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Russell Spears - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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computer mediated Communication as a channel for social resistance the strategic side of side
Small Group Research, 2002Co-Authors: Russell Spears, Tom Postmes, Rolf Arne Corneliussen, Wouter Ter HaarAbstract:In two studies, the authors tested predictions derived from the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) concerning the potential of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) to serve as a means to resist powerful out-groups. Earlier research using the SIDE model indicates that the anonymity of virtual groups can accentuate the lower differentials associated with salient social identities: a cogntive effect. The present research builds on the strategic component of the SIDE model to show that CMC can alos provide a channel of social support fostering resistance. In Study 1, students were more likely to express opinions normative for their group but punishable by the out-group (faculty) when CDC was available, independent of mutual anonymity. In Study 2, the authors directly manipulated the proposed mediator, social support within CMC, and showed increased willingness to express normative attitudes against out-group interests as a function of support. These studies reveal the importance of CMC as a medium for communicating and coordinating the social support central to collective action.
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intergroup differentiation in computer mediated Communication effects of depersonalization
Group Dynamics: Theory Research and Practice, 2002Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:Two studies examined intergroup discussions via Computer-Mediated Communication systems. It was hypothesized that depersonalization, in comparison with individuated interaction, would increase the tendency for intergroup differentiation in attitudes and stereotypes, In Study 1, 24 groups communicated internationally over the Internet in a longitudinal design. Interacting groups, based in 2 different countries, were individuated versus partially unidentifiable, and thus depersonalized. Results indicate that depersonalized groups diverge, or bipolarize, when compared with individuated groups. A follow-up study demonstrated that under depersonalized conditions, individual differences are less salient, whereas group memberships are more salient. In addition, stereotypes were more salient in depersonalized conditions. Results support predictions derived from the social identity model of deindividuation effects.
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breaching or building social boundaries side effects of computer mediated Communication
In: R.L. Campbell (Ed.) Legal Issues in Electronic Commerce. Concord Ontario CA: Captus Press. ISBN: 1-55322-034-X. 2002.., 2002Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is sometimes heralded for its power to break down social boundaries and to liberate individuals from social influence, group pressure, and status and power differentials that characterize much face-to-face interaction. We review research conducted within the framework of the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) demonstrating that this is not always the case. When communicators share a common social identity, they appear to be more susceptible to group influence, social attraction, stereotyping, gender typing, and discrimination in anonymous CMC. Although CMC gives us the opportunity to traverse social boundaries, paradoxically, it can also afford these boundaries greater power, especially when they define self- and group identity.
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social influence in computer mediated Communication the effects of anonymity on group behavior
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2001Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Khaled Sakhel, Daphne De GrootAbstract:Two studies examined hypotheses derived from a Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE) as applied to social influence in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) in groups. This model predicts that anonymity can increase social influence if a common group identity is salient. In a first study, group members were primed with a certain type of social behavior (efficiency vs. prosocial norms). Consistent with the model, anonymous groups displayed prime-consistent behavior in their task solutions, whereas identifiable groups did not. This suggests that the primed norm took root in anonymous groups to a greater extent than in identifiable groups. A second study replicated this effect and showed that nonprimed group members conformed to the behavior of primed members, but only when anonymous, suggesting that the primed norm was socially transmitted within the group. Implications for social influence in small groups are discussed.
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the formation of group norms in computer mediated Communication
Human Communication Research, 2000Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:The formation of group norms in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) was examined among students who used e-mail as part of a course. A network analysis of group structures revealed that (a) content and form of Communication is normative, group norms defining Communication patterns within groups, (b) conformity to group norms increases over time, (c) Communication outside the group is governed by different social norms. Results show that norms prescribing a particular use of technology are socially constructed over time at the level of locally defined groups and also show that the influence of these norms is limited to the boundaries of the group. It is concluded that the process of social construction is restrained by social identities that become salient over the course of interaction via CMC. These findings complement experimental evidence that stresses the importance of normative influence in CMC.
Tom Postmes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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computer mediated Communication as a channel for social resistance the strategic side of side
Small Group Research, 2002Co-Authors: Russell Spears, Tom Postmes, Rolf Arne Corneliussen, Wouter Ter HaarAbstract:In two studies, the authors tested predictions derived from the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) concerning the potential of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) to serve as a means to resist powerful out-groups. Earlier research using the SIDE model indicates that the anonymity of virtual groups can accentuate the lower differentials associated with salient social identities: a cogntive effect. The present research builds on the strategic component of the SIDE model to show that CMC can alos provide a channel of social support fostering resistance. In Study 1, students were more likely to express opinions normative for their group but punishable by the out-group (faculty) when CDC was available, independent of mutual anonymity. In Study 2, the authors directly manipulated the proposed mediator, social support within CMC, and showed increased willingness to express normative attitudes against out-group interests as a function of support. These studies reveal the importance of CMC as a medium for communicating and coordinating the social support central to collective action.
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intergroup differentiation in computer mediated Communication effects of depersonalization
Group Dynamics: Theory Research and Practice, 2002Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:Two studies examined intergroup discussions via Computer-Mediated Communication systems. It was hypothesized that depersonalization, in comparison with individuated interaction, would increase the tendency for intergroup differentiation in attitudes and stereotypes, In Study 1, 24 groups communicated internationally over the Internet in a longitudinal design. Interacting groups, based in 2 different countries, were individuated versus partially unidentifiable, and thus depersonalized. Results indicate that depersonalized groups diverge, or bipolarize, when compared with individuated groups. A follow-up study demonstrated that under depersonalized conditions, individual differences are less salient, whereas group memberships are more salient. In addition, stereotypes were more salient in depersonalized conditions. Results support predictions derived from the social identity model of deindividuation effects.
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breaching or building social boundaries side effects of computer mediated Communication
In: R.L. Campbell (Ed.) Legal Issues in Electronic Commerce. Concord Ontario CA: Captus Press. ISBN: 1-55322-034-X. 2002.., 2002Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is sometimes heralded for its power to break down social boundaries and to liberate individuals from social influence, group pressure, and status and power differentials that characterize much face-to-face interaction. We review research conducted within the framework of the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) demonstrating that this is not always the case. When communicators share a common social identity, they appear to be more susceptible to group influence, social attraction, stereotyping, gender typing, and discrimination in anonymous CMC. Although CMC gives us the opportunity to traverse social boundaries, paradoxically, it can also afford these boundaries greater power, especially when they define self- and group identity.
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social influence in computer mediated Communication the effects of anonymity on group behavior
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2001Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Khaled Sakhel, Daphne De GrootAbstract:Two studies examined hypotheses derived from a Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE) as applied to social influence in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) in groups. This model predicts that anonymity can increase social influence if a common group identity is salient. In a first study, group members were primed with a certain type of social behavior (efficiency vs. prosocial norms). Consistent with the model, anonymous groups displayed prime-consistent behavior in their task solutions, whereas identifiable groups did not. This suggests that the primed norm took root in anonymous groups to a greater extent than in identifiable groups. A second study replicated this effect and showed that nonprimed group members conformed to the behavior of primed members, but only when anonymous, suggesting that the primed norm was socially transmitted within the group. Implications for social influence in small groups are discussed.
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the formation of group norms in computer mediated Communication
Human Communication Research, 2000Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:The formation of group norms in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) was examined among students who used e-mail as part of a course. A network analysis of group structures revealed that (a) content and form of Communication is normative, group norms defining Communication patterns within groups, (b) conformity to group norms increases over time, (c) Communication outside the group is governed by different social norms. Results show that norms prescribing a particular use of technology are socially constructed over time at the level of locally defined groups and also show that the influence of these norms is limited to the boundaries of the group. It is concluded that the process of social construction is restrained by social identities that become salient over the course of interaction via CMC. These findings complement experimental evidence that stresses the importance of normative influence in CMC.
Martin Lea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intergroup differentiation in computer mediated Communication effects of depersonalization
Group Dynamics: Theory Research and Practice, 2002Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:Two studies examined intergroup discussions via Computer-Mediated Communication systems. It was hypothesized that depersonalization, in comparison with individuated interaction, would increase the tendency for intergroup differentiation in attitudes and stereotypes, In Study 1, 24 groups communicated internationally over the Internet in a longitudinal design. Interacting groups, based in 2 different countries, were individuated versus partially unidentifiable, and thus depersonalized. Results indicate that depersonalized groups diverge, or bipolarize, when compared with individuated groups. A follow-up study demonstrated that under depersonalized conditions, individual differences are less salient, whereas group memberships are more salient. In addition, stereotypes were more salient in depersonalized conditions. Results support predictions derived from the social identity model of deindividuation effects.
