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Steven M Southwick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive behavioral Coping strategies associated with combat related ptsd in treatment seeking oef oif veterans
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Ilan Harpazrotem, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with intrusive trauma-related thoughts and avoidance behaviors that contribute to its severity and chronicity. This study examined thought control and avoidance Coping strategies associated with both a probable diagnosis and symptom severity of combat-related PTSD in a sample of 167 treatment-seeking Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF-OIF) Veterans. Within one year of returning from deployment, Veterans completed a survey containing measures of combat exposure, Coping strategies, psychopathology, and postdeployment social support. Veterans with a positive screen for PTSD scored higher than Veterans without a positive screen for PTSD on measures of worry, self-punishment, social control, behavioral distraction, and avoidance Coping strategies. Worry and social avoidance Coping were positively related to PTSD symptoms, and greater perceptions of understanding from others were negatively related to these symptoms. A structural equation model revealed that scores on a measure of postdeployment social support were negatively associated with scores on measures of maladaptive Cognitive Coping (i.e., worry, self-punishment) and avoidance Coping (social and non-social avoidance Coping) strategies, which were positively associated with combat-related PTSD symptoms. These results suggest that maladaptive thought control and avoidance Coping may partially mediate the relation between postdeployment social support and combat-related PTSD symptoms in treatment-seeking OEF-OIF Veterans. Consistent with Cognitive therapy models, these findings suggest that interventions that target maladaptive Coping strategies such as worry, self-punishment, and social avoidance, and that bolster social support, most notably understanding from others, may help reduce combat-related PTSD symptoms in this population.
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suicidal ideation in treatment seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom the role of Coping strategies resilience and social support
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Amanda R Russo, Qi Ling, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract Background Recent epidemiologic studies have found an increased risk of suicide among Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF) with psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about whether variables other than psychiatric conditions, such as Coping strategies, resilience, and social support, may be related to suicidality in this population. Methods A total of 167 OEF–OIF Veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a survey containing measures of combat exposure, psychopathology, pain, psychological resilience, social support, and Cognitive Coping strategies. Results Thirty-six respondents (21.6%) reported contemplating suicide in the two weeks prior to completing the survey. Compared to suicide non-contemplators, suicide contemplators were older, and more likely to screen positive for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to report a deployment-related pain condition or complaint. They also scored higher on measures of worry, self-punishment, and Cognitive–behavioral avoidance strategies, and lower on measures of psychological resilience and postdeployment social support. Multivariate analysis revealed that a positive depression screen, and higher scores on measures of self-punishment and Cognitive–social avoidance Coping were positively associated with suicidal ideation, while higher scores on measures of psychological resilience (i.e., positive acceptance of change) were negatively related to suicidal ideation. Moderator analysis revealed that a positive screen for depression or PTSD significantly diminished the protective effect of postdeployment social support on suicidal ideation. Conclusions 1 in 5 treatment-seeking OEF–OIF Veterans may contemplate suicide. Interventions to reduce depressive symptoms, and maladaptive Cognitive–behavioral Coping strategies of self-punishment and Cognitive social avoidance, and to bolster psychological resilience may help mitigate suicidality in this population.
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sleep quality in treatment seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom the role of Cognitive Coping strategies and unit cohesion
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2010Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Charles A Morgan, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract Objective Sleep difficulties are common in individuals exposed to stress or trauma, and maladaptive Cognitive Coping strategies, such as worry and fear of losing vigilance, as well as low social support, may further impair sleep quality. This study examined the severity and correlates of sleep difficulties in a sample of treatment-seeking veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF). Method A total of 167 OEF–OIF veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a questionnaire containing measures of sleep quality, combat exposure, psychopathology, fear of loss of vigilance, Cognitive Coping strategies, and unit and postdeployment social support within 1 year of returning from deployment. Results Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory scores in the full sample were indicative of severely impaired sleep. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with increased sleep difficulties, most notably sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and sleep quality. Hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample revealed that PTSD symptoms and scores on measures of worry and fear of loss of vigilance were positively associated with sleep difficulties and that scores on a measure of unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Among veterans with PTSD, fear of loss of vigilance was positively associated with sleep difficulties and Cognitive distraction and unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Conclusions Treatment-seeking OEF–OIF veterans report severe sleep difficulties, with more pronounced impairment in veterans with PTSD. The results of this study suggest that interventions to mitigate worry and fear of loss of vigilance and to enhance perceived unit member support may be helpful in reducing sleep difficulties following return from deployment in this population.
