The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kymberley K. Bennett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Self-Blame Attributions for Cancer Scale.
Oncology Nursing Forum, 2020Co-Authors: Kalon R. Eways, Kymberley K. Bennett, Jessica Hamilton, Kadie M Harry, Jacob M. Marszalek, Mary-joy O Marsh, Elizabeth J. WilsonAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To adapt the Cardiac Self-Blame Attributions Scale into the Self-Blame Attributions for Cancer Scale (SBAC) for use in patients with cancer and analyze its psychometric properties. SAMPLE A SETTING: 113 patients receiving radiation therapy at the University of Kansas Cancer Center. METHODS A VARIABLES: The SBAC and other self-report measures were administered during outpatient oncology appointments for radiation therapy to establish the psychometric properties of the SBAC. RESULTS: A two-factor structure represented behavioral and characterological Self-Blame attributions. Reliability estimates for each factor were excellent and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was found, indicating support for the SBAC as a valid and reliable measure of Self-Blame attributions in patients with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: The SBAC may help healthcare providers, including nursing staff, to identify the Self-Blame patterns exhibited by patients with cancer. Future research can assess the reliability and validity of SBAC across stages of treatment and establish the predictive validity of the scale in individuals with cancer.
-
Scale development and psychometric properties of the Cardiac Self-Blame Attributions scale in patients with cardiovascular disease
Health psychology open, 2018Co-Authors: Kadie M Harry, Kymberley K. Bennett, Jillian M.r. Clark, Kalon R. Eways, Jacob M. Marszalek, Andrew J. Smith, Marcia Waters, Dennis Bergland, Amanda Umhoefer, Elizabeth J. WilsonAbstract:Patients with cardiovascular disease may attribute their cardiovascular disease to their behaviors (behavioral Self-Blame) or to their dispositions (characterological Self-Blame). However, findings...
-
Self-Blame Attributions and Cardiac Symptom Experiences in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients: A Preliminary Study
North American Journal of Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Kadie M Harry, Kymberley K. Bennett, Alisha D. Howarter, Jillian M.r. Clark, Kalon R. EwaysAbstract:Identifying a potential cause, or creating an attribution, is a salient part of the adjustment process to serious diseases, especially when etiologic factors can be identified. In cardiovascular disease (CVD), a disease for which specific health behaviors such as diet, exercise, and smoking (Roger et al., 2011) have been linked to onset, patients readily search for a cause. Janoff-Bulman (1979) made a distinction between the tendency for some patients to attribute their illnesses to their own behaviors, referred to as behavioral Self-Blame, and the tendency for some patients to attribute their conditions to their dispositions, referred to as characterological Self-Blame. Research has been mixed about the health outcomes associated with each type of Self-Blame. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the associations between Self-Blame attributions, depressive symptoms, and cardiac symptom experiences (a health status outcome) among patients with CVD participating in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Causal Attributions and Adjustment Previous research has identified a relationship between causal attributions and adjustment to chronic illness (Christensen et al., 1999; Malcarne, Compas, Epping-Jordan, & Howell, 1995). Taylor (1983) outlined a theory of cognitive adaptation that describes the process of adjustment after a traumatic event as involving three themes: a search for meaning, an attempt to regain mastery, and self-enhancement. Taylor described how recently-diagnosed breast cancer patients engaged in a causal search to explain their diagnoses, which subsequently led to attempts to regain mastery and the restoration of self-esteem. Creating an attribution is a salient part of the adjustment process to serious diseases, especially when etiologic factors can be identified. In CVD, a disease for which specific health behaviors (Roger et al., 2011) have been linked to onset, patients readily search for a cause. For example, Bennett and Marte (2013) content analyzed CVD patients' attributions after enrollment in a CR program. Results showed that patients created at least one causal attribution (sometimes more), and that attributions fell into three main categories: behavioral ones that were controllable, biological ones that were uncontrollable, and stress-related causes. Distinguishing between controllable and uncontrollable attributions is one, among several, means of distinguishing them. Self-Blame Attributions and Adjustment Janoff-Bulman (1979) outlined how behavioral and characterological Self-Blame attributions may affect adjustment processes. Janoff-Bulman hypothesized that characterological Self-Blame is maladaptive for adjustment because blame is attributed to one's personality that is presumed to be non-modifiable. This type of internal attribution is similar to what is described in the reformulated learned helplessness model (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978), and is akin to what Heider (1958) suggested social actors create following an event. In contrast, Janoff-Bulman (1979) posited that behavioral Self-Blame is adaptive for adjustment because blame is attributed to modifiable factors, thereby increasing control appraisals. Enhancements in control appraisals are predicted to be the mechanism that links behavioral Self-Blame attributions to improved adjustment. It is noteworthy that Janoff-Bulman's predictions about the benefits of behavioral Self-Blame attributions rest on the presumption that behavior is controllable. In reality, it is likely that the controllability of any given behavior ranges along a continuum of high to low, and that cognitive and motivational processes affect where one views a behavior along that continuum. Despite Janoff-Bulman's (1979) predictions, behavioral and characterological Self-Blame have been associated with mostly negative adjustment outcomes in samples of patients diagnosed with various forms of cancer. For example, both characterological and behavioral Self-Blame have been associated with poor psychological functioning in women with breast cancer (Glinder & Compas, 1999). …
-
Self-Blame attributions, control appraisals and distress among cardiac rehabilitation patients.