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breaching or building social boundaries side effects of computer mediated Communication
In: R.L. Campbell (Ed.) Legal Issues in Electronic Commerce. Concord Ontario CA: Captus Press. ISBN: 1-55322-034-X. 2002.., 2002Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is sometimes heralded for its power to break down social boundaries and to liberate individuals from social influence, group pressure, and status and power differentials that characterize much face-to-face interaction. We review research conducted within the framework of the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) demonstrating that this is not always the case. When communicators share a common social identity, they appear to be more susceptible to group influence, social attraction, stereotyping, gender typing, and discrimination in anonymous CMC. Although CMC gives us the opportunity to traverse social boundaries, paradoxically, it can also afford these boundaries greater power, especially when they define self- and group identity.
-
the formation of group norms in computer mediated Communication
Human Communication Research, 2000Co-Authors: Tom Postmes, Russell Spears, Martin LeaAbstract:The formation of group norms in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) was examined among students who used e-mail as part of a course. A network analysis of group structures revealed that (a) content and form of Communication is normative, group norms defining Communication patterns within groups, (b) conformity to group norms increases over time, (c) Communication outside the group is governed by different social norms. Results show that norms prescribing a particular use of technology are socially constructed over time at the level of locally defined groups and also show that the influence of these norms is limited to the boundaries of the group. It is concluded that the process of social construction is restrained by social identities that become salient over the course of interaction via CMC. These findings complement experimental evidence that stresses the importance of normative influence in CMC.
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paralanguage and social perception in computer mediated Communication
Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 1992Co-Authors: Martin Lea, Russell SpearsAbstract:It is widely held that computer‐mediated Communication (CMC) filters out many of the social and affective cues associated with human interaction with consequent effects on Communication outcomes an...
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rationalist assumptions in cross media comparisons of computer mediated Communication
Behaviour & Information Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Martin LeaAbstract:Abstract Users' comparisons between Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and other forms of Communication are of theoretical interest and have important implications for system design and implementation. This paper outlines the prevalent systems-rationalist perspective on CMC, which sees the medium primarily as an efficient channel for information transfer in specific organizational tasks, and critically reviews the evidence that studies of users' perceptions and media preferences offer for this generalized view. In advocating a widening of our perspective on CMC, a field study is described in which electronic mail users within a large commercial teleCommunications company were invited to compare eight different Communication activities, using repertory grid technique. From a total of 91 user-generated constructs, five principal dimensions were identified that accounted for users' discriminations among the different activities. Electronic mailing was construed as being similar to written activities (such...
Douglas P. Twitchell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of classification methods for predicting deception in computer mediated Communication
Journal of Management Information Systems, 2004Co-Authors: Lina Zhou, Douglas P. Twitchell, Judee K. Burgoon, Tiantian Qin, Jay F. NunamakerAbstract:The increased chance of deception in Computer-Mediated Communication and the potential risk of taking action based on deceptive information calls for automatic detection of deception. To achieve the ultimate goal of automatic prediction of deception, we selected four common classification methods and empirically compared their performance in predicting deception. The deception and truth data were collected during two experimental studies. The results suggest that all of the four methods were promising for predicting deception with cues to deception. Among them, neural networks exhibited consistent performance and were robust across test settings. The comparisons also highlighted the importance of selecting important input variables and removing noise in an attempt to enhance the performance of classification methods. The selected cues offer both methodological and theoretical contributions to the body of deception and information systems research.
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Automating Linguistics-Based Cues for detecting deception in text-based asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication
Group Decision and Negotiation, 2004Co-Authors: Lina Zhou, Jay F. Nunamaker, Judee K. Burgoon, Douglas P. TwitchellAbstract:The detection of deception is a promising but challenging task. A systematic discussion of automated Linguistics Based Cues (LBC) to deception has rarely been touched before. The experiment studied the effectiveness of automated LBC in the context of text-based asynchronous computer mediated Communication (TA-CMC). Twenty-seven cues either extracted from the prior research or created for this study were clustered into nine linguistics constructs: quantity, diversity, complexity, specificity, expressivity, informality, affect, uncertainty, and non-immediacy. A test of the selected LBC in a simulated TA-CMC experiment showed that: (1) a systematic analysis of linguistic information could be useful in the detection of deception; (2) some existing LBC were effective as expected, while some others turned out in the opposite direction to the prediction of the prior research; and (3) some newly discovered linguistic constructs and their component LBC were helpful in differentiating deception from truth.
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an exploratory study into deception detection in text based computer mediated Communication
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Lina Zhou, Douglas P. Twitchell, Judee K. Burgoon, Tiantian Qin, Jay F. NunamakerAbstract:Deception is an everyday occurrence across all Communication media. The expansion of the Internet has significantly increased the amount of textual Communication received and stored by individuals and organizations. Inundated with massive amounts of textual information transmitted through Computer-Mediated Communication, CMC, people remain largely unsuccessful and inefficient in detecting those messages that may be deceptive. Creating an automated tool that could help people flag the possible deceptive messages in CMC is desirable, but first it is necessary to understand cues used to deceive in textual instances. This study focuses on the identification of deceptive cues deceivers use in a textual CMC environment. 30 dyads (n =14 truthful, n = 16 deceptive) were able to complete the desert survival problem. Findings have demonstrated significant differences between the content within truthful and deceptive messages. Several cues were also found to be significantly more present when deceivers write messages.
Lina Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of classification methods for predicting deception in computer mediated Communication
Journal of Management Information Systems, 2004Co-Authors: Lina Zhou, Douglas P. Twitchell, Judee K. Burgoon, Tiantian Qin, Jay F. NunamakerAbstract:The increased chance of deception in Computer-Mediated Communication and the potential risk of taking action based on deceptive information calls for automatic detection of deception. To achieve the ultimate goal of automatic prediction of deception, we selected four common classification methods and empirically compared their performance in predicting deception. The deception and truth data were collected during two experimental studies. The results suggest that all of the four methods were promising for predicting deception with cues to deception. Among them, neural networks exhibited consistent performance and were robust across test settings. The comparisons also highlighted the importance of selecting important input variables and removing noise in an attempt to enhance the performance of classification methods. The selected cues offer both methodological and theoretical contributions to the body of deception and information systems research.
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Automating Linguistics-Based Cues for detecting deception in text-based asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication
Group Decision and Negotiation, 2004Co-Authors: Lina Zhou, Jay F. Nunamaker, Judee K. Burgoon, Douglas P. TwitchellAbstract:The detection of deception is a promising but challenging task. A systematic discussion of automated Linguistics Based Cues (LBC) to deception has rarely been touched before. The experiment studied the effectiveness of automated LBC in the context of text-based asynchronous computer mediated Communication (TA-CMC). Twenty-seven cues either extracted from the prior research or created for this study were clustered into nine linguistics constructs: quantity, diversity, complexity, specificity, expressivity, informality, affect, uncertainty, and non-immediacy. A test of the selected LBC in a simulated TA-CMC experiment showed that: (1) a systematic analysis of linguistic information could be useful in the detection of deception; (2) some existing LBC were effective as expected, while some others turned out in the opposite direction to the prediction of the prior research; and (3) some newly discovered linguistic constructs and their component LBC were helpful in differentiating deception from truth.
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an exploratory study into deception detection in text based computer mediated Communication
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Lina Zhou, Douglas P. Twitchell, Judee K. Burgoon, Tiantian Qin, Jay F. NunamakerAbstract:Deception is an everyday occurrence across all Communication media. The expansion of the Internet has significantly increased the amount of textual Communication received and stored by individuals and organizations. Inundated with massive amounts of textual information transmitted through Computer-Mediated Communication, CMC, people remain largely unsuccessful and inefficient in detecting those messages that may be deceptive. Creating an automated tool that could help people flag the possible deceptive messages in CMC is desirable, but first it is necessary to understand cues used to deceive in textual instances. This study focuses on the identification of deceptive cues deceivers use in a textual CMC environment. 30 dyads (n =14 truthful, n = 16 deceptive) were able to complete the desert survival problem. Findings have demonstrated significant differences between the content within truthful and deceptive messages. Several cues were also found to be significantly more present when deceivers write messages.