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sleep quality in treatment seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom the role of Cognitive Coping strategies and unit cohesion
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2010Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Charles A Morgan, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract Objective Sleep difficulties are common in individuals exposed to stress or trauma, and maladaptive Cognitive Coping strategies, such as worry and fear of losing vigilance, as well as low social support, may further impair sleep quality. This study examined the severity and correlates of sleep difficulties in a sample of treatment-seeking veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF). Method A total of 167 OEF–OIF veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a questionnaire containing measures of sleep quality, combat exposure, psychopathology, fear of loss of vigilance, Cognitive Coping strategies, and unit and postdeployment social support within 1 year of returning from deployment. Results Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory scores in the full sample were indicative of severely impaired sleep. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with increased sleep difficulties, most notably sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and sleep quality. Hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample revealed that PTSD symptoms and scores on measures of worry and fear of loss of vigilance were positively associated with sleep difficulties and that scores on a measure of unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Among veterans with PTSD, fear of loss of vigilance was positively associated with sleep difficulties and Cognitive distraction and unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Conclusions Treatment-seeking OEF–OIF veterans report severe sleep difficulties, with more pronounced impairment in veterans with PTSD. The results of this study suggest that interventions to mitigate worry and fear of loss of vigilance and to enhance perceived unit member support may be helpful in reducing sleep difficulties following return from deployment in this population.
Robert H Pietrzak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive behavioral Coping strategies associated with combat related ptsd in treatment seeking oef oif veterans
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Ilan Harpazrotem, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with intrusive trauma-related thoughts and avoidance behaviors that contribute to its severity and chronicity. This study examined thought control and avoidance Coping strategies associated with both a probable diagnosis and symptom severity of combat-related PTSD in a sample of 167 treatment-seeking Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF-OIF) Veterans. Within one year of returning from deployment, Veterans completed a survey containing measures of combat exposure, Coping strategies, psychopathology, and postdeployment social support. Veterans with a positive screen for PTSD scored higher than Veterans without a positive screen for PTSD on measures of worry, self-punishment, social control, behavioral distraction, and avoidance Coping strategies. Worry and social avoidance Coping were positively related to PTSD symptoms, and greater perceptions of understanding from others were negatively related to these symptoms. A structural equation model revealed that scores on a measure of postdeployment social support were negatively associated with scores on measures of maladaptive Cognitive Coping (i.e., worry, self-punishment) and avoidance Coping (social and non-social avoidance Coping) strategies, which were positively associated with combat-related PTSD symptoms. These results suggest that maladaptive thought control and avoidance Coping may partially mediate the relation between postdeployment social support and combat-related PTSD symptoms in treatment-seeking OEF-OIF Veterans. Consistent with Cognitive therapy models, these findings suggest that interventions that target maladaptive Coping strategies such as worry, self-punishment, and social avoidance, and that bolster social support, most notably understanding from others, may help reduce combat-related PTSD symptoms in this population.
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suicidal ideation in treatment seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom the role of Coping strategies resilience and social support
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2011Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Amanda R Russo, Qi Ling, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract Background Recent epidemiologic studies have found an increased risk of suicide among Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF) with psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about whether variables other than psychiatric conditions, such as Coping strategies, resilience, and social support, may be related to suicidality in this population. Methods A total of 167 OEF–OIF Veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a survey containing measures of combat exposure, psychopathology, pain, psychological resilience, social support, and Cognitive Coping strategies. Results Thirty-six respondents (21.6%) reported contemplating suicide in the two weeks prior to completing the survey. Compared to suicide non-contemplators, suicide contemplators were older, and more likely to screen positive for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to report a deployment-related pain condition or complaint. They also scored higher on measures of worry, self-punishment, and Cognitive–behavioral avoidance strategies, and lower on measures of psychological resilience and postdeployment social support. Multivariate analysis revealed that a positive depression screen, and higher scores on measures of self-punishment and Cognitive–social avoidance Coping were positively associated with suicidal ideation, while higher scores on measures of psychological resilience (i.e., positive acceptance of change) were negatively related to suicidal ideation. Moderator analysis revealed that a positive screen for depression or PTSD significantly diminished the protective effect of postdeployment social support on suicidal ideation. Conclusions 1 in 5 treatment-seeking OEF–OIF Veterans may contemplate suicide. Interventions to reduce depressive symptoms, and maladaptive Cognitive–behavioral Coping strategies of self-punishment and Cognitive social avoidance, and to bolster psychological resilience may help mitigate suicidality in this population.
