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Caroline Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eHealth Treatments for Compulsive Overeating: a Narrative Review
Current Addiction Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Elnaz Moghimi, Caroline Davis, Michael RotondiAbstract:Electronic or eHealth technologies have resulted in a progressive transformation of healthcare delivery, leading to greater treatment access, and more informed and individualized clinician-patient relationships. These characteristics are especially important for individuals who suffer from Compulsive Overeating and related disorders such as binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa—where personal feelings of shame and fear, high costs and low treatment availability may deter individuals from obtaining appropriate care. In the following narrative review, the efficacy of eHealth interventions for the treatment of Compulsive Overeating is explored. The key benefits of the treatments—which mainly consist of internet cognitive behavioural therapy—are their convenience and ease of access; their ability for the individual to retain anonymity; and the provision of continuous support. Despite these advantages, high dropouts and low completion rates continue to pose a problem in eHealth therapies. Therefore, such treatments need to enhance engagement by including a diverse range of multimedia formats and to improve therapist interaction on these platforms. This is especially important considering that patients who exhibit Compulsive Overeating behaviours tend to have an elevated sensitivity to reward and pleasurable stimuli and a greater need for positive human support. The findings suggest that the more interactive, engaging and person-centered the treatment is, the more appealing it will be to those suffering from Compulsive Overeating. Therefore, in order to enhance adherence and therapeutic success, it will behoove future studies to assess the features of eHealth treatments to determine what could be modified in order to enhance their efficacy and appeal to patients.
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a commentary on the associations among food addiction binge eating disorder and obesity overlapping conditions with idiosyncratic clinical features
Appetite, 2017Co-Authors: Caroline DavisAbstract:Abstract This commentary discusses the evidence linking patterns of Compulsive Overeating, such as binge eating and grazing, with a putative psychopathological condition known commonly as ‘food addiction’. It also addresses their distinctiveness as independent – albeit overlapping – clinical entities. Discussions focus largely on their respective clinical features and neuropsychobiological associations. Despite semantic issues about the appropriateness of the food-addiction label, there is accumulating evidence that some vulnerable individuals display addictive symptoms in relation to their consumption of certain highly rewarding foods. It is also argued in this paper that despite a positive relationship between obesity and addictive tendencies towards food, it is over-inclusive to model obesity as an addiction disorder, especially given the multi-faceted etiology and current pervasiveness of weight gain worldwide.
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Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in Relation to Addictive Behaviors and Personality Risk Factors.
Frontiers in psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, Jacqueline C. Carter, Laura Mackew, Robert D. Levitan, Allan S. Kaplan, James L. KennedyAbstract:While there is good evidence that BED is linked to higher-than-expected use of a broad range of addictive behaviors, mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Using a mediation-analytical approach with three age- and gender-matched groups - overweight/obese adults with and without BED, and normal-weight control participants – we tested the hypothesis that adults with BED would engage in more addictive behaviors and have higher scores on a personality-risk index than the two control groups. We also anticipated that the relationship between BED and addictive behaviors would be mediated by a high-risk personality profile. The predicted mediation effect was strongly supported. Contrary to expectation BED participants did not engage in more addictive behaviors or have higher personality-risk scores than their weight-matched counterparts. However, both overweight/obese groups did have significantly higher scores than the normal-weight group. The relationships among personality risk, elevated BMI, and addictive behaviors has important clinical and implications, especially for treatments that target psycho-behavioral intervention for Compulsive Overeating and substance-use disorders.
