The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Harvey S. Levin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cognitive and linguistic correlates of children s discourse after Closed Head Injury a three year follow up
    Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 2000
    Co-Authors: Bonnie L Brookshire, Sandra B. Chapman, James Song, Harvey S. Levin
    Abstract:

    The discourse of 91 children who had sustained severe (n 5 68) or mild (n 5 23) Closed Head Injury (CHI) was examined at least three years postInjury. The groups’ retellings of a narrative story were analyzed according to two domains, information and language. In comparison to the mild CHI group, the severe group produced stories characterized by reduced content and information, impaired organization, fewer words, and less complex sentences. The relationships between discourse production and the groups’ performance on measures of language, executive function, memory, and processing speed were examined. Correlations were found between discourse production and general verbal ability including verbal fluency. Correlations were also found for discourse performance and executive function measures associated with problem solving and working memory. Site and extent of lesion were not useful in predicting discourse production. These findings indicate that children who sustain a severe Closed Head Injury during early to middle childhood are at risk for persisting deficits in discourse processing and other cognitive abilities. ( JINS, 2000, 6, 741‐751)

  • narrative discourse in children with Closed Head Injury children with language impairment and typically developing children
    American Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Sandra B. Chapman, Harvey S. Levin, Ruth V Watkins, Carol Gustafson, Stefanie Moore, Joseph A Kufera
    Abstract:

    In this paper, narrative discourse abilities are compared across three groups—children with a moderate to severe Closed Head Injury (CHI), children with language impairment (LI), and a group of typ...

  • Behavioral Outcomes After Pediatric Closed Head Injury: Relationships With Age, Severity, and Lesion Size:
    Journal of Child Neurology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Jack M. Fletcher, Harvey S. Levin, David Lachar, Lori Kusnerik, Harriet Harward, Dianne B. Mendelsohn, Matthew A. Lilly
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the behavioral outcomes and adaptive functioning of 138 children with mild to severe Closed Head Injury in the 6- to 16-year age range. Each child was evaluated with the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised. A subset of this sample (n = 77) received the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Results revealed little evidence for group differences based on severity of Closed Head Injury on scales associated with psychopathology on the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised. However, children with severe Closed Head Injury were viewed as experiencing more difficulties than children with mild-moderate Closed Head Injury on those components of the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised most closely associated with cognitive functions. In addition, on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, severely injured children had lower scores on the Communication and Socialization scales than children with mild-moderate Injury. Relationships between the size of frontal and extrafrontal le...

  • Neurobehavioral Outcome of Closed Head Injury: Implications for Clinical Trials
    Journal of Neurotrauma, 1995
    Co-Authors: Harvey S. Levin
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT This review encompasses the neurobehavioral sequelae of moderate to severe Closed Head Injury (CHI). Following a discussion of posttraumatic amnesia and its measurement, the paper discusses assessment of the global outcome of CHI using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Domains of residual neurobehavioral sequelae that are reviewed include attention/information processing speed, memory, language, intellectual ability, executive functions, and motor speed. The contribution of behavioral disturbance and psychosocial maladjustment to overall outcome is reviewed, as is the impact on the family. Finally, the neurobehavioral outcome measures for clinical trials involving moderate to severe Head-injured patients are presented. Caveats for completing clinical trials that involve assessment of neurobehavioral functioning are provided. Key words: Closed Head Injury; Glasgow Outcome Scale; posttraumatic amnesia; neurobehavioral sequelae

  • Attentional Disturbance After Pediatric Closed Head Injury
    Journal of Child Neurology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Paul M. Kaufmann, Jack M. Fletcher, Harvey S. Levin, Michael E. Miner, Linda Ewing-cobbs
    Abstract:

    The influence of severity of Closed Head Injury and age on attentional functioning was prospectively investigated in 36 children (age range, 7 to 16 years) 6 months after Injury. Children were placed into mild, moderate, and severe Injury groups using established neurologic criteria. Each child received the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised Digit Span subtest and a continuous performance test. Children with severe Closed Head Injury demonstrated significantly poorer continuous performance test scores than mildly or moderately injured children. Injury severity had no effect on Digit Span scores. Younger children exhibited more pronounced impairment on the continuous performance test relative to uninjured age peers. These results extend the persistence of attentional impairments beyond those of previous reports. Closed Head Injury is not associated with preferential sparing of sustained attention in younger children 6 months after Injury. Brain Injury earlier in life may result in delayed vul...