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sleep quality in treatment seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom the role of Cognitive Coping strategies and unit cohesion
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2010Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Charles A Morgan, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract Objective Sleep difficulties are common in individuals exposed to stress or trauma, and maladaptive Cognitive Coping strategies, such as worry and fear of losing vigilance, as well as low social support, may further impair sleep quality. This study examined the severity and correlates of sleep difficulties in a sample of treatment-seeking veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF). Method A total of 167 OEF–OIF veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a questionnaire containing measures of sleep quality, combat exposure, psychopathology, fear of loss of vigilance, Cognitive Coping strategies, and unit and postdeployment social support within 1 year of returning from deployment. Results Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory scores in the full sample were indicative of severely impaired sleep. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with increased sleep difficulties, most notably sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and sleep quality. Hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample revealed that PTSD symptoms and scores on measures of worry and fear of loss of vigilance were positively associated with sleep difficulties and that scores on a measure of unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Among veterans with PTSD, fear of loss of vigilance was positively associated with sleep difficulties and Cognitive distraction and unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Conclusions Treatment-seeking OEF–OIF veterans report severe sleep difficulties, with more pronounced impairment in veterans with PTSD. The results of this study suggest that interventions to mitigate worry and fear of loss of vigilance and to enhance perceived unit member support may be helpful in reducing sleep difficulties following return from deployment in this population.
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sleep quality in treatment seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and iraqi freedom the role of Cognitive Coping strategies and unit cohesion
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2010Co-Authors: Robert H Pietrzak, Charles A Morgan, Steven M SouthwickAbstract:Abstract Objective Sleep difficulties are common in individuals exposed to stress or trauma, and maladaptive Cognitive Coping strategies, such as worry and fear of losing vigilance, as well as low social support, may further impair sleep quality. This study examined the severity and correlates of sleep difficulties in a sample of treatment-seeking veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF). Method A total of 167 OEF–OIF veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a questionnaire containing measures of sleep quality, combat exposure, psychopathology, fear of loss of vigilance, Cognitive Coping strategies, and unit and postdeployment social support within 1 year of returning from deployment. Results Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory scores in the full sample were indicative of severely impaired sleep. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with increased sleep difficulties, most notably sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and sleep quality. Hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample revealed that PTSD symptoms and scores on measures of worry and fear of loss of vigilance were positively associated with sleep difficulties and that scores on a measure of unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Among veterans with PTSD, fear of loss of vigilance was positively associated with sleep difficulties and Cognitive distraction and unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Conclusions Treatment-seeking OEF–OIF veterans report severe sleep difficulties, with more pronounced impairment in veterans with PTSD. The results of this study suggest that interventions to mitigate worry and fear of loss of vigilance and to enhance perceived unit member support may be helpful in reducing sleep difficulties following return from deployment in this population.
Nadia Garnefski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bully victimization and emotional problems in adolescents moderation by specific Cognitive Coping strategies
Journal of Adolescence, 2014Co-Authors: Nadia Garnefski, Vivian KraaijAbstract:Abstract Objective Relationships between bully victimization and symptoms of depression/anxiety were examined. In addition, it was studied whether this relationship was moderated by specific Cognitive Coping strategies. Methods Participants were 582 secondary school students who filled out online self-report questionnaires on bully victimization, Cognitive Coping, and depression/anxiety. (Moderated) Multiple Regression analysis was performed. Results Strong relationships were found between bully victimization and symptoms of depression and anxiety. On top of that, two Cognitive Coping strategies moderated the relationship between bullying and depression, i.e. rumination (strengthening) and positive refocusing (reducing). Cognitive Coping strategies that moderated the effect of bullying on anxiety symptoms were rumination, catastrophizing (strengthening) and positive reappraisal (reducing). Conclusion The results provide possible targets for intervention: when helping adolescents who have been bullied, maladaptive Cognitive Coping strategies could be assessed and challenged, while more adaptive strategies could be acquired.
