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Undeland Ingrid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Oxidation of marine Oils during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion with human digestive fluids – Role of Oil origin, added tocopherols and lipolytic activity
    'Elsevier BV', 2019
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia, Vegarud G. E., Undeland Ingrid
    Abstract:

    The formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) in Cod Liver-, anchovy-, krill-, and algae Oil during in vitro digestion with human gastrointestinal fluids was investigated. Adding rabbit gastric lipase, lipase inhibitor (orlistat) and tocopherols to Cod Liver Oil, lipolysis and oxidation was also studied. Among the marine Oils, the highest aldehyde levels (18 \ub5M MDA, 3 \ub5M HHE and 0.2 \ub5M HNE) were detected after digestion of Cod Liver Oil, while the lowest levels were detected in krill and algae Oils. Addition of rabbit gastric lipase significantly increased the release of HNE during the digestion. Orlistat significantly reduced lipolysis and MDA formation. Formation of MDA and HHE was delayed by tocopherols, the tocopherol mix Covi-ox\uae T 70 EU being more effective than pure α-tocopherol

  • Oxidation of marine Oils during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion with human digestive fluids - Role of Oil origin, added tocopherols and lipolytic activity.
    'Elsevier BV', 2019
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia, Vegarud, Gerd Elisabeth, Undeland Ingrid
    Abstract:

    The formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) in Cod Liver-, anchovy-, krill-, and algae Oil during in vitro digestion with human gastrointestinal fluids was investigated. Adding rabbit gastric lipase, lipase inhibitor (orlistat) and tocopherols to Cod Liver Oil, lipolysis and oxidation was also studied. Among the marine Oils, the highest aldehyde levels (18 µM MDA, 3 µM HHE and 0.2 µM HNE) were detected after digestion of Cod Liver Oil, while the lowest levels were detected in krill and algae Oils. Addition of rabbit gastric lipase significantly increased the release of HNE during the digestion. Orlistat significantly reduced lipolysis and MDA formation. Formation of MDA and HHE was delayed by tocopherols, the tocopherol mix Covi-ox® T 70 EU being more effective than pure α-tocopherol.publishedVersio

  • Formation of reactive aldehydes (MDA, HHE, HNE) during the digestion of Cod Liver Oil: comparison of human and porcine in vitro digestion models
    2016
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia, Larsson Karin, Carlsson Nils-gunnar, Comi Irene, Scheers Nathalie, Vegarud Gerd, Undeland Ingrid
    Abstract:

    In this work, we investigated lipid oxidation of Cod Liver Oil during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion using two types of in vitro digestion models. In the first type of model, we used human GI juices, while we used digestive enzymes and bile from porcine origin in the second type of model. Human and porcine models were matched with respect to factors important for lipolysis, using a standardized digestion protocol. The digests were analysed for reactive oxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-hexenal (HHE) by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS), and for free fatty acids (FFA) obtained during the digestion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The formation of the oxidation products MDA, HHE, and HNE was low during the gastric digestion, however, it increased during the duodenal digestion. The formation of the oxidation products reached higher levels when digestive juices of human origin were used (60 μM of MDA, 0.96 μM of HHE, and 1.6 μM of HNE) compared to when using enzymes and bile of porcine origin (9.8, and 0.36 μM of MDA; 0.16, and 0.026 μM of HHE; 0.23, and 0.005 μM of HNE, respectively, in porcine models I and II). In all models, FFA release was only detected during the intestinal step, and reached up to 31% of total fatty acids (FA). The findings in this work may be of importance when designing oxidation oriented lipid digestion studies

  • Formation of reactive aldehydes (MDA, HHE, HNE) during the digestion of Cod Liver Oil : comparison of human and porcine in vitro digestion models
    'Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)', 2016
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia, Larsson Karin, Carlsson Nils-gunnar, Comi Irene, Scheers Nathalie, Vegarud Gerd, Undeland Ingrid
    Abstract:

