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Yunqing Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the up regulation of spinal toll like receptor 4 in rats with inflammatory pain induced by Complete Freund s adjuvant
    Brain Research Bulletin, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ting Zhang, Xiaohui Zhao, Yunqing Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Peripheral inflammation induces central sensitization that displays the features by the development of pain hypersensitivity to the stimuli. It has been shown that activation of glia contributes to the development of behavioral hypersensitivity after peripheral inflammation. It has been suggested that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) primarily expressed on microglia affects central pain response. The present study was designed to examine the expressions of TLR4 and microglia in the spinal cord in different time points of inflammatory pain induced by Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The results show that CFA induces significant pain hypersensitivity and paw edema as well as spinal dorsal horn (SDH) microglia activation with the increased expressions of OX-42 and TLR4 during the inflammatory pain, respectively. The quantification of TLR4 with Western Blot analysis also suggests the same patter with the morphological results during the progress of inflammatory pain. In addition, chronic minocycline hydrochloride intrathecal injection reverses pain hypersensitivity and suppresses activation of microglia and TLR4 induced by CFA, but has hardly any effects on paw edema. Taken together, our data demonstrate the importance of TLR4 and microglia in rats in CFA inflammatory pain states, and suggest that blockade of microglia should likely be considered as a therapeutic opportunity.

  • anti nociceptive effects of tanshinone iia tiia in a rat model of Complete Freund s adjuvant cfa induced inflammatory pain
    Brain Research Bulletin, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ting Zhang, Yunqing Li, Longxing Ni
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Inflammatory pain is an important clinical symptom. The levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and the levels of cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play important roles in inflammatory pain. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is an important component of Danshen, a traditional Chinese medicine that has been commonly used to treat cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory nociceptive effects of TIIA on Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation and inflammatory pain in rats. Methods The effects of TIIA on CFA-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity were investigated using behavioral tests. The levels of ERKs, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the fifth segment of the lumbar spinal cord (L5) ganglia were detected by Western blot, and the levels of mRNA and protein production of IL1-β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Results In this study, we found that TIIA attenuates the development of CFA-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. In addition, p-ERK and NF-κB expression levels were inhibited by TIIA, and the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced. Finally, we found that the expression level of TRPV1 was significantly decreased after TIIA injection. Conclusions This study demonstrated that TIIA has significant anti-nociceptive effects in a rat model of CFA-induced inflammatory pain. TIIA can inhibit the activation of ERK signaling pathways and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that TIIA may be a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive drug.

  • changes of the expression of 5 ht receptor subtype mrnas in rat dorsal root ganglion by Complete Freund s adjuvant induced inflammation
    Neuroscience Letters, 2001
    Co-Authors: Shengxi Wu, Wen Wang, Yayun Wang, Yunqing Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract By using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique, the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtype mRNAs in the rat lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was investigated following unilateral injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the rat hind paw. The results showed that 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 1B , 5-HT 1D , 5-HT 1F , 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 3 , 5-HT 4 , 5-HT 5A and 5-HT 7 receptor subtypes were present in the rat lumbar DRG. CFA injection resulted in a significant increase in mRNA level of 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 1B , 5-HT 1F , 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 3 , 5-HT 4 and 5-HT 7 receptor subtypes and a marked induction of 5-HT 2C subtype mRNA in the DRG. The present results suggest the important roles for these 5-HT receptor subtypes in generating peripheral nociceptive signaling and provide evidence to elucidate the mechanism of 5-HT in nociception.