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Cognitive Coping in anxiety disordered adolescents
Journal of Adolescence, 2011Co-Authors: Jeroen S Legerstee, Nadia Garnefski, Frank C Verhulst, Elisabeth M W J UtensAbstract:The present study investigated differences in Cognitive Coping strategies between anxiety-disordered and non-anxious adolescents. In addition, the interaction effect with gender as well as differences between specific anxiety diagnoses was examined. A clinical sample of 159 anxiety-disordered adolescents and a general community sample of 370 non-anxious adolescents were recruited. Nine Cognitive Coping strategies were assessed in all adolescents (aged 12-16 years). Results showed that anxiety-disordered adolescents had significantly higher scores on most of the Cognitive Coping strategies than non-anxious adolescents. The Cognitive Coping strategies rumination, self-blame and catastrophizing accounted for most of the variance. Gender did not modify the results. Further analyses within the anxiety-disordered sample indicated that adolescents with a generalized anxiety disorder scored significantly higher on rumination, but not on other Cognitive Coping strategies, than social phobic adolescents. The results suggest that Cognitive Coping is a valuable target for psychological assessment and treatment in adolescents.
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Cognitive Coping and childhood anxiety disorders
European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Jeroen S Legerstee, Nadia Garnefski, Frank C Verhulst, Francine C. Jellesma, Elisabeth M W J UtensAbstract:To investigate differences in Cognitive Coping strategies between anxiety-disordered and non-anxious 9–11-year-old children. Additionally, differences in Cognitive Coping between specific anxiety disorders were examined. A clinical sample of 131 anxiety-disordered children and a general population sample of 452 non-anxious children were gathered. All children filled out the child version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-k). Structured clinical interviews were used to assess childhood anxiety disorders. Results showed that anxiety-disordered children experience significantly more ‘lifetime' negative life events than non-anxious children. Adjusted for the ‘lifetime' experience of negative life events, anxiety-disordered children scored significantly higher on the strategies catastrophizing and rumination, and significantly lower on the strategies positive reappraisal and refocus on planning than non-anxious children. No significant differences in Cognitive Coping were found between children with specific anxiety disorders. Anxiety-disordered children employ significantly more maladaptive and less adaptive Cognitive Coping strategies in response to negative life events than non-anxious children. The results suggest that Cognitive Coping is a valuable target for prevention and treatment of childhood anxiety problems.
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Cognitive Coping and goal adjustment after first time myocardial infarction relationships with symptoms of depression
Behavioral Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Nadia Garnefski, Vivian Kraaij, Maya J Schroevers, J Aarnink, D J Van Der Heijden, S M Van Es, M Van Herpen, G A SomsenAbstract:The authors studied the relationships among Cognitive Coping strategies, goal adjustment processes (disengagement and reengagement), and depressive symptomatology in a sample of 139 patients who had experienced a first-time acute myocardial infarction between 3 and 12 months before data assessment. They assessed Cognitive Coping strategies, goal adjustment, and depressive symptoms by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Goal Obstruction Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively. Main statistical methods were Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses. Results show significant associations among the Cognitive Coping strategies of rumination, catastrophizing, and higher depressive symptoms, as well as among positive refocusing, goal reengagement, and lower depressive symptoms. This suggests that Cognitive Coping and goal reengagement strategies may be useful targets for intervention.
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Post-Traumatic Growth After a Myocardial Infarction: A Matter of Personality, Psychological Health, or Cognitive Coping?
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 2008Co-Authors: Nadia Garnefski, Vivian Kraaij, Maya J Schroevers, G A SomsenAbstract:The aim of the present study was to focus on the relative contributions of personality, psychological health and Cognitive Coping to post-traumatic growth in patients with recent myocardial infarction (MI). The sample consisted of 139 patients who had experienced a first-time acute MI between 3 and 12 months before data assessment. Multivariate relationships were tested by means of Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that besides the contribution of personality and psychological health, a significant amount of variance in growth was explained by the Cognitive Coping strategies people used to handle their MI. As Cognitive Coping strategies are generally assumed to be mechanisms that are subject to potential influence and change, this provides us with important targets for intervention.
Neil Schneiderman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reductions in depressed mood and denial Coping during Cognitive behavioral stress management with hiv positive gay men treated with haart
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Adam W Carrico, Frank Penedo, Michael H Antoni, Gail Ironson, Ron E Duran, Mary A Fletcher, Nancy G Klimas, Neil SchneidermanAbstract:Background: Stress management interventions for HIV-positive persons have been designed to enhance Coping skills and encourage health-promoting behaviors with the hope of decreasing distress and slowing disease progression.Purpose: We examined the efficacy of a Cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention in combination with medication adherence training (MAT) in 130 gay and bisexual men living with HIV infection.Methods: Participants were randomized to either a 10-week CBSM+MAT intervention (n = 76) or a MAT-only condition (n = 54). Measures of self-reported adherence, active Cognitive Coping (i.e., acceptance and positive reinterpretation), avoidant Coping (i.e., denial and behavioral disengagement), and depressed mood were examined over the 10-week intervention period.Results: Men in CBSM+MAT reported reductions in depressed mood and denial Coping during the 10-week intervention period, but no changes in active Cognitive Coping or self-reported adherence were observed. Using path analysis, greater reliance on denial Coping at baseline was associated with decreased depressed mood at 10 weeks. We also determined that CBSM+MAT may decrease depressed mood by reducing reliance on denial Coping over the 10-week intervention period.Conclusions: Although denial may be an effective means of distress reduction in the short term, reliance on this Coping strategy may result in a decreased capacity to effectively manage a variety of disease-related stressors in the long term. CBSM+MAT addresses this potentially detrimental pattern by teaching stress reduction skills that may decrease depressed mood via reduced reliance on denial Coping.
