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Nina Lindberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Firesetting and general criminal recidivism among a Consecutive Sample of Finnish pretrial male firesetters: A register-based follow-up study.
Psychiatry research, 2017Co-Authors: Annika Thomson, Matti Virkkunen, Jari Tiihonen, Jouko Miettunen, Nina LindbergAbstract:The rate of criminal reoffending among firesetters varies greatly. Our aim was to investigate firesetting and general criminal recidivism in a Consecutive Sample of Finnish males who were sent for a forensic psychiatric examination (FPE)1 after committing firesetting offenses. We also wanted to evaluate the relationships between psychopathy and criminal recidivism, and between schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and criminal recidivism. The Sample comprised 113 firesetters with a mean age of 32.8 years, and the average follow-up time was 16.9 years. The FPE statements of the firesetters were reviewed and psychiatric diagnoses were collected. The psychopathy assessments were based on the 20-item Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Information on reoffending was gathered from the Finnish National Police Register. During the follow-up 20 (18%) persons were registered for a new firesetting and 84 (74%) for any new offense. Firesetters with high traits (PCL-R ≥ 25) of psychopathy were more likely than those with low traits (PCL-R < 25) to reoffend with any crime during the follow-up. The risk of general criminal recidivism was lower among firesetters with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder than among those with non-psychotic disorders. Conclusively, both firesetting and general criminal-recidivism rates were high in this Sample of offenders.
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Psychopathic traits among a Consecutive Sample of Finnish pretrial fire-setting offenders
BMC psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Annika Thomson, Matti Virkkunen, Jari Tiihonen, Jouko Miettunen, Eila Sailas, Nina LindbergAbstract:Psychopathy, a severe disorder of personality, is well represented in the criminal and forensic psychiatric population and is significantly associated with increased risk of violence and crime. Fire-setting is a major source of property damage, injury, and death in many Western countries. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate psychopathic traits in a Consecutive Sample of Finnish male pretrial fire-setting offenders. Further, we wanted to investigate whether fire-setting recidivists show higher traits of psychopathy than one-time firesetters and whether exclusive firesetters show lower traits of psychopathy than those with criminal versatility.
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Psychopathic traits and offender characteristics – a nationwide Consecutive Sample of homicidal male adolescents
BMC psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Nina Lindberg, Matti Holi, Taina Laajasalo, Hanna Putkonen, Ghitta Weizmann-henelius, Helinä Häkkänen-nyholmAbstract:The aim of the study was to evaluate psychopathy-like personality traits in a nationwide Consecutive Sample of adolescent male homicide offenders and to compare the findings with those of a randomly Sampled adult male homicide offender group. A further aim was to investigate associations between psychopathic traits and offender and offence characteristics in adolescent homicides. Forensic psychiatric examination reports and crime reports of all 15 to19- year- old male Finnish offenders who had been subjected to a forensic psychiatric examination and convicted for a homicide during 1995–2004 were collected (n = 57). A random Sample of 57 adult male homicide offenders was selected as a comparison group. Offence and offender characteristics were collected from the files and a file-based assessment of psychopathic traits was performed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) by trained raters. No significant differences existed between the adolescents and adults in PCL-R total scores, factor 2 (social deviance) scores, or in facets 3 (lifestyle) and 4 (antisocial). Adults scored significantly higher on factor 1 (interpersonal/affective) and facets 1 (interpersonal) and 2 (affective). The adolescent group was divided into two subgroups according to PCL-R total scores. One in five homicidal male adolescents met criteria for psychopathic personality using a PCL-R total score of 26 or higher. These boys significantly more often had a crime history before the index homicide, more frequently used excessive violence during the index homicide, more rarely lived with both parents until 16 years of age, had more institutional or foster home placements in childhood, had more school difficulties, more often had received special education, and, more often had contact with mental health services prior to age 18 years than boys scoring low on the PCL-R. They also more often had parental criminal history as well as homicide history of parents or near relatives than the group scoring low on the PCL-R. Homicidal boys behaved as antisocially as the homicidal adults. The adults, however, showed more both affective and interpersonal features of psychopathy. Homicidal adolescents with psychopathy-like personality character form a special subgroup among other homicidal youngsters. Recognizing their characteristics, especially in life course development, would facilitate effective prevention and intervention efforts.