Sandra B. Chapman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cognitive and linguistic correlates of children s discourse after Closed Head Injury a three year follow up
    Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 2000
    Co-Authors: Bonnie L Brookshire, Sandra B. Chapman, James Song, Harvey S. Levin
    Abstract:

    The discourse of 91 children who had sustained severe (n 5 68) or mild (n 5 23) Closed Head Injury (CHI) was examined at least three years postInjury. The groups’ retellings of a narrative story were analyzed according to two domains, information and language. In comparison to the mild CHI group, the severe group produced stories characterized by reduced content and information, impaired organization, fewer words, and less complex sentences. The relationships between discourse production and the groups’ performance on measures of language, executive function, memory, and processing speed were examined. Correlations were found between discourse production and general verbal ability including verbal fluency. Correlations were also found for discourse performance and executive function measures associated with problem solving and working memory. Site and extent of lesion were not useful in predicting discourse production. These findings indicate that children who sustain a severe Closed Head Injury during early to middle childhood are at risk for persisting deficits in discourse processing and other cognitive abilities. ( JINS, 2000, 6, 741‐751)

  • Cognitive-Communication Abilities in Children With Closed Head Injury
    American Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Sandra B. Chapman
    Abstract:

    The cognitive-communicative needs of children and adolescents with Closed Head Injury (CHI) are an important responsibility facing speech-language pathologists today. Growing evidence suggests that...

  • narrative discourse in children with Closed Head Injury children with language impairment and typically developing children
    American Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Sandra B. Chapman, Harvey S. Levin, Ruth V Watkins, Carol Gustafson, Stefanie Moore, Joseph A Kufera
    Abstract:

    In this paper, narrative discourse abilities are compared across three groups—children with a moderate to severe Closed Head Injury (CHI), children with language impairment (LI), and a group of typ...

  • narrative discourse after Closed Head Injury in children and adolescents
    Brain and Language, 1992
    Co-Authors: Sandra B. Chapman, Jack M. Fletcher, Harvey S. Levin, Harriet Harward, Dianne B. Mendelsohn, Kathleen A Culhane, Linda Ewingcobbs, Derek A Bruce
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study examined narrative discourse in 20 children and adolescents at least 1 year after sustaining a Head Injury. Narratives were analyzed along the dimensions of language structure, information structure, and flow of information. Severity of impaired consciousness was associated with a significant reduction in the amount of language and information. The most important finding which emerged was the disruption in information structure. This pattern confirms the impression of disorganized discourse in severely injured children. Explanations for the disruption in information structure are explored in terms of the role of vocabulary, memory, and localization of lesion according to magnetic resonance imaging. In view of recent evidence that frontal lobe damage is associated with discourse formulation deficits in adults and is the most common site of focal lesion in Closed Head Injury, we examined discourse patterns in individual patients with frontal lobe lesions. Preliminary data from our single-case studies suggest discourse patterns similar to those reported for adults with frontal lobe injuries.

R J Greenwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • assessment of post traumatic amnesia after severe Closed Head Injury retrospective or prospective
    Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1996
    Co-Authors: T. M. Mcmillan, E L M M Jongen, R J Greenwood
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic amnesia is considered to be the best single indicator of the severity of Closed Head Injury. Usually, it has been estimated retrospectively. For practical reasons this also tends to be the most common clinical method. It has been argued that prospective assessment is more accurate and reliable, but this has never been evaluated empirically in severe Head Injury. METHODS: Post-traumatic amnesia was initially assessed prospectively and later retrospectively by a separate observer in the same patients. RESULTS: The correlation between the two methods was high. In addition, both measures significantly correlated with other measures of severity of brain Injury and with measures of outcome. CONCLUSION: Retrospective measurement of post-traumatic amnesia is a valid method.

T. M. Mcmillan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder following minor and severe Closed Head Injury: 10 single cases
    Brain Injury, 1996
    Co-Authors: T. M. Mcmillan
    Abstract:

    Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was found to occur after minor or severe Closed Head Injury in 10 single cases which are reported in detail. They were drawn from 312 cases of Closed Head Injury who were referred for neuropsychological assessment or neurorehabilitation. All cases which had been given both diagnoses are presented. Information was collected retrospectively from case notes and reports. It is argued that a continuum of experience, which represents the entirety of an event, is not necessary for PTSD to occur, but that a 'window' of real or imagined experience which results from loss of consciousness and post-traumatic amnesia after Closed Head Injury need not prevent the symptoms of PTSD from arising, although they may make them less likely and the phenomenon of the dual diagnoses relatively rare. The issue of whether PTSD found following Closed Head Injury is a sub-classification of PTSD is raised.