Jun Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Myron Yaster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • protein kinase b akt is required for Complete Freund s adjuvant induced upregulation of nav1 7 and nav1 8 in primary sensory neurons
    The Journal of Pain, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lingli Liang, Myron Yaster
    Abstract:

    Abstract Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are essential for the generation and conduction of action potentials. Peripheral inflammation increases the expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, suggesting that they participate in the induction and maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain. However, how Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 are regulated in the DRG under inflammatory pain conditions remains unclear. Using a Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain model and Western blot analysis, we found that phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) was significantly increased in the ipsilateral L4/5 DRGs of rats on days 3 and 7 after intraplantar CFA injection. Immunohistochemistry showed that the percentage of p-Akt-positive neurons in the DRG was also significantly increased in the ipsilateral L4/5 DRGs at these time points. Moreover, CFA injection increased the colocalization of p-Akt with Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 in L4/5 DRG neurons. Pretreatment of rats with an intrathecal injection of Akt inhibitor IV blocked CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and CFA-induced increases in Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 in the L4/5 DRGs on day 7 after CFA injection. Our findings suggest that the Akt pathway participates in inflammation-induced upregulation of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 expression in DRG neurons. This participation might contribute to the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain. Perspective This article presents that inhibition of Akt blocks CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and CFA-induced increases in dorsal root ganglion Nav1.7 and Nav1.8. These findings have potential implications for use of Akt inhibitors to prevent and/or treat persistent inflammatory pain.

  • effect of inhibition of spinal cord glutamate transporters on inflammatory pain induced by formalin and Complete Freund s adjuvant
    Anesthesiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Myron Yaster, Xiaowei Guan, Ronald S Petralia, Jeffrey D Rothstein, Wei Lu
    Abstract:

    Background—Spinal cord glutamate transporters clear synaptically released glutamate and maintain normal sensory transmission. However, their ultrastructural localization is unknown. Moreover, whether and how they participate in inflammatory pain has not been carefully studied. Methods—Immunogold labeling with electron microscopy was carried out to characterize synaptic and non-synaptic localization of glutamate transporters in the superficial dorsal horn. Their expression and uptake activity after formalin- and Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)induced inflammation were evaluated by Western blot and glutamate uptake assays. Effects of intrathecal glutamate transporter activator [(R)-(−)-5-methyl-1-nicotinoyl-2-pyrazoline], inhibitors [DL-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA), dihydrokainate, and DL-threo-beta-hydroxyaspartate], or TBOA plus a group III metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist [(RS)-α-methylserine-Ophosphate] on formalin- and CFA-induced inflammatory pain were examined.

  • spinal cord protein interacting with c kinase 1 is required for the maintenance of Complete Freund s adjuvant induced inflammatory pain but not for incision induced post operative pain
    Pain, 2010
    Co-Authors: Fidelis E Atianjoh, Myron Yaster, Xiuli Zhao, Kogo Takamiya, Estelle B Gauda, Richard L Huganir
    Abstract:

    Abstract Protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) is a PDZ-containing protein that binds to AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluR2 subunit and protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in the central neurons. It functions as a targeting and transport protein, presents the activated form of PKCα to synaptic GluR2, and participates in synaptic AMPAR trafficking in the nervous system. Thus, PICK1 might be involved in many physiological and pathological processes triggered via the activation of AMPARs. We report herein that PICK1 knockout mice display impaired mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivities during Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain maintenance. Acute transient knockdown of spinal cord PICK1 through intrathecal injection of PICK1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide had a similar effect. In contrast, knockout and knockdown of spinal cord PICK1 did not affect incision-induced guarding pain behaviors or mechanical or thermal pain hypersensitivities. We also found that PICK1 is highly expressed in dorsal horn, where it interacts with GluR2 and PKCα. Injection of CFA into a hind paw, but not a hind paw incision, increased PKCα-mediated GluR2 phosphorylation at Ser880 and GluR2 internalization in dorsal horn. These increases were absent when spinal cord PICK1 was deficient. Given that dorsal horn PKCα-mediated GluR2 phosphorylation at Ser880 and GluR2 internalization contribute to the maintenance of CFA-induced inflammatory pain, our findings suggest that spinal PICK1 may participate in the maintenance of persistent inflammatory pain, but not in incision-induced post-operative pain, through promoting PKCα-mediated GluR2 phosphorylation and internalization in dorsal horn neurons.