    In this work, we investigated lipid oxidation of Cod Liver Oil during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion using two types of in vitro digestion models. In the first type of model, we used human GI juices, while we used digestive enzymes and bile from porcine origin in the second type of model. Human and porcine models were matched with respect to factors important for lipolysis, using a standardized digestion protocol. The digests were analysed for reactive oxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-hexenal (HHE) by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS), and for free fatty acids (FFA) obtained during the digestion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The formation of the oxidation products MDA, HHE, and HNE was low during the gastric digestion, however, it increased during the duodenal digestion. The formation of the oxidation products reached higher levels when digestive juices of human origin were used (60 μM of MDA, 9.8 μM of HHE, and 0.36 μM of HNE) [corrected] compared to when using enzymes and bile of porcine origin (0.96, and 1.6 μM of MDA; 0.16, and 0.23 μM of HHE; 0.026, [corrected] and 0.005 μM of HNE, respectively, in porcine models I and II). In all models, FFA release was only detected during the intestinal step, and reached up to 31% of total fatty acids (FA). The findings in this work may be of importance when designing oxidation oriented lipid digestion studies

  • Effect of in vitro digested Cod Liver Oil of different quality on oxidative, proteomic and inflammatory responses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
    'Wiley', 2016
    Co-Authors: Larsson Karin, Undeland Ingrid, Istenič Katja, Wulff Tune, Jónsdóttir Rósa, Kristinsson Hordur, Freysdottir Jona, Jamnik Polona
    Abstract:

    To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pageUpon oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish Oil, either before ingestion or, as recently shown, during the gastro-intestinal passage, a cascade of potentially cytotoxic peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, can form. In this study, we digested fresh and oxidised Cod Liver Oils in vitro, monitored the levels of lipid peroxidation products and evaluated oxidative, proteomic and inflammatory responses to the two types of digests in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.Digests of Cod Liver Oil with 22-53 µmol L(-1) malondialdehyde and 0.26-3.7 µmol L(-1) 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal increased intracellular oxidation and cell energy metabolic activity compared to a digested blank in yeast cells and the influence of digests on mitochondrial protein expression was more pronounced for oxidised Cod Liver Oil than fresh Cod Liver Oil. The four differentially expressed and identified proteins were related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress response. Maturation of dendritic cells was affected in the presence of digested fresh Cod Liver Oil compared to the digested blank, measured as lower CD86 expression. The ratio of secreted cytokines, IL-12p40/IL-10, suggested a pro-inflammatory effect of the digested Oils in relation to the blank (1.47-1.67 vs. 1.07).Gastro-intestinal digestion of Cod Liver Oil increases the amount of oxidation products and resulting digests affect oxidation in yeast and immunomodulation of dendritic cells.FORMAS (The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning) 222-2007-1007 Nordic Innovation Centre (SAFE-FOODERA) 08202 MHEST (Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Slovenia) 3211-09-000079 Icelandic Research Fund Foundation Olle Engkvist, Byggmastar

Tullberg Cecilia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Oxidation of marine Oils during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion with human digestive fluids – Role of Oil origin, added tocopherols and lipolytic activity
    'Elsevier BV', 2019
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia, Vegarud G. E., Undeland Ingrid
    Abstract:

    The formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) in Cod Liver-, anchovy-, krill-, and algae Oil during in vitro digestion with human gastrointestinal fluids was investigated. Adding rabbit gastric lipase, lipase inhibitor (orlistat) and tocopherols to Cod Liver Oil, lipolysis and oxidation was also studied. Among the marine Oils, the highest aldehyde levels (18 \ub5M MDA, 3 \ub5M HHE and 0.2 \ub5M HNE) were detected after digestion of Cod Liver Oil, while the lowest levels were detected in krill and algae Oils. Addition of rabbit gastric lipase significantly increased the release of HNE during the digestion. Orlistat significantly reduced lipolysis and MDA formation. Formation of MDA and HHE was delayed by tocopherols, the tocopherol mix Covi-ox\uae T 70 EU being more effective than pure α-tocopherol

  • Oxidation of marine Oils during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion with human digestive fluids - Role of Oil origin, added tocopherols and lipolytic activity.
    'Elsevier BV', 2019
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia, Vegarud, Gerd Elisabeth, Undeland Ingrid
    Abstract:

    The formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) in Cod Liver-, anchovy-, krill-, and algae Oil during in vitro digestion with human gastrointestinal fluids was investigated. Adding rabbit gastric lipase, lipase inhibitor (orlistat) and tocopherols to Cod Liver Oil, lipolysis and oxidation was also studied. Among the marine Oils, the highest aldehyde levels (18 µM MDA, 3 µM HHE and 0.2 µM HNE) were detected after digestion of Cod Liver Oil, while the lowest levels were detected in krill and algae Oils. Addition of rabbit gastric lipase significantly increased the release of HNE during the digestion. Orlistat significantly reduced lipolysis and MDA formation. Formation of MDA and HHE was delayed by tocopherols, the tocopherol mix Covi-ox® T 70 EU being more effective than pure α-tocopherol.publishedVersio

  • Oxidation of marine Oils during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and its effects on stress in human intestinal Caco-2 cells
    2017
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia
    Abstract:

    Marine Oils are attracting public interest due to the preventive effects, e.g., on inflammation, which are linked to the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs). However, LC n-3 PUFAs are highly susceptible to oxidation, which could interfere with their positive effects. It has been shown in vitro that marine lipids not only oxidize during storage, but also during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Little is so far known about the marine lipid oxidation reaction under human GI conditions. In this work, oxidation of marine Oils during in vitro GI digestion was investigated targeting the highly reactive lipid oxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-trans-2-hexenal (HHE), and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE); all three with documented carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. Variables studied during the digestions were; source of the GI-fluids (porcine/human), presence of additional gastric lipase (from rabbit) or addition of a lipase inhibitor, type of in vitro model (static/dynamic),physical status (bulk/emulsified), oxidation status and origin of the marine Oil, as well as additions of food-derived pro- and antioxidants. Furthermore, effects from marine Oil digests related to intestinal cell stress were studied. Aldehyde levels increased over time in the intestinal phase during digestion of Cod Liver Oil, in a static in vitro digestion model with human digestive fluids (HDF) or simulated digestive fluids (SDF, i.e., electrolyte solution with enzymes and bile of porcine origin). The highest aldehyde levels were reached during the intestinal phase (t=210 min) using HDF (60 \ub5M of MDA, 0.96 \ub5M of HHE, and 1.6 \ub5M of HNE). In the static model with HDF, lipolysis was found to correlate positively to lipid oxidation, as shown when adding rabbit gastric lipase or orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, to Cod Liver Oil. Aldehydes also increased during digestion of Cod Liver Oil in a dynamic digestion model (tiny-TIM) with SDF. Cod Liver Oil having a higher degree of oxidation at start of the digestion reached higher levels of aldehydes during GI conditions compared to non-oxidized Oils. Pre-emulsification of Cod Liver Oil was slightly protective in the gastric phase, but had a pro-oxidative effect during the intestinal phase. Addition of fish hemoglobin (Hb) as a pro-oxidant to emulsified Cod Liver Oil strongly promoted aldehyde formation, while the metal chelator EDTA had a protective effect during gastric digestion. Industrially relevant levels of tocopherols (α-tocopherol, and Covi-ox\uae T 70 EU; 4.5 mg/g Oil) were protective to Cod Liver Oil oxidation in the static in vitro digestion model with HDF. In the same model, detected aldehyde levels in intestinal digests from four different marine Oils were ranked as: Cod Liver Oil ~ whole fish Oil >> krill Oil ~microalgae Oil.\ua0 To study cellular effects of GI oxidation, a cultured human intestinal epithelium (Caco-2 cell line) was treated with Cod Liver-, fish-, and algae Oil digests, and corresponding levels of pure MDA and HHE (0-90 \ub5M). Cell viability was not affected by the digests, nor their levels of MDA and HHE. Stress-related proteins were not found to increase upon exposure to digests or aldehydes, rather the opposite. To summarize, MDA, HHE, HNE were formed during in vitro GI digestion of marine Oils in all the models tested; absolute levels were, however, affected by pre-treatment of the Oils, and were higher with HDF than SDF. Although bulk Oils digested without added pro- or antioxidants did not induce a stress response in the Caco-2 cells, studies in humans are needed to be able to say if the absence of stress effects from aldehydes or other oxidation products can be translated to in vivo conditions