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Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in Relation to Addictive Behaviors and Personality Risk Factors
Frontiers Media S.A., 2017Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, Jacqueline C. Carter, Laura Mackew, Robert D. Levitan, Allan S. Kaplan, James L. KennedyAbstract:While there is good evidence that binge eating disorder (BED) is linked to higher-than-expected use of a broad range of addictive behaviors, mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Using a mediation-analytical approach with three age- and gender-matched groups – overweight/obese adults with (n = 42) and without (n = 104) BED, and normal-weight control participants (n = 73) – we tested the hypothesis that adults with BED would engage in more addictive behaviors and have higher scores on a personality-risk index than the two control groups. We also anticipated that the relationship between BED and addictive behaviors would be mediated by a high-risk personality profile. The predicted mediation effect was strongly supported. Contrary to expectation, BED participants did not engage in more addictive behaviors or have higher personality-risk scores than their weight-matched counterparts. However, both overweight/obese groups did have significantly higher scores than the normal-weight group. The relationships among personality risk, elevated body mass index (BMI), and addictive behaviors have important clinical implications, especially for treatments that target psycho-behavioral intervention for Compulsive Overeating and substance-use disorders
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genetic similarities between Compulsive Overeating and addiction phenotypes a case for food addiction
Current Psychiatry Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Nina Carlier, Caroline Davis, Victoria Marshe, Jana Cmorejova, Daniel J MullerAbstract:There exists a continuous spectrum of Overeating, where at the extremes there are casual overindulgences and at the other a ‘pathological’ drive to consume palatable foods. It has been proposed that pathological eating behaviors may be the result of addictive appetitive behavior and loss of ability to regulate the consumption of highly processed foods containing refined carbohydrates, fats, salt, and caffeine. In this review, we highlight the genetic similarities underlying substance addiction phenotypes and Overeating compulsions seen in individuals with binge eating disorder. We relate these similarities to findings from neuroimaging studies on reward processing and clinical diagnostic criteria based on addiction phenotypes. The abundance of similarities between Compulsive Overeating and substance addictions puts forth a case for a ‘food addiction’ phenotype as a valid, diagnosable disorder.
Nicole Wenderoth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food-Predicting Stimuli Differentially Influence Eye Movements and Goal-Directed Behavior in Normal-Weight, Overweight, and Obese Individuals.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Rea Lehner, Alexandra Bürgler, Todd A. Hare, Joshua H Balsters, Nicole WenderothAbstract:Obese individuals have been shown to exhibit abnormal sensitivity to rewards and reward-predicting cues as for example food-associated cues frequently used in advertisements. It has also been shown that food-associated cues can increase goal-directed behavior but it is currently unknown, whether this effect differs between normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Here, we investigate this question by using a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) task in normal-weight (N = 20), overweight (N = 17), and obese (N = 17) individuals. Furthermore, we applied eye tracking during Pavlovian conditioning to measure the participants’ conditioned response as a proxy of the incentive salience of the predicted reward. Our results show that the goal-directed behavior of overweight individuals was more strongly influenced by food-predicting cues (i.e., stronger PIT effect) than that of normal-weight and obese individuals (p 0.646). Our findings are largely consistent with the incentive sensitization theory predicting that overweight individuals are more susceptible to food-related cues than normal-weight controls. However, this hypersensitivity might be reduced in obese individuals, possibly due to habitual/Compulsive Overeating or differences in reward valuation.
Jacqueline C. Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in Relation to Addictive Behaviors and Personality Risk Factors.
Frontiers in psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, Jacqueline C. Carter, Laura Mackew, Robert D. Levitan, Allan S. Kaplan, James L. KennedyAbstract:While there is good evidence that BED is linked to higher-than-expected use of a broad range of addictive behaviors, mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Using a mediation-analytical approach with three age- and gender-matched groups - overweight/obese adults with and without BED, and normal-weight control participants – we tested the hypothesis that adults with BED would engage in more addictive behaviors and have higher scores on a personality-risk index than the two control groups. We also anticipated that the relationship between BED and addictive behaviors would be mediated by a high-risk personality profile. The predicted mediation effect was strongly supported. Contrary to expectation BED participants did not engage in more addictive behaviors or have higher personality-risk scores than their weight-matched counterparts. However, both overweight/obese groups did have significantly higher scores than the normal-weight group. The relationships among personality risk, elevated BMI, and addictive behaviors has important clinical and implications, especially for treatments that target psycho-behavioral intervention for Compulsive Overeating and substance-use disorders.
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Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in Relation to Addictive Behaviors and Personality Risk Factors
Frontiers Media S.A., 2017Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, Jacqueline C. Carter, Laura Mackew, Robert D. Levitan, Allan S. Kaplan, James L. KennedyAbstract:While there is good evidence that binge eating disorder (BED) is linked to higher-than-expected use of a broad range of addictive behaviors, mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Using a mediation-analytical approach with three age- and gender-matched groups – overweight/obese adults with (n = 42) and without (n = 104) BED, and normal-weight control participants (n = 73) – we tested the hypothesis that adults with BED would engage in more addictive behaviors and have higher scores on a personality-risk index than the two control groups. We also anticipated that the relationship between BED and addictive behaviors would be mediated by a high-risk personality profile. The predicted mediation effect was strongly supported. Contrary to expectation, BED participants did not engage in more addictive behaviors or have higher personality-risk scores than their weight-matched counterparts. However, both overweight/obese groups did have significantly higher scores than the normal-weight group. The relationships among personality risk, elevated body mass index (BMI), and addictive behaviors have important clinical implications, especially for treatments that target psycho-behavioral intervention for Compulsive Overeating and substance-use disorders
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If Certain Foods are Addictive, How Might this Change the Treatment of Compulsive Overeating and Obesity?
Current Addiction Reports, 2014Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, Jacqueline C. CarterAbstract:This review summarizes the evidence — both current and from an historic perspective — that many processed foods, specifically those in which the palatability has been enhanced with sugar, fat, and salt, have addictive properties similar to drugs such as nicotine, alcohol, and stimulants. The addictive potential of these foods thereby adds to a growing acceptance of ‘food addiction’ as a viable clinical entity and an important area for further investigation. The evidence that some cases of binge eating disorder can best be conceptualized as a food addiction also has important treatment implications for those suffering from Compulsive Overeating. This review also discusses the utility of interventions such as motivational interviewing, psycho-educational programs focused on the neurobiologic aspects of excessive consumption of hyper-palatable foods, and the development of cognitive behavioral strategies to increase an individual’s ability to tolerate food cravings as temporary states, and better inhibit urges to overeat.
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food cravings appetite and snack food consumption in response to a psychomotor stimulant drug the moderating effect of food addiction
Frontiers in Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, Robert D. Levitan, Allan S. Kaplan, James L. Kennedy, Jacqueline C. CarterAbstract:There is mounting evidence that many highly processed foods have addictive properties, and that some cases of Compulsive Overeating are behavioral addictions. While support for the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) as a valid diagnostic tool has been impressive and continues to increase, to date, no research has examined the food-addiction construct in response to an actual food stimulus, and in relation to direct measures of appetite and food consumption. As part of a larger community-based study of Overeating in healthy adults who were predominately overweight and obese (aged 25-50 years), 136 participants completed the YFAS, of whom 23 met the diagnostic criteria for food addiction. They took part in a 2-day, double-blind, cross-over, single-dose drug challenge using a psychomotor stimulant (methylphenidate) and placebo. Participants were first assessed on ratings of appetite and food cravings after holding and tasting their favorite snack food, after which they were able to eat all or part of the snack, as they wished. Three separate repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) procedures were carried out, each with 2 between-subjects factors (Diagnosis: food addiction vs non-food addiction) and (Sex: male vs female) and 1 within-subjects factor (Days: drug vs placebo). As anticipated, for all three dependent variables, there was a significant main effect for Days with a response decrease from placebo to the drug condition. With respect to food cravings and appetite ratings, results indicated that the food-addiction group had significantly higher scores on both variables (p<0.0001). For food consumption, there was a significant Days x Diagnosis interaction (p=0.018) whereby the food-addiction group showed no food-intake suppression across days compared to the non-food-addiction group who demonstrated a significant decrease in snack-food consumption with methylphenidate. The finding that the food-addiction group was resistant to the food-intake suppression typic
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Compulsive Overeating as an addiction disorder. A review of theory and evidence.
Appetite, 2009Co-Authors: Caroline Davis, Jacqueline C. CarterAbstract:In this paper we argue that Compulsive Overeating has compelling similarities to conventional drug addiction. Our case is based on their comparable clinical features, the biological mechanisms they have in common, and on evidence that the two disorders have a shared diathesis. In making the argument for Overeating as an addictive behaviour, it is clearly not appropriate to include all cases of excessive food consumption in this taxon. Nor are we claiming that obesity and addiction are one and the same. However, it is proposed that Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a phenotype particularly well-suited to such a conceptualization, and that sound clinical and scientific evidence exists to support this viewpoint. We have provided some recommendations for treatment modifications that recognize the similarities between treating drug dependence and Compulsive Overeating.