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psychopathic traits and offender characteristics a nationwide Consecutive Sample of homicidal male adolescents
BMC Psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Nina Lindberg, Matti Holi, Taina Laajasalo, Hanna Putkonen, Ghitta Weizmannhenelius, Helina HakkanennyholmAbstract:The aim of the study was to evaluate psychopathy-like personality traits in a nationwide Consecutive Sample of adolescent male homicide offenders and to compare the findings with those of a randomly Sampled adult male homicide offender group. A further aim was to investigate associations between psychopathic traits and offender and offence characteristics in adolescent homicides. Forensic psychiatric examination reports and crime reports of all 15 to19- year- old male Finnish offenders who had been subjected to a forensic psychiatric examination and convicted for a homicide during 1995–2004 were collected (n = 57). A random Sample of 57 adult male homicide offenders was selected as a comparison group. Offence and offender characteristics were collected from the files and a file-based assessment of psychopathic traits was performed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) by trained raters. No significant differences existed between the adolescents and adults in PCL-R total scores, factor 2 (social deviance) scores, or in facets 3 (lifestyle) and 4 (antisocial). Adults scored significantly higher on factor 1 (interpersonal/affective) and facets 1 (interpersonal) and 2 (affective). The adolescent group was divided into two subgroups according to PCL-R total scores. One in five homicidal male adolescents met criteria for psychopathic personality using a PCL-R total score of 26 or higher. These boys significantly more often had a crime history before the index homicide, more frequently used excessive violence during the index homicide, more rarely lived with both parents until 16 years of age, had more institutional or foster home placements in childhood, had more school difficulties, more often had received special education, and, more often had contact with mental health services prior to age 18 years than boys scoring low on the PCL-R. They also more often had parental criminal history as well as homicide history of parents or near relatives than the group scoring low on the PCL-R. Homicidal boys behaved as antisocially as the homicidal adults. The adults, however, showed more both affective and interpersonal features of psychopathy. Homicidal adolescents with psychopathy-like personality character form a special subgroup among other homicidal youngsters. Recognizing their characteristics, especially in life course development, would facilitate effective prevention and intervention efforts.
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looking for pyromania characteristics of a Consecutive Sample of finnish male criminals with histories of recidivist fire setting between 1973 and 1993
BMC Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Nina Lindberg, Matti Holi, Pekka Tani, Matti VirkkunenAbstract:As pyromania is a rare diagnosis with questionable validity, we aimed to describe a forensic psychiatric population of arson recidivists. The medical records as well as the forensic psychiatric examination statements of 90 arson recidivists referred for pretrial psychiatric assessment in Helsinki University Hospital Department of Forensic Psychiatry between 1973 and 1993 were reviewed. The most important diagnostic categories of arson recidivists were personality disorders, psychosis and mental retardation, often with comorbid alcoholism. In all, 68% of arsonists were under alcohol intoxication during the index crime. Psychotic as well as mentally retarded persons with repeated fire-setting behaviour were mostly "pure arsonists"- persons guilty only of arsons during their criminal careers. Arson recidivists with personality disorder, in contrast, often exhibited various types of criminal behaviour and arson appeared to be only one expression of a wide range of criminal activity. Comorbid alcoholism was apparently a more rarely observed phenomenon among pure arsonists than in "nonpure arsonists". We found only three subjects fulfilling the present diagnostic criteria for pyromania. Using the criteria of the DSM-IV-TR, pyromania must be regarded as an extremely rare phenomenon. Especially the question of substance intoxication as an exclusion criterion for pyromania should be reconsidered.
Matti Virkkunen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Firesetting and general criminal recidivism among a Consecutive Sample of Finnish pretrial male firesetters: A register-based follow-up study.
Psychiatry research, 2017Co-Authors: Annika Thomson, Matti Virkkunen, Jari Tiihonen, Jouko Miettunen, Nina LindbergAbstract:The rate of criminal reoffending among firesetters varies greatly. Our aim was to investigate firesetting and general criminal recidivism in a Consecutive Sample of Finnish males who were sent for a forensic psychiatric examination (FPE)1 after committing firesetting offenses. We also wanted to evaluate the relationships between psychopathy and criminal recidivism, and between schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and criminal recidivism. The Sample comprised 113 firesetters with a mean age of 32.8 years, and the average follow-up time was 16.9 years. The FPE statements of the firesetters were reviewed and psychiatric diagnoses were collected. The psychopathy assessments were based on the 20-item Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Information on reoffending was gathered from the Finnish National Police Register. During the follow-up 20 (18%) persons were registered for a new firesetting and 84 (74%) for any new offense. Firesetters with high traits (PCL-R ≥ 25) of psychopathy were more likely than those with low traits (PCL-R < 25) to reoffend with any crime during the follow-up. The risk of general criminal recidivism was lower among firesetters with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder than among those with non-psychotic disorders. Conclusively, both firesetting and general criminal-recidivism rates were high in this Sample of offenders.