Psychology & Health, 2012Co-Authors: Kymberley K. Bennett, Alisha D. Howarter, Jillian M.r. ClarkAbstract:This study examined associations between Self-Blame attributions, control appraisals and distress among cardiovascular disease patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme. Questionnaire data were collected from 129 patients at the beginning and end of CR. We found little evidence that characterological Self-Blame (CSB) affects distress symptoms, but behavioural Self-Blame at the beginning of CR was positively associated with distress symptoms concurrently, and 12 weeks later. Furthermore, diet- and exercise-focused Self-Blame was only modestly, positively related to control appraisals concurrently, while CSB was negatively associated with control. Prospectively, we found few significant associations between Self-Blame and control. Results imply that making any type of Self-Blame attribution during CR does not aid in adjustment or enhanced control appraisals. Our findings suggest that CR staff should encourage patients to recognise their control over reducing risk for recurrence, but ...
-
Self-Blame and Distress Among Women with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Kymberley K. Bennett, Bruce E. Compas, Ellen Burke Beckjord, Judith G. GlinderAbstract:This study examined relations between behavioral and characterological Self-Blame attributions for breast cancer and psychological distress in the year following a diagnosis. One hundred fifteen women with newly diagnosed breast cancer participated. First, we predicted that both forms of Self-Blame would be associated with distress shortly after diagnosis (i.e., at 4 months). Second, we predicted that only characterological Self-Blame would be related to distress at 7 and 12 months post-diagnosis because behavioral Self-Blame would enhance perceptions of control, thereby protecting against distress. Results supported the first hypothesis; both forms of Self-Blame were related to symptoms of anxiety and depression at 4 months post-diagnosis. Findings did not support the second hypothesis because both forms of selfblame continued to be related to distress at 7 and 12 months post-diagnosis. Furthermore, perceptions of control did not mediate the Self-Blame/distress relation. Implications for social cognitive processes in adaptation to breast cancer are discussed.
Jaana Juvonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
“Why Me?”: Characterological Self-Blame and Continued Victimization in the First Year of Middle School
2018Co-Authors: Hannah Schacter, Samantha J. White, Vickie Y. Chang, Jaana JuvonenAbstract:Objective: This study examines the role of characterological Self-Blame as a unique risk factor associated with other known risk factors (depression and its behavioral and social correlates) for continued victimization across the first year of middle school. Method: Relying on a large, ethnically diverse sample of 1698 young adolescents (Mage=11.57, SD=.39; 55% female), self-report assessments in the fall and spring included perceptions of victim status, depressive symptoms, friendships, aggression, and responses to a hypothetical victimization vignette assessing both appraisals (characterological Self-Blame) and behavioral reactions (helpless responding). Results: In addition to depression, characterological Self-Blame emerged as the most consistent unique risk factor for subsequent victimization. Mediation analysis suggested that the continuity of victimization between fall and spring could be partially explained by increases in characterological Self-Blame and depressive symptoms. Additionally, cross-lagged panel analyses indicated reciprocal relations between peer victimization and characterological Self-Blame, suggesting cyclical processes. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that attribution-retraining in the beginning of middle school might help prevent escalating risk for continued peer victimization.