  • role of spinal cord alpha amino 3 hydroxy 5 methyl 4 isoxazolepropionic acid receptors in Complete Freund s adjuvant induced inflammatory pain
    Molecular Pain, 2008
    Co-Authors: Myron Yaster, Xiaowei Guan, Yun Guan, Jang Su Park, Ji Tian Xu, Ming Hung Shih, Srinivasa Naga Raja
    Abstract:

    Spinal cord α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) mediate acute spinal processing of nociceptive and non-nociceptive information, but whether and how their activation contributes to the central sensitization that underlies persistent inflammatory pain are still unclear. Here, we examined the role of spinal AMPARs in the development and maintenance of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced persistent inflammatory pain. Intrathecal application of two selective non-competitive AMPAR antagonists, CFM-2 (25 and 50 μg) and GYKI 52466 (50 μg), significantly attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities on the ipsilateral hind paw at 2 and 24 h post-CFA injection. Neither CFM-2 nor GYKI 52466 affected the contralateral basal responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli. Locomotor activity was not altered in any of the drug-treated animals. CFA-induced inflammation did not change total expression or distribution of AMPAR subunits GluR1 and GluR2 in dorsal horn but did alter their subcellular distribution. The amount of GluR2 was markedly increased in the crude cytosolic fraction and decreased in the crude membrane fraction from the ipsilateral L4–5 dorsal horn at 24 h (but not at 2 h) post-CFA injection. Conversely, the level of GluR1 was significantly decreased in the crude cytosolic fraction and increased in the crude membrane fraction from the ipsilateral L4–5 dorsal horn at 24 h (but not at 2 h) post-CFA injection. These findings suggest that spinal AMPARs might participate in the central spinal mechanism of persistent inflammatory pain.

Chengjian Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • anti arthritic activity of xanthium strumarium l extract on Complete Freund s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yong Zhao, Khalid Rahman, Chengjian Zheng
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Xanthium strumarium L. fruit (Xanthiu fruit) has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb in China for the treatment of many ailments including rheumatoid arthritis. However, the anti-arthritic activity of Xanthium strumarium fruit has still not been demonstrated. In the present study, we confirmed that the extract of Xanthium strumarium (EXS) prevents rheumatoid arthritis induced by Complete Freund׳s Adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats (160±10 g) were immunized by intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of CFA into the left hind metatarsal footpad. EXS was administered orally at a dose of 300 and 75 mg/kg once a day after the induction of adjuvant arthritis. Methotrexate (3 mg/kg, twice a week) was used as a positive control. Paw swelling, arthritic score, body weight loss, spleen index, thymus index, serum cytokines, inflammatory mediators and histological change were measured. The chemical profile of EXS was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Results We found that the EXS significantly suppressed paw swelling and arthritic score, increased body weight loss and decreased the thymus index. The overproduction of TNF-α and IL-1β were remarkably suppressed in the serum of all EXS-treated rats, and in contrast IL-10 was markedly increased. The level of COX-2 and 5-LOX was also decreased with EXS treatment. Ten phenolic acid derivatives were identified from 14 detected peaks by HPLC-DAD with the reference substances and verified by LC–MS. Conclusions These results suggest the potential effect of EXS as an anti-arthritis agent towards CFA-induced arthritis in rats. Xanthium strumarium has the potential to be regarded as a candidate for use in general therapeutics and as an immune-modulatory medicine in rheumatoid arthritis.