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Psychopathic traits among a Consecutive Sample of Finnish pretrial fire-setting offenders
BMC psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Annika Thomson, Matti Virkkunen, Jari Tiihonen, Jouko Miettunen, Eila Sailas, Nina LindbergAbstract:Psychopathy, a severe disorder of personality, is well represented in the criminal and forensic psychiatric population and is significantly associated with increased risk of violence and crime. Fire-setting is a major source of property damage, injury, and death in many Western countries. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate psychopathic traits in a Consecutive Sample of Finnish male pretrial fire-setting offenders. Further, we wanted to investigate whether fire-setting recidivists show higher traits of psychopathy than one-time firesetters and whether exclusive firesetters show lower traits of psychopathy than those with criminal versatility.
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looking for pyromania characteristics of a Consecutive Sample of finnish male criminals with histories of recidivist fire setting between 1973 and 1993
BMC Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Nina Lindberg, Matti Holi, Pekka Tani, Matti VirkkunenAbstract:As pyromania is a rare diagnosis with questionable validity, we aimed to describe a forensic psychiatric population of arson recidivists. The medical records as well as the forensic psychiatric examination statements of 90 arson recidivists referred for pretrial psychiatric assessment in Helsinki University Hospital Department of Forensic Psychiatry between 1973 and 1993 were reviewed. The most important diagnostic categories of arson recidivists were personality disorders, psychosis and mental retardation, often with comorbid alcoholism. In all, 68% of arsonists were under alcohol intoxication during the index crime. Psychotic as well as mentally retarded persons with repeated fire-setting behaviour were mostly "pure arsonists"- persons guilty only of arsons during their criminal careers. Arson recidivists with personality disorder, in contrast, often exhibited various types of criminal behaviour and arson appeared to be only one expression of a wide range of criminal activity. Comorbid alcoholism was apparently a more rarely observed phenomenon among pure arsonists than in "nonpure arsonists". We found only three subjects fulfilling the present diagnostic criteria for pyromania. Using the criteria of the DSM-IV-TR, pyromania must be regarded as an extremely rare phenomenon. Especially the question of substance intoxication as an exclusion criterion for pyromania should be reconsidered.
Lajos Kemény - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Occurrence, Chronicity and Intensity of Itch in a Clinical Consecutive Sample of Patients with Skin Diseases: A Multi-centre Study in 13 European Countries.
Acta dermato-venereologica, 2019Co-Authors: Christina Schut, Florence Dalgard, Jon Anders Halvorsen, Uwe Gieler, Lars Lien, Lucía Tomás Aragonés, Françoise Poot, Gregor B.e. Jemec, Laurent Misery, Lajos KeményAbstract:Itch is an unpleasant symptom, affecting many dermatological patients. Studies investigating the occurrence and intensity of itch in dermatological patients often focus on a single skin disease and omit a control group with healthy skin. The aim of this multi-centre study was to assess the occurrence, chronicity and intensity (visual analogue scale 0–10) of itch in patients with different skin diseases and healthy-skin controls. Out of 3,530 dermatological patients, 54.3% reported itch (mean ± standard deviation itch intensity 5.5 ± 2.5), while out of 1,094 healthy-skin controls 8% had itch (3.6 ± 2.3). Chronic itch was reported by 36.9% of the patients and 4.7% of the healthy-skin controls. Itch was most frequent (occurrence rates higher than 80%) in patients with unclassified pruritus, prurigo and related conditions, atopic dermatitis and hand eczema. However, many patients with psychodermatological conditions and naevi also reported itch (occurrence rates higher than 19%).
Michael W. Wiederman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The relationship between borderline personality symptoms and body mass index in a Consecutive Sample of cardiac stress test patients.
Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2012Co-Authors: Randy A. Sansone, Nathaniel Dittoe, H. S. Hahn, Michael W. WiedermanAbstract:Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by inherent difficulties with self-regulation. While a number of studies have examined the relationship between BPD and body mass index (BMI)/overweight/obesity, findings have been mixed. In this cross-sectional study of a Consecutive Sample of 238 participants presenting for cardiac stress testing, we investigated the relationship between borderline personality symptoms, according to two self-report measures, and BMI. Compared to participants who were negative on both measures of borderline personality symptoms, participants who were positive on either measure of borderline personality symptoms demonstrated no differences in current BMI or highest BMI in adulthood. These results in a unique study population mirror the findings of other studies in medical and community populations.
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The relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality symptomatology in a Consecutive Sample of cardiac stress test patients.
International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 2011Co-Authors: Randy A. Sansone, Nathaniel Dittoe, Harvey S. Hahn, Michael W. WiedermanAbstract:AbstractObjective. In this study, we examined relationships between five types of childhood trauma and two measures of borderline personality symptomatology in a non-psychiatric clinical population in order to assess a potential association between these variables in a non-psychiatric-treatment-seeking population. Method. Using a cross-sectional Sample and a survey approach in 250 Consecutive patients presenting for cardiac stress testing, we explored self-reported histories of five types of childhood trauma (i.e. witnessing violence, physical neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse), several aspects of past mental healthcare, and borderline personality symptomatology using two self-report measures (the borderline personality disorder scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 and the Self-Harm Inventory). Results. All relationships between the individual forms of trauma and total number of childhood traumas, and measures of borderline personality symptomatology, attained statistic...
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The prevalence of borderline personality disorder in a Consecutive Sample of cardiac stress test patients.
The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Randy A. Sansone, Nathaniel Dittoe, Harvey S. Hahn, Michael W. WiedermanAbstract:To the Editor: There are a number of empirical studies that have examined prevalence rates of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in various medical syndromes. Elevated rates of BPD have been associated with somatoform and fictitious disorders1; somatic preoccupation2; medically self-harming behavior among both psychiatric inpatients3 and internal medicine outpatients4; interference with wound healing5; chronic pain sydnromes6; various other “syndrome-like” conditions (eg, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia) as well as osteoarthritis, diabetes, and hypertension7; and medical disorders such as hypertension, hepatic disease, cardiovascular disease, and “any assessed medical condition.”8 However, several studies report rates of BPD in specific medical populations that are comparable to rates for the disorder encountered in the general population (eg, various pain syndromes,9,10 pain medication use,11 and various psychophysiologic disorders10). Indeed, the factors that influence associations between BPD and various medical phenomena are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the prevalence of BPD in a Consecutive Sample of cardiac stress test patients to determine if cardiac symptoms might be overrepresented among individuals with BPD. Method. Participants in this study were Consecutive male or female patients aged 18 years or older undergoing cardiac stress testing in a community hospital from June 6, 2010, to September 3, 2010. The Sample was drawn from a middle-to-high socioeconomic suburb of a medium-sized midwestern city. Exclusion criteria were medical (eg, pain), psychiatric (eg, psychosis), or intellectual disturbances that would preclude the successful completion of a survey booklet. Two recruiters approached 302 candidates and enrolled 251 participants, for a response rate of 83.1%. Among the 251 participants, 118 were male and 133 female; age ranged from 20 to 91 years (mean = 58.00, SD = 13.85). The large majority were white (93.2%), followed by black (3.2%), Native American (1.6%), other ethnicity (1.2%), and Asian (0.4%). One respondent (0.4%) did not indicate ethnicity. With regard to education attainment, 19 (7.6%) had not finished high school, 73 (29.1%) had only a high school diploma, 74 (29.5%) had attended college but had no degree, 12 (4.8%) had earned a 2-year degree, 31 (12.4%) had earned a 4-year degree, and 39 (15.5%) had earned a graduate degree. Three respondents (1.2%) did not indicate their educational attainment. Following an explanation of the research project and the signing of consent forms, each participant completed a survey booklet that explored demographic information and contained 2 measures of BPD: (1) the BPD scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-412 (PDQ-4) and (2) the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI).13 Survey booklets were then placed in sealed envelopes and stored, pending