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Changes in mood and depressive symptoms and related change processes during Cognitive-behavioral stress management in HIV-infected men
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2002Co-Authors: Stacy Cruess, Mary Ann Fletcher, Adele Hayes, Frank Penedo, Susan K. Lutgendorf, Michael H Antoni, Gail Ironson, Neil SchneidermanAbstract:This study examined the effects of a Cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention vs. a no-treatment control group in 100 HIV-infected gay men. CBSM participants showed significant decreases in mood disturbance and depressive symptoms as well as changes in Coping, perceptions of social support, self-efficacy, and dysfunctional attitudes. Stepwise regression analyses were conducted to determine which of these changes were most important for reductions in mood disturbance and depressive symptoms. Although increases in self-efficacy emerged as a significant predictor of reduction in both mood disturbance and depressive symptoms, improvements in behavioral Coping strategies were most closely tied to lowered overall mood disturbance whereas improvements in Cognitive Coping strategies and reduction in dysfunctional attitudes were more closely associated with decreases in depressive symptoms. These results support the use of multimodal CBSM interventions for HIV-infected men as a way to modify many different types of processes independently associated with different indicators of psychological adjustment.
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Changes in Cognitive Coping skills and social support during Cognitive behavioral stress management intervention and distress outcomes in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive gay men.
Psychosomatic medicine, 1998Co-Authors: Susan K. Lutgendorf, Nancy Klimas, N Costello, Mary Ann Fletcher, Michael H Antoni, Gail Ironson, Miron Zuckerman, Kathryn Starr, Neil SchneidermanAbstract:OBJECTIVE: We have previously reported decreases in dysphoria, anxiety, and total mood disturbance in symptomatic HIV seropositive gay men after a 10-week Cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) group intervention. This structured intervention was designed a) to increase Cognitive and behavioral Coping skills related to managing the distress of symptomatic HIV, and b) to increase social support among group members. Here we examine the relative contribution of changes in Coping skills and social support during the intervention period to reductions in dysphoria, anxiety, and distress-related symptoms in this sample.\n\nMETHODS: Participants were randomized to a 10-week CBSM group intervention or to a wait-list control condition. Coping, social supports, and mood were measured before and after the intervention period.\n\nRESULTS: Members of the CBSM group (N = 22) showed significant improvement in Cognitive Coping strategies involving positive reframing and acceptance, and in social supports involving attachment, alliances, and guidance at the end of the 10-week CBSM program compared with controls (N = 18) who showed decrements in these Coping abilities and no changes in social support. Improved Cognitive Coping, specifically acceptance of the HIV infection, was strongly related to lower dysphoria, anxiety, and total mood disturbance in both conditions. Changes in social support and in Cognitive Coping skills seem to mediate the effects of the experimental condition on the changes in distress noted during the intervention.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Cognitive Coping and social support factors can be modified by psychosocial interventions and may be important determinants of the changes in psychological well-being and quality of life during symptomatic HIV infection that can be achieved through this form of intervention.
Vivian Kraaij - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bully victimization and emotional problems in adolescents moderation by specific Cognitive Coping strategies
Journal of Adolescence, 2014Co-Authors: Nadia Garnefski, Vivian KraaijAbstract:Abstract Objective Relationships between bully victimization and symptoms of depression/anxiety were examined. In addition, it was studied whether this relationship was moderated by specific Cognitive Coping strategies. Methods Participants were 582 secondary school students who filled out online self-report questionnaires on bully victimization, Cognitive Coping, and depression/anxiety. (Moderated) Multiple Regression analysis was performed. Results Strong relationships were found between bully victimization and symptoms of depression and anxiety. On top of that, two Cognitive Coping strategies moderated the relationship between bullying and depression, i.e. rumination (strengthening) and positive refocusing (reducing). Cognitive Coping strategies that moderated the effect of bullying on anxiety symptoms were rumination, catastrophizing (strengthening) and positive reappraisal (reducing). Conclusion The results provide possible targets for intervention: when helping adolescents who have been bullied, maladaptive Cognitive Coping strategies could be assessed and challenged, while more adaptive strategies could be acquired.
