The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fred Paas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic problem selection in air traffic control training a comparison between performance mental effort and mental efficiency
Computers in Human Behavior, 2001Co-Authors: Gino Camp, Fred Paas, Remy M J P Rikers, Jeroen J G Van MerrienboerAbstract:The differential effects on training and training outcome of four methods of problem selection were investigated in a computer-based training for air traffic control. In one method, training problems were given to the participants in a fixed predetermined sequence, from simple to complex. In the other methods, problems were selected dynamically, based on three different learner variables. These were mental effort, performance and mental efficiency, which is a variable that combines mental effort and performance measures to determine problem efficiency. After the training, transfer was measured. The hypothesis that dynamic problem selection would lead to more efficient training than non-dynamic problem selection was confirmed. The second hypothesis, that dynamic problem selection based on mental efficiency would lead to more efficient training and better transfer than dynamic problem selection based on performance or mental effort alone was not supported. However, the efficiency measures of the three variables were distorted by the differential effects of these variables on the acquisition phase. A possible explanation for the results is that selection based on performance stimulates rule automation, whereas selection based on mental effort or mental efficiency leads to schema acquisition.
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variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem solving skills a cognitive load approach
Journal of Educational Psychology, 1994Co-Authors: Fred Paas, Jeroen J G Van MerrienboerAbstract:Four computer-based training strategies for geometrical problem solving in the domain of computer numerically controlled machinery programming were studied with regard to their effects on training performance, transfer performance, and cognitive load. A low- and a high-variability conventional condition, in which conventional practice problems had to be solved (followed by worked examples), were compared with a low- and a high-variability worked condition, in which worked examples had to be studied. Results showed that students who studied worked examples gained most from high-variability examples, invested less time and mental effort in practice, and attained better and less effort-demanding transfer performance than students who first attempted to solve conventional problems and then studied work examples.
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training strategies for attaining transfer of problem solving skill in statistics a cognitive load approach
Journal of Educational Psychology, 1992Co-Authors: Fred PaasAbstract:In statistical problems, the differential effects on training performance, transfer performance, and cognitive load were studied for 3 computer-based training strategies. The conventionaI, worked, and completion conditions emphasized, respectively, the solving of conventional problems, the study of worked-out problems, and the completion of partly worked-out problems. The relation between practice-problem the and transfer was expected to be mediated by cognitive load. It was hypothesized that practice with conventional problems would require more time and more effort during training and result in lower and more effort-demanding transfer performance than practice with worked-out or partly worked-out problems
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training strategies for attaining transfer of problem solving skill in statistics a cognitive load approach
Journal of Educational Psychology, 1992Co-Authors: Fred PaasAbstract:Studied the differential effect on training performance, transfer performance, and cognitive load for 3 computer-based training strategies. The conventional, worked, and completion conditions emphasized, respectively, the solving of conventional problems, the study of worked-out problems, and the completion of partly worked-out problems. The relation between practice-problem type and transfer was expected to be mediated by cognitive load. It was hypothesized that practice with conventional problems would require more time and more effort during training and result in lower and more effort-demanding transfer performance than practice with worked-out or partly worked-out problems. With the exception of time and effort during training, the results supported the hypothesis. The completion strategy and, in particular, the worked strategy proved to be superior to the conventional strategy for attaining transfer.
Luciana C X Lafeta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficacy of a standardized computer based training curriculum to teach echocardiographic identification of rheumatic heart disease to nonexpert users
American Journal of Cardiology, 2016Co-Authors: Andrea Beaton, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Adriana C Diamantino, Gabriel Tensol Rodrigues Pereira, Cassio O Miri, Kaciane K Bruno, Graziela Chequer, Camila G Ferreira, Eduardo Lopes, Luciana C X LafetaAbstract:The ability to integrate echocardiographic for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) into RHD prevention programs is limited because of lack of financial and expert human resources in endemic areas. Task shifting to nonexperts is promising; but investigations into workforce composition and training schemes are needed. The objective of this study was to test nonexperts' ability to interpret RHD screening echocardiograms after a brief, standardized, computer-based training course. Six nonexperts completed a 3-week curriculum on image interpretation. Participant performance was tested in a school-screening environment in comparison to the reference approach (cardiologists, standard portable echocardiography machines, and 2012 World Heart Federation criteria). All participants successfully completed the curriculum, and feedback was universally positive. Screening was performed in 1,381 children (5 to 18 years, 60% female), with 397 (47 borderline RHD, 6 definite RHD, 336 normal, and 8 other) referred for handheld echo. Overall sensitivity of the simplified approach was 83% (95% CI 76% to 89%), with an overall specificity of 85% (95% CI 82% to 87%). The most common reasons for false-negative screens (n = 16) were missed mitral regurgitation (MR; 44%) and MR ≤1.5 cm (29%). The most common reasons for false-positive screens (n = 179) included identification of erroneous color jets (25%), incorrect MR measurement (24%), and appropriate application of simplified guidelines (39.4%). In conclusion, a short, independent computer-based curriculum can be successfully used to train a heterogeneous group of nonexperts to interpret RHD screening echocardiograms. This approach helps address prohibitive financial and workforce barriers to widespread RHD screening.