  • assessment of post traumatic amnesia after severe Closed Head Injury retrospective or prospective
    Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1996
    Co-Authors: T. M. Mcmillan, E L M M Jongen, R J Greenwood
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic amnesia is considered to be the best single indicator of the severity of Closed Head Injury. Usually, it has been estimated retrospectively. For practical reasons this also tends to be the most common clinical method. It has been argued that prospective assessment is more accurate and reliable, but this has never been evaluated empirically in severe Head Injury. METHODS: Post-traumatic amnesia was initially assessed prospectively and later retrospectively by a separate observer in the same patients. RESULTS: The correlation between the two methods was high. In addition, both measures significantly correlated with other measures of severity of brain Injury and with measures of outcome. CONCLUSION: Retrospective measurement of post-traumatic amnesia is a valid method.

Jack M. Fletcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Behavioral Outcomes After Pediatric Closed Head Injury: Relationships With Age, Severity, and Lesion Size:
    Journal of Child Neurology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Jack M. Fletcher, Harvey S. Levin, David Lachar, Lori Kusnerik, Harriet Harward, Dianne B. Mendelsohn, Matthew A. Lilly
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the behavioral outcomes and adaptive functioning of 138 children with mild to severe Closed Head Injury in the 6- to 16-year age range. Each child was evaluated with the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised. A subset of this sample (n = 77) received the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Results revealed little evidence for group differences based on severity of Closed Head Injury on scales associated with psychopathology on the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised. However, children with severe Closed Head Injury were viewed as experiencing more difficulties than children with mild-moderate Closed Head Injury on those components of the Personality Inventory for Children-Revised most closely associated with cognitive functions. In addition, on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, severely injured children had lower scores on the Communication and Socialization scales than children with mild-moderate Injury. Relationships between the size of frontal and extrafrontal le...

  • Attentional Disturbance After Pediatric Closed Head Injury
    Journal of Child Neurology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Paul M. Kaufmann, Jack M. Fletcher, Harvey S. Levin, Michael E. Miner, Linda Ewing-cobbs
    Abstract:

    The influence of severity of Closed Head Injury and age on attentional functioning was prospectively investigated in 36 children (age range, 7 to 16 years) 6 months after Injury. Children were placed into mild, moderate, and severe Injury groups using established neurologic criteria. Each child received the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised Digit Span subtest and a continuous performance test. Children with severe Closed Head Injury demonstrated significantly poorer continuous performance test scores than mildly or moderately injured children. Injury severity had no effect on Digit Span scores. Younger children exhibited more pronounced impairment on the continuous performance test relative to uninjured age peers. These results extend the persistence of attentional impairments beyond those of previous reports. Closed Head Injury is not associated with preferential sparing of sustained attention in younger children 6 months after Injury. Brain Injury earlier in life may result in delayed vul...

  • narrative discourse after Closed Head Injury in children and adolescents
    Brain and Language, 1992
    Co-Authors: Sandra B. Chapman, Jack M. Fletcher, Harvey S. Levin, Harriet Harward, Dianne B. Mendelsohn, Kathleen A Culhane, Linda Ewingcobbs, Derek A Bruce
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study examined narrative discourse in 20 children and adolescents at least 1 year after sustaining a Head Injury. Narratives were analyzed along the dimensions of language structure, information structure, and flow of information. Severity of impaired consciousness was associated with a significant reduction in the amount of language and information. The most important finding which emerged was the disruption in information structure. This pattern confirms the impression of disorganized discourse in severely injured children. Explanations for the disruption in information structure are explored in terms of the role of vocabulary, memory, and localization of lesion according to magnetic resonance imaging. In view of recent evidence that frontal lobe damage is associated with discourse formulation deficits in adults and is the most common site of focal lesion in Closed Head Injury, we examined discourse patterns in individual patients with frontal lobe lesions. Preliminary data from our single-case studies suggest discourse patterns similar to those reported for adults with frontal lobe injuries.