  • therapeutic effects of standardized vitex negundo seeds extract on Complete Freund s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats
    Phytomedicine, 2014
    Co-Authors: Chengjian Zheng, Xiangxiang Zhao, Hongwei Ai, Yiping Jiang, Xin Xing
    Abstract:

    Abstract The seeds of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) have been commonly used as a folk remedy for the treatment of rheumatism and joint inflammation in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of the extract of V. negundo seeds (EVNS) using Freund's Complete adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis (AA) in rat model. As a result, EVNS, with abundant phenylnaphthalene-type lignans, significantly inhibited the paw edema, decreased the arthritis score and spleen index, and reversed the weight loss of CFA-injected rats. Histopathological studies showed a marked decrease of synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints of EVNS-treated animals. The remarkable decrement of serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were observed in EVNS-treated rats, whereas, IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was found to be significantly increased by EVNS. The expressions of COX-2 and 5-LOX in PBMC were also inhibited by administration of EVNS. Our results demonstrated that V. negundo seeds possessed potential therapeutic effect on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats by decreasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and increasing that of IL-10 in serum as well as down-regulating the levels of COX-2 and 5-LOX, and therefore may be an effective cure for the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis.

Rock S Levinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ibuprofen blocks changes in nav 1 7 and 1 8 sodium channels associated with Complete Freund s adjuvant induced inflammation in rat
    The Journal of Pain, 2004
    Co-Authors: Harry J Gould, John D England, Rock S Levinson, Denis R Soignier, Porter Nolan, Lerna D Minor, Dennis Paul
    Abstract:

    Abstract Although nerve growth factor plays a role in augmenting sodium channel expression in small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, the cytochemical mediators responsible for enhanced expression in large DRG neurons are unknown. To narrow the search for mediators involved in the increased production of sodium channels in large DRG neurons, we examined the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition on sodium channel production during inflammation. Thirty minutes before the subcutaneous injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), rats received ibuprofen (nonselective, cyclooxygenase inhibitor), NS-398 (selective, cyclooxygenase inhibitor), or vehicle. Withdrawal thresholds from thermal and mechanical stimulation were measured before and immediately after CFA injection and at selected hourly intervals after injection for the next 24 hours. Sodium channel up-regulation was then examined in DRG by using site-specific, anti–sodium channel antibodies, Na v 1.7 and 1.8. Both ibuprofen and NS-398 provided analgesia during the second phase of inflammatory hyperalgesia that begins 3 hours after CFA injection. The up-regulation, predominantly of Na v 1.7 and minimally of Na v 1.8 channels, seen in vehicle-treated rats was suppressed by both drugs at 24 hours after injection. By 72 hours after injection, no difference in labeling between the drug- and vehicle-treated animals was observed. Sodium channel labeling in large DRG neurons returned to baseline between 1 and 2 weeks after CFA injection, whereas small cell labeling persisted. The cytochemical signal for sodium channel up-regulation in the large DRG cells that most closely correlates with inflammatory hyperalgesia is mediated at least in part through products of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Perspective Expression of sodium channels in dorsal root ganglia increases dramatically during inflammation. The increase in sodium channels is thought to enhance neuronal excitability and to play a role in hyperalgesia and wound vigilance during healing. We provide evidence that prostaglandins play a role in signaling channel augmentation.

  • rapid sodium channel augmentation in response to inflammation induced by Complete Freund s adjuvant
    Brain Research, 1998
    Co-Authors: Harry J Gould, John D England, Rock S Levinson
    Abstract:

    The mechanisms by which inflammation induces a chronic pain state are poorly understood. Following the induction of many painful conditions, an increase in the spontaneous firing rate of neurons is often observed in peripheral sensory ganglia. Since ion channels are essential mediators of spike generation and impulse conduction, it is reasonable to postulate that local changes in ion channel expression might underlie the changes in membrane excitability. Such alterations may serve to enhance the efficiency by which painful stimuli are transduced and then conducted to the central nervous system. In these studies, we employed immunocytochemical methods to investigate the changes in sodium channel expression in dorsal root ganglia of rats following a subcutaneous injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant, an inducer of chronic inflammation. We find that sodium channel immunoreactivity within primary sensory neurons is dramatically increased within 24 h of the Complete Freund's adjuvant injection. These changes persist in small neurons for at least 2 months and roughly parallel the time course of behaviorally measured changes in pain thresholds. Thus, the regulation of sodium channel synthesis may play a role in the generation and maintenance of the hyperesthetic state seen in chronic inflammation.