Turato E.r. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perceptions Of Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Regarding Their Diet During Onset Of The Disease: A Qualitative Study [percepções De Pacientes Sobre Alimentação No Seu Processo De Adoecimento Crônico Por Síndrome Metabólica: Um Estudo Qualitativo]
2015Co-Authors: Vieira C.m., Turato E.r.Abstract:Objective: This study aimed to investigate the psychological and cultural issues regarding dietary habits and body image during the onset of metabolic syndrome. Methods: A clinical, qualitative study was conducted with a sample of nine outpatients being treated for metabolic syndrome at a university teaching hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with open questions and then submitted to content analysis. Interpretation of data was based on a psychodynamic theoretical framework. Results: The results were organized empirically into three categories: "Fat people look terrible"; "I am too heavy and my weight bothers me"; and "I eat so little; nobody believes it". The participants in this study revealed their rejection of obesity, reinforced by a culture that exalts thinness. Dissatisfaction with their body image resulted in the patients deflecting the focus of the problem, thereby affecting the development of self-care and management of the treatment for the metabolic disorders that characterize metabolic syndrome. Dissociation between dietary habits and excess weight, as well as the use of food to fill emotional gaps, reflect difficulties in facing conflicts and contribute towards deflecting the focus of the problem. Conclusion: Nutritional care and diets proposed for patients with metabolic syndrome should take into consideration emotional demands resulting from dissatisfaction with body image, difficulties in implementing changes in dietary habits and episodes of Compulsive Overeating
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Perceptions Of Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Regarding Their Diet During Onset Of The Disease: A Qualitative Study [percepções De Pacientes Sobre Alimentação No Seu Processo De Adoecimento Crônico Por Síndrome Metabólica: Um Estudo Qualitativo]
2015Co-Authors: Vieira C.m., Turato E.r.Abstract:Objective: This study aimed to investigate the psychological and cultural issues regarding dietary habits and body image during the onset of metabolic syndrome. Methods: A clinical, qualitative study was conducted with a sample of nine outpatients being treated for metabolic syndrome at a university teaching hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with open questions and then submitted to content analysis. Interpretation of data was based on a psychodynamic theoretical framework. Results: The results were organized empirically into three categories: "Fat people look terrible"; "I am too heavy and my weight bothers me"; and "I eat so little; nobody believes it". The participants in this study revealed their rejection of obesity, reinforced by a culture that exalts thinness. Dissatisfaction with their body image resulted in the patients deflecting the focus of the problem, thereby affecting the development of self-care and management of the treatment for the metabolic disorders that characterize metabolic syndrome. Dissociation between dietary habits and excess weight, as well as the use of food to fill emotional gaps, reflect difficulties in facing conflicts and contribute towards deflecting the focus of the problem. Conclusion: Nutritional care and diets proposed for patients with metabolic syndrome should take into consideration emotional demands resulting from dissatisfaction with body image, difficulties in implementing changes in dietary habits and episodes of Compulsive Overeating.233425432Alberti, K.G.M.M., Zimmet, P., Shaw, J., Metabolic syndrome: a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation (2006) Diabetes Mellitus, 23, pp. 469-480I Diretriz brasileira de diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome metabólica. conceituação, epidemiologia e diagnóstico (2004) Rev Bras Hipertens, 7 (4), pp. 130-131. , Sociedade Brasileira de HipertensãoGeloneze, B., Síndrome metabólica: mito ou realidade? (2006) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 50 (3), pp. 409-411Opie, L.H., Metabolic syndrome (2007) Circulation, 115, pp. e32-e35Oliveira, E.P., Souza, M.L.A., Lima, M.D.A., Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em uma área rural do semiárido baiano (2006) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 50 (3), pp. 456-465McLellan, K.C.P., Barbalho, S.M., Cattalini, M., Lerarrio, A.C., Diabetes Mellitus do tipo 2, síndrome metabólica e modificação no estilo de vida (2007) Rev Nutr, 20 (5), pp. 515-524. , doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732007000500007Santos, C.R.B., Portella, E.S., Ávila, S.S., Soares, E.A., Fatores dietéticos na prevenção e tratamento de comorbidades associadas à síndrome metabólica (2006) Rev Nutr, 19 (3), pp. 389-401. , doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732006000300010Sharovsky, L.L., Perez, G.H., Romano, B.W., Lopes, H.F., Psicoterapia de grupo em pacientes portadores de síndrome metabólica (2004) Rev Soc Cardio Estado de São Paulo, 14, pp. 646-651Perez, G.H., Romano, B.W., O comportamento alimentar e síndrome metabólica: aspectos psicológicos (2004) Rev Soc Cardio Estado de São Paulo, 14 (4), pp. 652-660Corica, F., Corsonello, A., Apolone, G., Mannucci, E., Lucchetti, M., Bonfiglio, C., Metabolic syndrome, psychological status and quality of life in obesity: the QUOVADIS study (2008) Int J Obes, 32 (1), p. 185Viana, V., Psicologia, saúde e nutrição: contributo para o estudo do comportamento alimentar (2002) Anál Psicol, 4, pp. 611-624Toral, N., Slater, B., Abordagem do modelo transteórico no comportamento alimentar (2007) Ciên Saúde Coletiva, 12 (6), pp. 1641-1650(2009) Com pulsão e distúrbios alimentares, p. 39. , Bruno CANB. PsiqueContreras Hernández, J., La obesidad: uma perspectiva sociocultural (2005) Zainak, 27, pp. 31-52Bernardi, F., Cichelero, C., Vitolo, M.R., Comportamento de restrição alimentar e obesidade (2005) Rev Nutr, 18 (1), pp. 85-93. , doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732005000100008Ferreira, F.R., A produção de sentidos sobre a imagem do corpo (2008) Interface, 12 (26), pp. 47-83Sudo, N., Madel Luz, T., O gordo em pauta: representações do ser gordo em revistas semanais (2007) Ciên Saúde Coletiva, 12 (4), pp. 1033-1040Yoshino, N.L., O corpo "em excesso" e o culto da "boa forma" (2007) Olhares socioantropológicos sobre os adoecidos crônicos, pp. 111-127. , Canesqui AM, organizador. São Paulo: HucitecMinayo, M.C.S., (2004) Desafio do conhecimento: pesquisa qualitativa em saúde, , 8a ed. São Paulo: HucitecTurato, E.R., (2008) Tratado da metodologia da pesquisa clínico-qualitativa: construção teórico-epistemológica, discussão comparada e aplicação nas áreas humanas e da saúde, , 3a ed. Petrópolis: Vozes;Fontanella, B.J.B., Rica, J., Turato, E.R., Abordagem por saturação em pesquisas qualitativas em saúde: contribuições teóricas (2008) Cad Saúde Pública, 24 (1), pp. 17-24Fontanella, B.J.B., Campos, C.J.G., Turato, E.R., Coleta de dados na pesquisa clínico-qualitativa: uso de entrevistas não dirigidas de questões abertas por profissionais da saúde (2006) Rev Lat-Am Enfermagem, 14 (5), pp. 812-820Campos, C.J.G., Turato, E.R., Análise de conteúdo em pesquisas que utilizam metodologia clínico-qualitativa: aplicação e perspectivas (2009) Rev Lat-Am Enfermagem, 17 (2), pp. 259-264(1997) Piscossoma: psicossomática psicoanalítica, , Ferraz FC, Volich RM, organizadores. São Paulo: Casa do PsicólogoGarcia, R.W.D., A antropologia aplicada às diferentes áreas da nutrição (2005) Antropologia e nutrição: um diálogo possível. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz, pp. 287-303. , Canesqui AM, Garcia RWD, organizadores. 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Rea Lehner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food-Predicting Stimuli Differentially Influence Eye Movements and Goal-Directed Behavior in Normal-Weight, Overweight, and Obese Individuals.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Rea Lehner, Alexandra Bürgler, Todd A. Hare, Joshua H Balsters, Nicole WenderothAbstract:Obese individuals have been shown to exhibit abnormal sensitivity to rewards and reward-predicting cues as for example food-associated cues frequently used in advertisements. It has also been shown that food-associated cues can increase goal-directed behavior but it is currently unknown, whether this effect differs between normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Here, we investigate this question by using a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) task in normal-weight (N = 20), overweight (N = 17), and obese (N = 17) individuals. Furthermore, we applied eye tracking during Pavlovian conditioning to measure the participants’ conditioned response as a proxy of the incentive salience of the predicted reward. Our results show that the goal-directed behavior of overweight individuals was more strongly influenced by food-predicting cues (i.e., stronger PIT effect) than that of normal-weight and obese individuals (p 0.646). Our findings are largely consistent with the incentive sensitization theory predicting that overweight individuals are more susceptible to food-related cues than normal-weight controls. However, this hypersensitivity might be reduced in obese individuals, possibly due to habitual/Compulsive Overeating or differences in reward valuation.