex surface features flat maps and cytoarchitecture
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Brent A. Vogt, Esther A. Nimchinsky, Leslie J Vogt, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The surface morphology land cytoarchitecture of human Cingulate Cortex was evaluated in the brains of 27 neurologically intact individuals. Variations in surface features included a single Cingulate sulcus (CS) with or without segmentation or double parallel sulci with or without segmentation. The single CS was deeper (9.7 ± 0.81 mm) than in cases with double parallel sulci (7.5 ± 0.48 mm). There were dimples parallel to the CS in anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) and anastomoses between the CS and the superior CS. Flat maps of the medial cortical surface were made in a two-stage reconstruction process and used to plot areas. The ACC is agranular and has a prominent layer V. Areas 33 and 25 have poor laminar differentiation, and there are three parts of area 24: area 24a adjacent to area 33 and partially within the callosal sulcus has homogeneous layers II and III, area 24b on the gyral surface has the most prominent layer Va of any Cingulate area and distinct layers IIIa-b and IIIc, and area 24c in the ventral bank of the CS has thin layers II–III and no differentiation of layer V. There are four caudal divisions of area 24. Areas 24a′ and 24b′ have a thinner layer Va and layer III is thicker and less dense than in areas 24a and 24b. Area 24c′ is caudal to area 24c and has densely packed, large pyramids throughout layer V. Area 24c'g is caudal to area 24c′ and has the largest layer Vb pyramidal neurons in Cingulate Cortex. Area 32 is a cingulofrontal transition Cortex with large layer IIIc pyramidal neurons and a dysgranular layer IV. Area 32′ is caudal to area 32 and has an indistinct layer IV, larger layer IIIc pyramids, and fewer neurons in layer Va. Posterior Cingulate Cortex has medial and lateral parts of area 29, a dysgranular area 30, and three divisions of area 23: area 23a has a thin layer IIIc and moderate-sized pyramids in layer Va, area 23b has large and prominent pyramids in layers IIIc and Va, and area 23c has the thinnest layers V and VI in Cingulate Cortex. Area 31 is the cinguloparietal transition area in the parasplenial lobules and has very large layer IIIc pyramids. Finally, variations in architecture between cases were assessed in neuron perikarya counts in area 23a. There was an age-related decrease in neuron density in layer IV (r = −0.63; ages 45–102), but not in other layers. These observations provide structural underpinnings for interpreting functional imaging studies of the human medial surface. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Spindle neurons of the human anterior Cingulate Cortex.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Esther A. Nimchinsky, Brent A. Vogt, John H. Morrison, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The human anterior Cingulate Cortex is distinguished by the presence of an unusual cell type, a large spindle neuron in layer Vb. This cell has been noted numerous times in the historical literature but has not been studied with modern neuroanatomic techniques. For instance, details regarding the neuronal class to which these cells belong and regarding their precise distribution along both ventrodorsal and anteroposterior axes of the Cingulate gyrus are still lacking. In the present study, morphological features and the anatomic distribution of this cell type were studied using computer-assisted mapping and immunocytochemical techniques. Spindle neurons are restricted to the subfields of the anterior Cingulate Cortex (Brodmann's area 24), exhibiting a greater density in anterior portions of this area than in posterior portions, and tapering off in the transition zone between anterior and posterior Cingulate Cortex. Furthermore, a majority of the spindle cells at any level is located in subarea 24b on the gyral surface. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the neurofilament protein triple was present in a large percentage of these neurons and that they did not contain calcium-binding proteins. Injections of the carbocyanine dye DiI into the cingulum bundle revealed that these cells are projection neurons. Finally, spindle cells were consistently affected in Alzheimer's disease cases, with an overall loss of about 60%. Taken together, these observations indicate that the spindle cells of the human Cingulate Cortex represent a morphological subpopulation of pyramidal neurons whose restricted distribution may be associated with functionally distinct areas.
Davide Folloni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The macaque anterior Cingulate Cortex translates counterfactual choice value into actual behavioral change
Nature Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Elsa Fouragnan, Davide Folloni, Nils Kolling, Lennart Verhagen, Miriam C. Klein-flügge, Lev Tankelevitch, Jean-françois Aubry, Bolton Chau, Georgios Papageorgiou, Jerome SalletAbstract:The neural mechanisms mediating sensory-guided decision-making have received considerable attention, but animals often pursue behaviors for which there is currently no sensory evidence. Such behaviors are guided by internal representations of choice values that have to be maintained even when these choices are unavailable. We investigated how four macaque monkeys maintained representations of the value of counterfactual choices-choices that could not be taken at the current moment but which could be taken in the future. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found two different patterns of activity co-varying with values of counterfactual choices in a circuit spanning the hippocampus, the anterior lateral prefrontal Cortex and the anterior Cingulate Cortex. Anterior Cingulate Cortex activity also reflected whether the internal value representations would be translated into actual behavioral change. To establish the causal importance of the anterior Cingulate Cortex for this translation process, we used a novel technique, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation, to reversibly disrupt anterior Cingulate Cortex activity.
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The macaque anterior Cingulate Cortex translates counterfactual choice value into actual behavioral change.
Nature neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Elsa Fouragnan, Bolton K. H. Chau, Davide Folloni, Nils Kolling, Lennart Verhagen, Miriam C. Klein-flügge, Lev Tankelevitch, Georgios K. Papageorgiou, Jean-françois Aubry, Jerome SalletAbstract:The neural mechanisms mediating sensory-guided decision-making have received considerable attention, but animals often pursue behaviors for which there is currently no sensory evidence. Such behaviors are guided by internal representations of choice values that have to be maintained even when these choices are unavailable. We investigated how four macaque monkeys maintained representations of the value of counterfactual choices—choices that could not be taken at the current moment but which could be taken in the future. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found two different patterns of activity co-varying with values of counterfactual choices in a circuit spanning the hippocampus, the anterior lateral prefrontal Cortex and the anterior Cingulate Cortex. Anterior Cingulate Cortex activity also reflected whether the internal value representations would be translated into actual behavioral change. To establish the causal importance of the anterior Cingulate Cortex for this translation process, we used a novel technique, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation, to reversibly disrupt anterior Cingulate Cortex activity. Fouragnan et al. used neuroimaging and ultrasound neuromodution in non-human primates to demonstrate the causal role of the anterior Cingulate Cortex in translating counterfactual values in future choices.