  • Formation of reactive aldehydes (MDA, HHE, HNE) during the digestion of Cod Liver Oil: comparison of human and porcine in vitro digestion models
    2016
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia, Larsson Karin, Carlsson Nils-gunnar, Comi Irene, Scheers Nathalie, Vegarud Gerd, Undeland Ingrid
    Abstract:

    In this work, we investigated lipid oxidation of Cod Liver Oil during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion using two types of in vitro digestion models. In the first type of model, we used human GI juices, while we used digestive enzymes and bile from porcine origin in the second type of model. Human and porcine models were matched with respect to factors important for lipolysis, using a standardized digestion protocol. The digests were analysed for reactive oxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-hexenal (HHE) by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS), and for free fatty acids (FFA) obtained during the digestion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The formation of the oxidation products MDA, HHE, and HNE was low during the gastric digestion, however, it increased during the duodenal digestion. The formation of the oxidation products reached higher levels when digestive juices of human origin were used (60 μM of MDA, 0.96 μM of HHE, and 1.6 μM of HNE) compared to when using enzymes and bile of porcine origin (9.8, and 0.36 μM of MDA; 0.16, and 0.026 μM of HHE; 0.23, and 0.005 μM of HNE, respectively, in porcine models I and II). In all models, FFA release was only detected during the intestinal step, and reached up to 31% of total fatty acids (FA). The findings in this work may be of importance when designing oxidation oriented lipid digestion studies

  • Formation of reactive aldehydes (MDA, HHE, HNE) during the digestion of Cod Liver Oil : comparison of human and porcine in vitro digestion models
    'Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)', 2016
    Co-Authors: Tullberg Cecilia, Larsson Karin, Carlsson Nils-gunnar, Comi Irene, Scheers Nathalie, Vegarud Gerd, Undeland Ingrid
    Abstract:

    In this work, we investigated lipid oxidation of Cod Liver Oil during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion using two types of in vitro digestion models. In the first type of model, we used human GI juices, while we used digestive enzymes and bile from porcine origin in the second type of model. Human and porcine models were matched with respect to factors important for lipolysis, using a standardized digestion protocol. The digests were analysed for reactive oxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-hexenal (HHE) by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS), and for free fatty acids (FFA) obtained during the digestion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The formation of the oxidation products MDA, HHE, and HNE was low during the gastric digestion, however, it increased during the duodenal digestion. The formation of the oxidation products reached higher levels when digestive juices of human origin were used (60 μM of MDA, 9.8 μM of HHE, and 0.36 μM of HNE) [corrected] compared to when using enzymes and bile of porcine origin (0.96, and 1.6 μM of MDA; 0.16, and 0.23 μM of HHE; 0.026, [corrected] and 0.005 μM of HNE, respectively, in porcine models I and II). In all models, FFA release was only detected during the intestinal step, and reached up to 31% of total fatty acids (FA). The findings in this work may be of importance when designing oxidation oriented lipid digestion studies

Tianhu Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • enrichment of omega 3 fatty acids in Cod Liver Oil via alternate solvent winterization and enzymatic interesterification
    Food Chemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sai Ba, Hao Zhang, Tianhu Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in Cod Liver Oil via alternate operation of solvent winterization and enzymatic interesterification was attempted. Variables including separation method, solvent, Oil concentration, time and temperature were optimized for the winterization. Meanwhile, Novozyme 435, Lipozyme RM IM and Lipozyme TL IM were screened for interesterification efficiency under different system air condition, time and temperature. In optimized method, alternate winterization (0.1 g/mL Oil/acetone, 24 h, −80 °C, precooled Buchner filtration) and interesterification (Lipozyme TL IM, N 2 flow, 2.5 h, 40 °C) successfully doubled the omega-3 fatty acid content to 43.20 mol%. 1 H NMR was used to determine omega-3 fatty acid content, and GC–MS to characterize Oil product, which mainly contained DHA (15.81 mol%) and EPA (20.23 mol%). The proposed method offers considerable efficiency and reduce production cost drastically. Oil produced thereof is with high quality and of particular importance for the development of omega-3 based active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Torkjel M Sandanger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • change in plasma levels of vitamin d after consumption of Cod Liver and fresh Cod Liver Oil as part of the traditional north norwegian fish dish molje
    International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Magritt Brustad, Torkjel M Sandanger, Tom Wilsgaard, Lage Aksnes, Eiliv Lund
    Abstract:

    Objective. To assess changes in plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations after ingestion of «Molje», a traditional north Norwegian fish dish rich in vitamin D. Methods. Thirty-three volunteers all living in the city of Tromso, located in northern Norway (latitude 69°), were served a “Molje“ meal consisting of Cod, hard roe, Cod Liver, and fresh Cod-Liver Oil. The amounts of Liver, and Cod-Liver Oil consumed were weighed and recorded. Blood samples were collected before the meal, and at 4 hours, 12 hours and 5 days after it. The Cod Liver and Cod-Liver Oil were analysed for vitamin D content and the plasma samples for the metabolite 25(OH)D. Trends in plasma 25(OH)D levels during the five-day observation period were analysed. The study was conducted at the beginning of April of 2000. Results. Among the 33 participating subjects, 69.7% had baseline plasma 25(OH)D concentrations below 50 nmol/l and for one-quarter of the subjects, they were < 37.5 nmol/l. The participants who acknowledged taking Cod-Liver Oil supplements had significantly higher aseline 25(OH)D plasma levels at the outset of the study compared to those reporting not doing so (p=0.02). Changes in plasma 25(OH)D levels relative to baseline concentrations were significantly associated with the body mass index (p<0.01). Conclusion. Vitamin D status in populations living in circumpolar areas needs more research to investigate to what degree people living in the Arctic areas are at increased risk for vitamin D insufficiency and to determine the role of the traditional diet in preventing such deficiency. (Int J Circumpolar Health 2003; 62(1):40-53) Keywords: 25-hydroxy vitamin D, arctic diet, Cod Liver, Cod-Liver Oil, traditional diet

  • change in levels of persistent organic pollutants in human plasma after consumption of a traditional northern norwegian fish dish molje Cod Cod Liver Cod Liver Oil and hard roe
    Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2003
    Co-Authors: Magritt Brustad, Torkjel M Sandanger, Eiliv Lund, Ivan C Burkow
    Abstract:

    The traditional northern Norwegian fish dish “molje”, consisting of bOiled Cod, Cod Liver, Cod Liver Oil and hard roe, is still consumed frequently during the winter months January to March. The Liver of the Cod is rich in lipids and the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are relatively high. To better understand the short-term consequences of this traditional meal on the plasma levels of PCBs and p,p′-DDE, individual intake of Liver and Cod Liver Oil during one meal was measured. Blood samples were collected from 33 participants before the meal, and then 4 h, 12 h and 5 days after it. Lipid-weight and wet-weight levels of 10 PCB congeners and p,p′-DDE were determined in the plasma samples and the food. The plasma levels of p,p′-DDE was found to increase significantly from 0 to 4 h, both when expressed as wet-weight (35% change) and lipid-weight (20% change). The corresponding changes (0–4 h) in wet-weight levels of the most prevalent PCB congeners were non significant. By contrast, PCB congeners with low levels in the food showed a significant drop in lipid-weight levels during the first 4 h. The observed changes were independent of amount consumed. Significant differences in fasting and non-fasting samples were found for most PCBs and p,p′-DDE. For the lipid weight levels of sum PCBs there was a significant decrease of 16% from non-fasting to fasting samples. To obtain reliable data on human levels of POPs it is, on the basis of these findings, recommended that blood samples should be collected from fasting individuals and both wet-weight and lipid-weight levels should be reported.

Ibrahim Elmadfa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.