-
The Effects of School-Level Victimization on Self-Blame: Evidence for Contextualized Social Cognitions
2018Co-Authors: Hannah Schacter, Jaana JuvonenAbstract:The current study examined school-level victimization as a moderator of associations between peer victimization and changes in two types of self-blaming attributions (characterological and behavioral) across the first year in middle school. These associations were tested in a large sample (N=5,991) of ethnically diverse adolescents from Fall to Spring of the sixth grade year across 26 schools. Consistent with hypotheses, the results of multilevel modeling indicate that victimized youth showed greater increases in characterological self-blaming attributions (e.g., ‘my fault and cannot change it’) in schools where victimization was less common. In contrast, victimization was associated with increases in behavioral Self-Blame (e.g., ‘I should have been more careful’) for bullied students in schools with relatively higher levels of victimization. Underscoring the psychological consequences of person-context mismatch, the results suggest that when schools manage to decrease bullying, the few who remain victimized need additional support to prevent more maladaptive forms of Self-Blame.
-
The Effects of School-Level Victimization on Self-Blame: Evidence for Contextualized Social Cognitions
Developmental Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Hannah Schacter, Jaana JuvonenAbstract:The current study examined school-level victimization as a moderator of associations between peer victimization and changes in 2 types of self-blaming attributions, characterological and behavioral, across the first year of middle school. These associations were tested in a large sample (N = 5,991) of ethnically diverse adolescents from fall to spring of the 6th-grade year across 26 schools. Consistent with hypotheses, the results of multilevel modeling indicated that victimized youth showed greater increases in characterological self-blaming attributions (e.g., "my fault and cannot change it") in schools where victimization was less common. In contrast, victimization was associated with increases in behavioral Self-Blame (e.g., "I should have been more careful") for bullied students in schools with relatively higher levels of victimization. Underscoring the psychological consequences of person-context mismatch, the results suggest that when schools manage to decrease bullying, the few who remain victimized need additional support to prevent more maladaptive forms of Self-Blame. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
-
“Why Me?”: Characterological Self-Blame and Continued Victimization in the First Year of Middle School
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Hannah Schacter, Samantha J. White, Vickie Y. Chang, Jaana JuvonenAbstract:This study examines the role of characterological Self-Blame as a unique risk factor associated with other known risk factors (depression and its behavioral and social correlates) for continued victimization across the 1st year of middle school. Relying on a large, ethnically diverse sample of 1,698 young adolescents (Mage = 11.57, SD = .39; 55% female), self-report assessments in the fall and spring included perceptions of victim status, depressive symptoms, friendships, aggression, and responses to a hypothetical victimization vignette assessing both appraisals (characterological Self-Blame) and behavioral reactions (helpless responding). In addition to depression, characterological Self-Blame emerged as the most consistent unique risk factor for subsequent victimization. Mediation analysis suggested that the continuity of victimization between fall and spring could be partially explained by increases in characterological Self-Blame and depressive symptoms. In addition, cross-lagged panel analyses indic...
Eric R. Dahlen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger
Personality and Individual Differences, 2005Co-Authors: Ryan C. Martin, Eric R. DahlenAbstract:Cognitive coping processes have long been implicated in the experience and expression of emotion. Recently, a new instrument, the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2001), was developed to measure nine different cognitive coping strategies people often use when faced with a negative event: Self-Blame, other blame, rumination, catastrophizing, acceptance, putting into perspective, positive refocus, refocus on planning, and positive reappraisal. Although there is substantial research exploring the relationships between these processes and depression, the research on other negative emotions is much sparser. This study addresses this limitation by exploring the relationships between the CERQ and depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Results supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the CERQ and demonstrated that, independent of respondent gender, Self-Blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and positive reappraisal were among the most valuable predictors of negative emotions. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Junqi Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
intumescent flame retardant and self healing superhydrophobic coatings on cotton fabric
ACS Nano, 2015Co-Authors: Shanshan Chen, Xiang Li, Yang Li, Junqi SunAbstract:Flame-retardant and self-healing superhydrophobic coatings are fabricated on cotton fabric by a convenient solution-dipping method, which involves the sequential deposition of a trilayer of branched poly(ethylenimine) (bPEI), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and fluorinated-decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS). When directly exposed to flame, such a trilayer coating generates a porous char layer because of its intumescent effect, successfully giving the coated fabric a self-extinguishing property. Furthermore, the F-POSS embedded in cotton fabric and APP/bPEI coating produces a superhydrophobic surface with a self-healing function. The coating can repetitively and autonomically restore the superhydrophobicity when the superhydrophobicity is damaged. The resulting cotton fabric, which is flame-resistant, waterproof, and self-cleaning, can be easily cleaned by simple water rinsing. Thus, the integration of self-healing superhydrophobicity with flame retardancy provides a practical way to resolve...