analysis. This project was approved by the institutional review boards of the participating hospital and the local university. Results. Using the traditional cutoff scores of 5 for each meaure, 15 individuals (6.0%) scored positively on the PDQ-4 and 12 (4.8%) scored positively on the SHI; 5 (2.0%) scored positively on both measures, whereas 22 (8.8%) scored positively on either one measure or the other. In comparing the demographic profiles between those respondents who scored positively on either measure versus those respondents who scored negatively on both measures, there were no differences with regard to sex (χ2 = 0.58, P < .51). Similarly, there were no between-group differences in comparing white respondents to respondents of any other race (χ2 = 2.09, P < .15) or respondents with no more than a high school education to those with at least some college education (χ2 = 0.01, P < .95). However, those who scored positively on either measure of BPD were younger (mean = 48.77 years, SD = 13.01) on average compared to those who scored negatively on both measures of BPD (mean = 58.91 years, SD = 13.66) (F1,248 = 11.14, P < .001). How do the preceding rates in this study compare with general community rates? While the DSM-IV-TR states that the prevalence of BPD in the general population is 2%, Grant et al,14 in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, found a prevalence rate for BPD of 5.9%. With the exception of the percentage of respondents who were positive on either one measure or the other (but not both), all remaining prevalence findings in this study are at or below the recent US community prevalence rate determined by Grant et al.14 In other words, we did not find elevated rates of BPD in this Sample of patients undergoing cardiac stress testing. A number of factors may explain these findings. First, individuals with BPD may gravitate away from disorders with definitive diagnoses (ie, cardiac disease). Second, the higher socioeconomic level of the study's geographic area may have precluded lower-functioning individuals with BPD. Third, referring clinicians and participating cardiologists may have deferred for cardiac stress testing those individuals with somatic features. Fourth, BPD measures with symptom criteria that are based on studies in younger populations (eg, self-cutting) may have underdetected symptoms in an older population. This is the first study to examine the prevalence of BPD in a population undergoing cardiac stress testing. Findings are potentially limited by the use of self-report measures for BPD. However, self-report measures run the risk of being overinclusive, and the prevalence rates for BPD in this study generally did not exceed general population norms. In addition, we used 2 measures of BPD, obtained a Consecutive Sample, and captured a reasonable Sample size of patients. According to these findings, BPD is not overrepresented among patients who are referred for cardiac stress testing.
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The prevalence of self-harm behaviors in a Consecutive Sample of cardiac stress test patients.
International journal of psychiatry in medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Randy A. Sansone, Nathaniel Dittoe, Harvey S. Hahn, Michael W. WiedermanAbstract:While self-harm behavior has been studied in various psychiatric populations, particularly the behaviors of suicide attempts and completions, little empirical data exists on the lifetime prevalence of various self-harm behaviors in non-psychiatric populations. In the present study, using a cross-sectional approach and a self-report survey methodology, we examined the lifetime prevalence of 22 self-harm behaviors in a Consecutive Sample of 250 patients undergoing cardiac stress testing. Results indicated that abuse alcohol was most common (17.2%) followed by promiscuity (10.4%); 6% reported a previous suicide atatempt. Findings indicate areas of clinician inquiry for self-harm behaviors in non-psychiatric patients.
Kylie Fitzgerald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Life satisfaction and musculoskeletal complaints in a population seeking osteopathy care: Consecutive Sample of 611 patients.
Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2020Co-Authors: Brett Vaughan, Jane Mulcahy, Thomas Allen, Emi Coupe, David Gobbo, Leila Nasser, Karen Pain, Kylie FitzgeraldAbstract:Life satisfaction is a component of the subjective well-being construct. Research consistently suggests that life satisfaction is associated with enhanced social benefits and improved health outcomes. However, its relationship to musculoskeletal health outcomes is underexplored. This study evaluates the life satisfaction of a patient population presenting with musculoskeletal complaints, and the relationship of life satisfaction with other health demographics and behaviours. The study used a Consecutive sampling design. Patients attending the Victoria University Osteopathy Clinic (Melbourne, Australia) were invited to complete the PROMIS® General Life Satisfaction scale (GLSS) along with questions related to health demographics and behaviours. The GLSS T-score was not significantly different for gender, being born outside of Australia, speaking English at home, or complaint chronicity. Life satisfaction did not appear to be related to a range of health and demographic variables in the current musculoskeletal pain cohort. The PROMIS® General Life Satisfaction scale could prove useful to explore the relationship between life satisfaction and treatment outcomes for musculoskeletal complaints.