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abstract 18811 improving the practicality of echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease performance of non expert users following completion of a standardized computer based training curriculum
Circulation, 2015Co-Authors: Andrea Beaton, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Adriana C Diamantino, Gabriel Tensol Rodrigues Pereira, Eduardo L V Lopes, Cassio O Miri, Kaciane K Bruno, Graziela Chequer, Camila G Ferreira, Luciana C X LafetaAbstract:Background: Echocardiography (echo) is the most sensitive tool for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) detection. However, widespread screening programs are non-existent due to lack of financial and expert human resources in endemic areas. Task-shifting to non-experts to perform RHD screening is promising; however, investigations into workforce composition and replicable training schemes are needed. Objective: Test non-experts’ ability to conduct RHD screening following a brief, standardized, computer-based training course. Methods: Six non-experts with a variety of backgrounds (nurses, health technicians, medical students) and echo experience (6 wks-1 yr) completed a 3-module computer-based curriculum focusing on simplified criteria for RHD screening (mitral regurgitation (MR) ≥1.5cm and/or any aortic regurgitation). Following training, two teams of 3 non-experts were placed in school screening environments. Gold-standard diagnoses of RHD (2012, World Heart Federation criteria) were made by cardiologists using...
Andrea Beaton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficacy of a standardized computer based training curriculum to teach echocardiographic identification of rheumatic heart disease to nonexpert users
American Journal of Cardiology, 2016Co-Authors: Andrea Beaton, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Adriana C Diamantino, Gabriel Tensol Rodrigues Pereira, Cassio O Miri, Kaciane K Bruno, Graziela Chequer, Camila G Ferreira, Eduardo Lopes, Luciana C X LafetaAbstract:The ability to integrate echocardiographic for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) into RHD prevention programs is limited because of lack of financial and expert human resources in endemic areas. Task shifting to nonexperts is promising; but investigations into workforce composition and training schemes are needed. The objective of this study was to test nonexperts' ability to interpret RHD screening echocardiograms after a brief, standardized, computer-based training course. Six nonexperts completed a 3-week curriculum on image interpretation. Participant performance was tested in a school-screening environment in comparison to the reference approach (cardiologists, standard portable echocardiography machines, and 2012 World Heart Federation criteria). All participants successfully completed the curriculum, and feedback was universally positive. Screening was performed in 1,381 children (5 to 18 years, 60% female), with 397 (47 borderline RHD, 6 definite RHD, 336 normal, and 8 other) referred for handheld echo. Overall sensitivity of the simplified approach was 83% (95% CI 76% to 89%), with an overall specificity of 85% (95% CI 82% to 87%). The most common reasons for false-negative screens (n = 16) were missed mitral regurgitation (MR; 44%) and MR ≤1.5 cm (29%). The most common reasons for false-positive screens (n = 179) included identification of erroneous color jets (25%), incorrect MR measurement (24%), and appropriate application of simplified guidelines (39.4%). In conclusion, a short, independent computer-based curriculum can be successfully used to train a heterogeneous group of nonexperts to interpret RHD screening echocardiograms. This approach helps address prohibitive financial and workforce barriers to widespread RHD screening.
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abstract 18811 improving the practicality of echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease performance of non expert users following completion of a standardized computer based training curriculum
Circulation, 2015Co-Authors: Andrea Beaton, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Adriana C Diamantino, Gabriel Tensol Rodrigues Pereira, Eduardo L V Lopes, Cassio O Miri, Kaciane K Bruno, Graziela Chequer, Camila G Ferreira, Luciana C X LafetaAbstract:Background: Echocardiography (echo) is the most sensitive tool for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) detection. However, widespread screening programs are non-existent due to lack of financial and expert human resources in endemic areas. Task-shifting to non-experts to perform RHD screening is promising; however, investigations into workforce composition and replicable training schemes are needed. Objective: Test non-experts’ ability to conduct RHD screening following a brief, standardized, computer-based training course. Methods: Six non-experts with a variety of backgrounds (nurses, health technicians, medical students) and echo experience (6 wks-1 yr) completed a 3-module computer-based curriculum focusing on simplified criteria for RHD screening (mitral regurgitation (MR) ≥1.5cm and/or any aortic regurgitation). Following training, two teams of 3 non-experts were placed in school screening environments. Gold-standard diagnoses of RHD (2012, World Heart Federation criteria) were made by cardiologists using...
Anand K Gramopadhye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of team training on aircraft maintenance technicians computer based training versus instructor based training
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2001Co-Authors: David C Kraus, Anand K GramopadhyeAbstract:Abstract The backbone of a safe and reliable air transportation system is the aircraft maintenance technician. These individuals work in a complex environment requiring above average teamwork skills as they coordinate, communicate and cooperate with other technicians and inspectors as well as with other departments within their organization. New technologies, such as multimedia computers, may be able to provide the necessary training to enhance their teamwork skills and improve their performance. To determine the effectiveness and applicability of computer-based multimedia team training for aircraft maintenance technicians, a controlled study was conducted to examine the transfer effects of computer-based team training (CBT) on team performance in the aircraft maintenance environment. To facilitate the research, a computer-based multimedia tool – the aircraft maintenance team training (AMTT) software – was developed. Results of this study indicate that computer-based team training was as effective as traditional instructor based team training. Relevance to industry Though the advantages of teamwork in the airline industry are widely recognized, it is not readily supported by work cultures. Providing teamwork skills will improve both performance and safety. Moreover, the importance of team training has also been emphasized in the national plan for aviation in human factors.
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team training role of computers in the aircraft maintenance environment
Computers & Industrial Engineering, 1999Co-Authors: David Kraus, Anand K GramopadhyeAbstract:Abstract Research on civil aircraft inspection and maintenance has shown the importance of teamwork in the aircraft maintenance environment. In addition, training has been identified as one of the primary intervention strategies in improving team performance. With improvements in technology-based training devices, it may be possible to provide aircraft maintenance technicians with training tools to help enhance their team skills and improve performance with the aircraft maintenance environment. This research examines the effectiveness and applicability of computer-based multimedia team training for aircraft maintenance technicians. Using a computer-based multimedia training tool—the Aircraft Maintenance Team training (AMTT) software—a controlled study was conducted to: (1) evaluate the use of computers in acquiring knowledge on team skills, (2) determine the ease of use of a computer-based multimedia tool, and (3) determine if computer-based training was as effective as traditional instructor-based training. The results are reported as part of this paper.
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the use of advanced technology for visual inspection training
Applied Ergonomics, 1998Co-Authors: Anand K Gramopadhye, Sameer Bhagwat, D L Kimbler, Joel S GreensteinAbstract:In the past, training with traditional methods was shown to improve inspection performance. However, advances in technology have automated training and revolutionized the way training will be delivered in the future. Examples of such technology include computer-based simulators, digital interactive video, computer-based training, and intelligent tutoring systems. Despite the lower cost and increased availability of computer technology, the application of advanced technology to training within the manufacturing industry and specifically for inspection has been limited. In this vein, a case study is presented which shows how advanced technology along with our basic knowledge of training principles, can be used to develop a computer-based training program for a contact lens inspection task. Improvements due to computer-based inspection training were measured in an evaluation study and are reported.
Adrian Schwaninger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increasing x ray image interpretation competency of cargo security screeners
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2014Co-Authors: Stefan Michel, Marcia Mendes, Jaap C De Ruiter, Ger Koomen, Adrian SchwaningerAbstract:Abstract X-ray screening of containers and unit load devices in the area of cargo shipping is becoming an essential and common feature at ports and airports all over the world. The detection of prohibited items in X-ray images is a challenging task for screening officers as they need to know which items are prohibited and what they look like in X-ray images. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether X-ray image interpretation competency of cargo security screeners can be increased by computer-based training. More specifically, effects of training were investigated by conducting tests before training started and after approximately three months of training. Moreover, it was examined whether viewing X-ray images in pseudo color would lead to a better detection performance compared to when X-ray images are shown in greyscale. Recurrent computer-based training resulted in large performance increases after three months. No significant difference in detection performance could be found for tests when using X-ray images in greyscale vs. pseudo color. Relevance to industry Cargo X-ray screening is becoming a common feature at ports and airports. The identification and detection of prohibited items in X-ray images highly depends on human operators and their competences regarding X-ray image interpretation. Thus, research on appropriate training methods and enhancements of the human factor are essential to achieve and maintain high levels of security.
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airport security screener competency a cross sectional and longitudinal analysis
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Tobias Halbherr, Adrian Schwaninger, Glen R Budgell, Alan WalesAbstract:The performance of 5,717 aviation security screeners in detecting prohibited items in x-ray images of passenger bags was analyzed over a period of 4 years. The measure used in this study was detection performance on the X-Ray Competency Assessment Test (X-Ray CAT) and performance on this measure was obtained on an annual basis. Between tests, screeners performed varying amounts of training in the task of prohibited item detection using an adaptive computer-based training system called X-Ray Tutor (XRT). For both XRT and X-Ray CAT, prohibited items are categorized into guns, knives, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and other prohibited items. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the training and test data were performed. Both types of analysis revealed a strong improvement of X-Ray CAT performance as a result of XRT training for all 4 item categories. The results of the study indicate that screener competency in detecting prohibited items in x-ray images of passenger bags can be greatly improve...
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Investigating training, transfer and viewpoint effects resulting from recurrent CBT of X-Ray image interpretation
Journal of Transportation Security, 2008Co-Authors: Saskia M. Koller, Diana Hardmeier, Stefan Michel, Adrian SchwaningerAbstract:X-ray screening of passenger bags is an essential task at airport security checkpoints. In this study we investigated how well airport security screeners can detect guns, knives, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and other threat objects in X-ray images of passenger bags before and after 3 and 6 months of recurrent (about 20 min per week) computer-based training (CBT). Two experiments conducted at different airports gave very similar results. training with X-ray Tutor (XRT), an individually adaptive CBT, resulted in large performance increases, especially for detecting IEDs. While performance for detecting IEDs was initially substantially lower than for guns, IEDs could be detected as well as guns after several months of training. A large transfer effect was observed as well: training with XRT helped screeners recognize new threat objects that were similar in shape as the trained objects. Threat recognition was dependent on the rotation of the objects. If depicted from an unusual viewpoint, prohibited items were more difficult to recognize. The results were compared to two conventional (not adaptive) CBT systems. For one system no training and transfer effects were observed whereas small training and transfer effects were found for the other conventional CBT system.
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computer-based training Increases Efficiency in X-Ray Image Interpretation by Aviation Security Screeners
2007 41st Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Stefan Michel, J.c. De Ruiter, R. Moerland, Saskia M. Koller, Mike Hogervorst, Adrian SchwaningerAbstract:X-ray screening of passenger bags is an essential component of airport security. However, the most expensive equipment is of limited value, if the humans who operate it are not selected and trained appropriately. Scientific studies have shown that human performance in X-ray image interpretation depends critically on individual abilities and visual knowledge acquired through experience on the job and training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adaptive computer-based training for increasing the detection of guns, knives, improvised explosive devices (lEDs), and other prohibited items. 97 airport security screeners of a European airport participated in this study. At the beginning of the project all airport security screeners conducted the X-ray competency assessment test (X-ray CAT). Thereupon they received adaptive computer-based training (CBT) for about 4 months. Then they conducted the X-ray CAT the second time in the middle of the project This was followed by about 4 months of CBT and a third test with X-ray CAT at the end of the project. The goal was that each screener conducts at least one 20 minute training session per week. Substantial increases of detection performance were found as a result of training, which depended on the threat category (guns, lEDs, knives and other prohibited items). The largest training effects were found for lEDs. Additional analyses showed that training not only leads to an increase of detection performance but also results in faster response times when an X-ray image contains a threat object. Thus, recurrent CBT can be a powerful tool to increase efficiency in X-ray image interpretation by airport security screeners.