Sarah E. Ullman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Longitudinal Effects of Sexual Assault Victims' Drinking and Self-Blame on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2016Co-Authors: Liana C. Peter-hagene, Sarah E. UllmanAbstract:Alcohol plays a major role in sexual assaults, but few studies have examined its impact on recovery outcomes, particularly in longitudinal studies. In a longitudinal study of 1,013 adult sexual assault survivors, we investigated the effects of victim drinking on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as the mediating role of characterological and behavioral Self-Blame attributions. In line with some prior research, victims who were drinking before their assault experienced less PTSD, but more Self-Blame than those who were not. Characterological, but not behavioral Self-Blame was related to increased PTSD symptoms. Thus, although drinking was overall related to less PTSD, it was also associated with increased PTSD via Self-Blame attributions, highlighting the danger of blaming victims of alcohol-related rapes for their assaults. Implications for future research and clinical work with survivors of alcohol-related sexual assaults are drawn.
-
Social reactions, Self-Blame and problem drinking in adult sexual assault survivors
Psychology of Violence, 2015Co-Authors: Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Sarah E. UllmanAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test a model of the relations of social reactions to sexual assault disclosure, Self-Blame and problem drinking. This is the first study to investigate whether type of Self-Blame has different relationships with social reactions and problem drinking in a large, diverse sample of sexually assaulted women. These relationships are important to investigate in order to identify specific targets for treatment and intervention with sexual assault victims and their social networks. METHOD: Community-residing female sexual assault survivors (N = 1863) in a large metropolitan area completed a mail survey about sexual assault, social reactions to disclosure, Self-Blame attributions, and problem drinking symptoms. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling showed that characterological Self-Blame mediated the effect of negative social reactions on drinking, but behavioral Self-Blame did not function as a mediator. A second model showed unique relationships of specific positive and negative social reactions to drinking through characterological and behavioral Self-Blame. CONCLUSIONS: Characterological Self-Blame needs to be targeted in treatment and intervention with survivors, as it appears to be a key mechanism through which social reactions may influence recovery. Secondary prevention with informal social networks should educate people about social reactions to avoid negative reactions and promote those that are helpful, so people can better respond to survivors' sexual assault disclosures and improve recovery. Language: en
-
Coping, emotion regulation, and Self-Blame as mediators of sexual abuse and psychological symptoms in adult sexual assault.
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2014Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Liana C. Peter-hagene, Mark RelyeaAbstract:This study examined whether coping, emotion regulation, and Self-Blame mediate relationships of trauma histories with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in adult sexual assault victims (N = 1863). A path analysis showed that theorized mediators partially mediated associations between trauma history variables and psychological symptoms. Specifically, child sexual abuse severity was related to greater post-traumatic stress disorder and depression indirectly through maladaptive coping and decreased emotion regulation but not Self-Blame. Other traumas had direct relationships with symptoms and partially mediated effects through maladaptive coping and emotion regulation. Child sexual abuse was unrelated to Self-Blame, but other traumas were related to greater Self-Blame. Results differed according to whether women had counseling post-assault. Implications are drawn for future research and clinical treatment of adult sexual assault victims.
-
Prospective Changes in Attributions of Self-Blame and Social Reactions to Women's Disclosures of Adult Sexual Assault
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2010Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. NajdowskiAbstract:The present longitudinal study examined relationships between Self-Blame attributions and social reactions to disclosure in a community sample of adult sexual assault victims ( N = 555). Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that neither characterological Self-Blame nor behavioral Self-Blame related to negative social reactions over the 1-year follow-up period. In contrast, characterological but not behavioral Self-Blame predicted fewer positive reactions over time. Although positive reactions did not reduce Self-Blame, negative reactions led to greater characterological, but not behavioral, Self-Blame during the course of the study. Thus, relationships between Self-Blame and social reactions were not reciprocal but rather quite complex. The effects of victims’ coping strategies and sexual revictimization were also assessed.
