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Gasque, Kelley Cristine Gonçalves Dias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Percepções e estratégias relacionadas ao “viés de confirmação” por pesquisadores no processo de busca e uso da informação
'Faculdade de Biblioteconomia Comunicacao', 2021Co-Authors: Gasque, Kelley Cristine Gonçalves DiasAbstract:This study analyzes the researchers’ perceptions of Confirmation Bias in the process of seeking and using information on the academic context. It has been configured as a case study carried out at the Department of Information Science at the University of Brasília – Brazil. The data collection instrument chosen was a focus group of nine researchers. Data treatment was through content analysis. Results show that, for the researchers, the main causes of Confirmation Bias regard the desire to succeed and the lack of qualified educational and scientific training, as well as the fact that some topics are more controversial. The impacts of the Confirmation Bias on the researchers’ lives include changes that may relate to reasoning, point of view or even personal issues. The consequences for science are the contamination of results and of the direction of science, which lead to discussions on ethics and integrity. Reducing the Confirmation Bias requires the joint contribution of the researchers themselves, scientific society and society in general. The results highlight the importance of an education focused on research associated with information literacy, which would enable students to deal effectively and efficiently with information, especially with the technical-scientific one that fosters science.A pesquisa analisou as percepções de pesquisadores relacionadas ao viés de confirmação, no processo de busca e uso da informação, dentro do contexto acadêmico. A pesquisa configura-se como estudo de caso, realizado na Faculdade de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de Brasília – Brasil. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi grupo focal, com participação de nove pesquisadores. O tratamento de dados foi realizado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que, para os pesquisadores, as principais causas do viés de confirmação relacionam-se ao desejo de dar certo e à ausência de uma formação educacional e científica de qualidade, bem como a questão de alguns temas serem mais controversos. Os impactos dele na vida dos pesquisadores consistem em mudanças que podem ser de raciocínio, de ponto de vista ou, ainda, pessoal. As consequências para a ciência são a contaminação dos resultados e o direcionamento da ciência, o que leva às discussões sobre ética e integridade. A sua redução requer a contribuição conjunta dos próprios pesquisadores, da sociedade científica e da sociedade de maneira geral. Os resultados evidenciam a importância da educação voltada para a pesquisa agregada ao letramento informacional, que possibilitará aos estudantes lidar de forma eficaz e eficiente com a informação, em especial, a técnico-científica, fomento da ciência
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Percepções e estratégias relacionadas ao “viés de confirmação” por pesquisadores no processo de busca e uso da informação
2020Co-Authors: Gasque, Kelley Cristine Gonçalves DiasAbstract:A pesquisa analisou as percepções de pesquisadores relacionadas ao “viés de confirmação” no processo de busca e uso da informação, no contexto acadêmico. A pesquisa configura-se como estudo de caso realizado na Faculdade de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de Brasília – Brasil. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi grupo focal, com participação de nove pesquisadores. O tratamento de dados foi realizado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que para os pesquisadores as principais causas do “viés de confirmação” relacionam-se ao “desejo de dar certo” e à ausência de uma formação educacional e científica de qualidade, bem como a questão de alguns temas serem mais controversos. Os impactos do “viés de confirmação” na vida dos pesquisadores consistem em mudanças, que podem ser de raciocínio, de ponto de vista ou ainda, pessoal. As consequências para a ciência são a contaminação dos resultados e o direcionamento da ciência, o que leva a discussão sobre ética e integridade. A redução do “viés de confirmação” requer a contribuição conjunta dos próprios pesquisadores, da sociedade científica e da sociedade, de maneira geral. Os resultados evidenciam a importância da educação voltada para a pesquisa agregada ao letramento informacional, que possibilita aos estudantes lidar eficaz e eficientemente com a informação, em especial, a técnico-científica, fomento da ciência.This study analyzes the researchers’ perceptions of Confirmation Bias in the process of seeking and using information on the academic context. It has been configured as a case study carried out at the Department of Information Science at the University of Brasília - Brazil. The data collection instrument chosen was a focus group of nine researchers. Data treatment was through content analysis. Results show that, for the researchers, the main causes of Confirmation Bias regard the “desire to succeed” and the lack of qualified educational and scientific training, as well as the fact that some topics are more controversial. The impacts of the Confirmation Bias on the researchers’ lives include changes that may relate to reasoning, point of view or even personal issues. The consequences for science are the contamination of results and of the direction of science, which lead to discussions on ethics and integrity. Reducing the Confirmation Bias requires the joint contribution of the researchers themselves, scientific society and society in general. The results highlight the importance of an education focused on research associated with information literacy, which would enable students to deal effectively and efficiently with information, especially with the technical-scientific one that fosters science
Silvia Knoblochwesterwick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Confirmation Bias ingroup Bias and negativity Bias in selective exposure to political information
Communication Research, 2020Co-Authors: Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Cornelia Mothes, Nick PolavinAbstract:Selective reading of political online information was examined based on cognitive dissonance, social identity, and news values frameworks. Online reports were displayed to 156 Americans while selec...
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pick and choose opinion climate how browsing of political messages shapes public opinion perceptions and attitudes
Communication Monographs, 2019Co-Authors: Daniel Sude, Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Melissa J Robinson, Axel WesterwickAbstract:ABSTRACTHigh-choice media environments allow people to cocoon themselves with like-minded messages (Confirmation Bias), which could shape both individual attitudes and perceived prevalence of opini...