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Cognitive Coping and goal adjustment after first time myocardial infarction relationships with symptoms of depression
Behavioral Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Nadia Garnefski, Vivian Kraaij, Maya J Schroevers, J Aarnink, D J Van Der Heijden, S M Van Es, M Van Herpen, G A SomsenAbstract:The authors studied the relationships among Cognitive Coping strategies, goal adjustment processes (disengagement and reengagement), and depressive symptomatology in a sample of 139 patients who had experienced a first-time acute myocardial infarction between 3 and 12 months before data assessment. They assessed Cognitive Coping strategies, goal adjustment, and depressive symptoms by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Goal Obstruction Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively. Main statistical methods were Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses. Results show significant associations among the Cognitive Coping strategies of rumination, catastrophizing, and higher depressive symptoms, as well as among positive refocusing, goal reengagement, and lower depressive symptoms. This suggests that Cognitive Coping and goal reengagement strategies may be useful targets for intervention.
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Post-Traumatic Growth After a Myocardial Infarction: A Matter of Personality, Psychological Health, or Cognitive Coping?
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 2008Co-Authors: Nadia Garnefski, Vivian Kraaij, Maya J Schroevers, G A SomsenAbstract:The aim of the present study was to focus on the relative contributions of personality, psychological health and Cognitive Coping to post-traumatic growth in patients with recent myocardial infarction (MI). The sample consisted of 139 patients who had experienced a first-time acute MI between 3 and 12 months before data assessment. Multivariate relationships were tested by means of Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that besides the contribution of personality and psychological health, a significant amount of variance in growth was explained by the Cognitive Coping strategies people used to handle their MI. As Cognitive Coping strategies are generally assumed to be mechanisms that are subject to potential influence and change, this provides us with important targets for intervention.
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short communication Cognitive Coping goal self efficacy and personal growth in hiv infected men who have sex with men
2008Co-Authors: Vivian Kraaij, Nadia Garnefski, Maya J Schroevers, Robert Witlox, Stan MaesAbstract:Objective: The relationships between Cognitive Coping strategies, goal self-efficacy and personal growth were studied in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Methods: All members of a national organization for people living with HIV received a call for participation. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Goal Obstruction Questionnaire and the Personal Growth Scale were filled out at home by 104 HIV-infected men. Results: Thinking about joyful and pleasant issues instead of thinking about being HIV-positive, thinking about what steps to take and how to handle being HIV-positive, thoughts of attaching a positive meaning to being HIV-positive, thoughts of playing down the seriousness of being HIVpositive or emphasizing its relativity when compared to other events, thoughts of putting the blame of being HIV-positive on others (inversely) and the extent to which one considers oneself able to reengage in alternative meaningful goals were related to personal growth. Conclusion: The study showed that both Cognitive Coping strategies and goal self-efficacy were related to personal growth. The findings suggest that mainly positive ways to handle being HIV-infected are related to personal growth. Practice implications: These findings suggested that intervention programs for people with HIV should pay attention to Cognitive Coping strategies and goal self-efficacy. # 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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goal disturbance Cognitive Coping strategies and psychological adjustment to different types of stressful life event
Personality and Individual Differences, 2007Co-Authors: Maya J Schroevers, Vivian Kraaij, Nadia GarnefskiAbstract:The present study focused on: (1) differences in goal disturbance, Cognitive Coping strategies, and depressive symptoms across different types of stressful event; (2) the relationships among goal disturbance, Cognitive Coping strategies, and depressive symptoms; and (3) differences across events in the relationships between Cognitive Coping strategies and depressive symptoms. A sample of 132 college students filled in a written questionnaire. They were asked to indicate their most stressful event in the past 12 months. These events were categorised into four different types of event. Students were also asked to report the amount of goal disturbance and the use of Cognitive Coping strategies in response to this particular stressful event. In addition, depressive symptoms were measured. Results showed significant differences across events in the use of certain Cognitive Coping strategies. Regression analyses showed significant relationships between Cognitive Coping strategies and depressive symptoms. These relationships between Cognitive Coping strategies and depressive symptoms were rather consistent across the four types of event. Implications for developing interventions that help people to deal with stress and attain their personal goals are discussed.