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selecting serious or satirical supporting or stirring news selective exposure to partisan versus mockery news online videos
Journal of Communication, 2017Co-Authors: Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Simon M LavisAbstract:The present investigation combines cognitive dissonance theory with entertainment-education frameworks to study selection and effects of news. Selective exposure to satirical and partisan news was examined with online clips to test hypotheses on overcoming resistance to persuasive messages. An experiment (n = 146) presented news choices, varied in stance (conservative vs. liberal) and format (serious partisan news vs. satirical news). Results show political interest fosters selection of serious partisan news. Clips with partisan alignment were more frequently selected; only for the satirical news clips, Democrats did not exhibit such Confirmation Bias. Selecting satirical news affected internal political efficacy, and selecting online news clips induced attitude reinforcement according to message stance.
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political online information searching in germany and the united states Confirmation Bias source credibility and attitude impacts
Journal of Communication, 2015Co-Authors: Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Benjamin K Johnson, Axel Westerwick, Cornelia Mothes, Wolfgang DonsbachAbstract:Before the 2013 German federal election, 121 participants completed a 2-session online study (which paralleled a U.S. study before the 2012 presidential election). They browsed online search results pertaining to 4 political issues while selective exposure was unobtrusively measured. In a 4 × 2 × 2 (topic × issue stance × source credibility) within-subjects design, the search results indicated either issue support or opposition, associated with low- or high-credibility sources. Hypotheses were derived from cognitive dissonance, approach-avoidance, and motivated cognition models. Findings yielded a Confirmation Bias. Attitude-consistent exposure uniformly reinforced attitudes; attitude-discrepant exposure uniformly weakened attitudes. Analyses with parallel U.S. data showed a stronger Confirmation Bias in the United States than in Germany.
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Confirmation Bias in online searches impacts of selective exposure before an election on political attitude strength and shifts
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 2015Co-Authors: Silvia Knoblochwesterwick, Benjamin K Johnson, Axel WesterwickAbstract:Impacts of Internet use on political information seeking and subsequent processes have been subject to much debate. A 2-session online field study presented online search results on political topics to examine selective exposure and its attitudinal impacts. Session 1 captured attitudes, including their accessibility. Session 2 tracked what online search results participants selected and how long they read them; participants then reported attitudes again. The study represented a 4x8x2x2 within-subjects design: 4 topics, 8 browsing intervals each, with articles presenting opposing stances, with low versus high source credibility. Attitude-consistent messages and messages from high-credibility sources were preferred. Exposure to attitude-consistent search results increased attitude accessibility and reinforced attitudes, whereas exposure to attitude-discrepant content had opposite effects, regardless of messages' source credibility.
Daniel H. Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cognitive dissonance motivated reasoning and Confirmation Bias applications in industrial organization
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel F Stone, Daniel H. WoodAbstract:Three concepts from psychology – cognitive dissonance, motivated reasoning, and Confirmation Bias – are perhaps surprisingly closely related and have been used productively in a variety of fields in economics, more so over time. These concepts are relevant to the field of industrial organization as they help explain how consumer tastes and beliefs about product qualities are determined, change, are perceived and misperceived, and related to firm responses. The concepts have been applied in existing industrial organization research, but to a limited extent, and we speculate that future work could benefit from applying these concepts more extensively.
Barbara R Holland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new phylogenetic protocol dealing with model misspecification and Confirmation Bias in molecular phylogenetics
NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, 2020Co-Authors: Lars S Jermiin, Renee A Catullo, Barbara R HollandAbstract:Molecular phylogenetics plays a key role in comparative genomics and has increasingly significant impacts on science, industry, government, public health and society. In this paper, we posit that the current phylogenetic protocol is missing two critical steps, and that their absence allows model misspecification and Confirmation Bias to unduly influence phylogenetic estimates. Based on the potential offered by well-established but under-used procedures, such as assessment of phylogenetic assumptions and tests of goodness of fit, we introduce a new phylogenetic protocol that will reduce Confirmation Bias and increase the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates.
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a new phylogenetic protocol dealing with model misspecification and Confirmation Bias in molecular phylogenetics
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Lars S Jermiin, Renee A Catullo, Barbara R HollandAbstract:Molecular phylogenetics plays a key role in comparative genomics and has an increasingly-significant impact on science, industry, government, public health, and society. We report that the current phylogenetic protocol is missing two critical steps, and that their absence allows model misspecification and Confirmation Bias to unduly influence the phylogenetic estimates. Based on the potential offered by well-established but under-used procedures (i.e., assessment of phylogenetic assumptions and test of goodness-of-fit), we introduce a new phylogenetic protocol that will reduce Confirmation Bias and increase the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates.
Renee A Catullo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new phylogenetic protocol dealing with model misspecification and Confirmation Bias in molecular phylogenetics
NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, 2020Co-Authors: Lars S Jermiin, Renee A Catullo, Barbara R HollandAbstract:Molecular phylogenetics plays a key role in comparative genomics and has increasingly significant impacts on science, industry, government, public health and society. In this paper, we posit that the current phylogenetic protocol is missing two critical steps, and that their absence allows model misspecification and Confirmation Bias to unduly influence phylogenetic estimates. Based on the potential offered by well-established but under-used procedures, such as assessment of phylogenetic assumptions and tests of goodness of fit, we introduce a new phylogenetic protocol that will reduce Confirmation Bias and increase the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates.
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a new phylogenetic protocol dealing with model misspecification and Confirmation Bias in molecular phylogenetics
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Lars S Jermiin, Renee A Catullo, Barbara R HollandAbstract:Molecular phylogenetics plays a key role in comparative genomics and has an increasingly-significant impact on science, industry, government, public health, and society. We report that the current phylogenetic protocol is missing two critical steps, and that their absence allows model misspecification and Confirmation Bias to unduly influence the phylogenetic estimates. Based on the potential offered by well-established but under-used procedures (i.e., assessment of phylogenetic assumptions and test of goodness-of-fit), we introduce a new phylogenetic protocol that will reduce Confirmation Bias and increase the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates.