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Bart Nicolai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of Controlled Atmosphere Storage on the quality attributes and volatile organic compounds profile of dragon fruit hylocereus undatus
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2021
    Co-Authors: Dinh T Tran, Maarten Hertog, Bart Nicolai
    Abstract:

    Abstract The short shelf-life of dragon fruit is one of the inhibiting factors for the export of Vietnamese dragon fruit to distant markets. This study aimed at finding an optimal Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage condition for dragon fruit by studying the effect of CA Storage on fruit quality and its volatile organic compounds profile. Dragon fruit were stored at 4 different CA conditions and at ambient air as a control treatment. At harvest and at day 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50, different fruit quality attributes were measured, including scale color, firmness, electrolyte leakage, soluble solids content, total acidity, respiration rate, and disease score. Sensory evaluation and aroma analysis were also performed. The results revealed that CA Storage significantly reduced the yellowing of the scales and maintained fruit acidity. The CA condition of 2 kPa O2 + 5 kPa CO2 at 6 °C seemed to be optimal for dragon fruit Storage. Normal senescence caused the loss of many volatiles, while low O2 and high CO2 level had an opposite impact on the concentration of fermentation products. However, these volatile changes did not significantly impact on the sensory quality of the fruit during Storage.

  • a novel type of dynamic Controlled Atmosphere Storage based on the respiratory quotient rq dca
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Niels Bessemans, Pieter Verboven, Bert Verlinden, Bart Nicolai
    Abstract:

    Abstract A novel type of dynamic Controlled Atmosphere Storage (RQ-DCA) was developed to control O 2 and CO 2 partial pressures in Storage containers for apple fruit automatically, based on measurements of the stored fruit respiratory quotient (RQ). ‘Granny Smith’ apples were stored under RQ-DCA and the effect on fruit quality immediately after Storage as well as during subsequent shelf life was investigated and compared to the effect of regular CA and regular CA Storage with 1-MCP (SmartFresh SM ) treatment. The RQ-DCA system managed to control O 2 and CO 2 partial pressures in the Storage container in an autonomous way. During RQ-DCA Storage, the RQ breakpoint was found to vary between 0.25 kPa and 0.4 kPa O 2 . However, difficulties to obtain a reliable RQ measurement were observed at very low oxygen levels due to reduced fruit respiration and when the pressure of the Storage container increases due to increased Atmosphere pressure due to leakiness of the Storage container. Superficial scald was found to be Controlled almost completely during Storage with RQ-DCA and the effect remained visible during up to 14 days of shelf life. Magness-Taylor firmness and skin color (hue angle) were found to be significantly higher after RQ-DCA Storage compared to conventional CA Storage and were comparable to these of fruit stored with regular CA after 1-MCP treatment up to 7 days of shelf life at 18 °C. In-fruit ethanol concentrations were found to be very low ( −1 ), indicating the RQ-DCA system managed to store the fruit close to the anaerobic compensation point but the fruit metabolism did not shift from aerobic respiration to fermentation.

  • Controlled Atmosphere Storage may lead to local atp deficiency in apple
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Pieter Verboven, Bert Verlinden, Ann Schenk, Bart Nicolai
    Abstract:

    Abstract A permeation diffusion reaction model was applied to study the internal metabolic gas concentration inside apple fruit cv. ‘Kanzi’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Braeburn’ under Controlled Atmosphere (CA) conditions. A new criterion for the local O2 partial pressure beyond which there is a risk of cell death due to energy shortage was established as the local O2 partial pressure at which the oxidative ATP production becomes smaller than the maximal ATP production by fermentation. The Michaelis–Menten constant ( K m , O 2 ) of oxidative respiration of apple tissue at 1 °C was within 0.13–0.17 kPa. At an O2 partial pressure of 0.46–0.78 times the K m , O 2 at a Storage temperature of 1 °C, energy production for cell maintenance could be still secured in the three cultivars. The effect of natural variability of the maximal respiration rate and tissue gas diffusivities inside apple fruit was further studied by means of a Monte Carlo analysis. The simulations confirm that ‘Jonagold’ has large potential for Storage under low O2 partial pressure, while ‘Kanzi’ and ‘Braeburn’ need to be stored at higher O2 partial pressure, in line with commercial practices.

  • physiological implications of Controlled Atmosphere Storage of conference pears pyrus communis l a proteomic approach
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Romina Pedreschi, Maarten Hertog, Johan Robben, Jeanpaul Noben, Bart Nicolai
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled to a robust statistical approach comprising univariate and multivariate statistics and LC–ESI-MS/MS protein identification was used to improve the understanding of the physiology of pears submitted to four different Controlled Atmosphere (CA) conditions. Optimal commercial CA conditions (2.5% O2, 0.7% CO2, with pre-cooling and fruit from the optimal harvest date), browning-inducing CA conditions (1% O2, 10% CO2, using no pre-cooling and fruit from a late harvest) and two intermediate CA conditions (2.5% O2, 10% CO2 and 15% O2, 0.6% CO2, both including pre-cooling and fruit from the optimal harvest date) were evaluated. The combination of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, pre-cooling period and harvest time plays a key role in core breakdown presumably in the protein levels during Controlled Atmosphere Storage of pears. Our results show that impaired respiration is highly related to protein synthesis alterations, and activation of defense mechanisms. Triosephosphate isomerase, a key enzyme of the energy metabolism was up-regulated under browning-inducing conditions in an attempt to use alternative more efficient anaplerotic pathways to cope with the applied stresses. The changes in the accumulation of proteins related to ethylene biosynthesis (ACC oxidase) and allergens (major allergen Pyrc 1) were highly dependent on the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. ACC oxidase and the major allergen Pyrc 1 were clearly down-regulated under low oxygen or high carbon dioxide concentrations. Their involvement in metabolic disturbances cannot be discarded.

  • a permeation diffusion reaction model of gas transport in cellular tissue of plant materials
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2006
    Co-Authors: Bert Verlinden, Pieter Verboven, Stefan Vandewalle, Bart Nicolai
    Abstract:

    Gas transport in fruit tissue is governed by both diffusion and permeation. The latter phenomenon is caused by overall pressure gradients which may develop due to the large difference in O2 and CO2 diffusivity during Controlled Atmosphere Storage of the fruit. A measurement set-up for tissue permeation based on unsteady-state gas exchange was developed. The gas permeability of pear tissue was determined based on an analytical gas transport model. The overall gas transport in pear tissue samples was validated using a finite element model describing simultaneous O2 ,C O 2, and N2 gas transport, taking into account O2 consumption and CO2 production due to respiration. The results showed that the model described the experimentally determined permeability of N2 very well. The average experimentally determined values for permeation of skin, cortex samples, and the vascular bundle samples were (2.1761.71)310 219 m 2 , (2.3561.96)310 219 m 2 , and (4.5163.12)310 217 m 2 ,

Rafael Gavara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Controlled Atmosphere Storage of wild strawberry fruit fragaria vesca l
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Eva Almenar, Jose M Lagaron, Ramón Catalá, Pilar Hernandezmunoz, Rafael Gavara
    Abstract:

    Controlled Atmosphere Storage technology to extend the shelf life of “Reina de los Valles” wild strawberry fruit (Fragaria vesca L.) was studied. Fruits were stored at 3 °C for three weeks in different Atmosphere compositions:  0.05% CO2/21% O2 (air), 3% CO2/18% O2, 6% CO2/15% O2, 10% CO2/11% O2, and 15% CO2/6% O2. The effect of gas composition on soluble solids content, titrable acidity, pH, off-flavor, aroma volatiles, and consumer preference was monitored. The result showed that the 10% CO2/11% O2 combination can efficiently prolong the shelf life of wild strawberries by maintaining the quality parameters within acceptable values, through inhibiting the development of Botrytis cinerea, without significantly modifying consumer acceptance. Keywords: Wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.); Botrytis cinerea; quality parameters; postharvest self-life; carbon dioxide; oxygen.

  • Controlled Atmosphere Storage of wild strawberry fruit fragaria vesca l
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Eva Almenar, Jose M Lagaron, Ramón Catalá, Pilar Hernandezmunoz, Rafael Gavara
    Abstract:

    Controlled Atmosphere Storage technology to extend the shelf life of "Reina de los Valles" wild strawberry fruit (Fragaria vesca L.) was studied. Fruits were stored at 3 degrees C for three weeks in different Atmosphere compositions: 0.05% CO2/21% O2 (air), 3% CO2/18% O2, 6% CO2/15% O2, 10% CO2/11% O2, and 15% CO2/6% O2. The effect of gas composition on soluble solids content, titrable acidity, pH, off-flavor, aroma volatiles, and consumer preference was monitored. The result showed that the 10% CO2/11% O2 combination can efficiently prolong the shelf life of wild strawberries by maintaining the quality parameters within acceptable values, through inhibiting the development of Botrytis cinerea, without significantly modifying consumer acceptance.

Christopher B Watkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • flesh browning development of empire apple during a shelf life period after 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp treatment and Controlled Atmosphere Storage
    Scientia Horticulturae, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mahmoud Koushesh Saba, Christopher B Watkins
    Abstract:

    Abstract Little information is known about metabolism of flesh browning disorders in apples after removal of fruit from cold Storage. ‘Empire’ apples develop a firm flesh browning, a physiological disorder that is assumed to be a chilling injury because it occurs usually at 0.5 °C; however, incidence is increased in fruit at warmer Storage temperatures (2–3 °C) if fruit have been treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). In this study, fruit were untreated or treated with 1-MCP and stored in Controlled Atmospheres at 0.5 or 3 °C for 40 weeks, followed by a 10 d shelf life period at 20 °C. The greatest increase of internal ethylene concentration (IEC) and softening occurred in the fruit that had been stored at 3 °C without 1-MCP, and the lowest in fruit from 0.5 °C plus 1-MCP. Flesh browning was present in 1-MCP treated fruit and in fruit stored at 0.5 °C at the time of removal, and low in fruit stored at 3 °C. Incidence and severity of the disorder in 1-MCP treated fruit stored at 3 °C increased greatly during the shelf life period. Electrolyte leakage was higher in 1-MCP treated fruit stored at 0.5 °C than in the other treatments. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was higher in 1-MCP treated fruit regardless of Storage temperature but peroxidase (POX) activity was higher in fruit that had been stored at 0.5 °C regardless of 1-MCP treatment. The highest POX activity was measured in the fruit that had been stored at 0.5 °C without 1-MCP treatment. Overall, browning development during the shelf life is associated with higher PPO activity in 1-MCP treated fruit and higher POX activity at the lower Storage temperature.

  • transcriptomic events associated with internal browning of apple during postharvest Storage
    BMC Plant Biology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ifigeneia Mellidou, Christopher B Watkins, Kim Buts, Darwish Hatoum, Jason W Johnston, Robert J Schaffer, Nigel E Gapper, James J Giovannoni
    Abstract:

    Postharvest ripening of apple (Malus x domestica) can be slowed down by low temperatures, and a combination of low O2 and high CO2 levels. While this maintains the quality of most fruit, occasionally Storage disorders such as flesh browning can occur. This study aimed to explore changes in the apple transcriptome associated with a flesh browning disorder related to Controlled Atmosphere Storage using RNA-sequencing techniques. Samples from a browning-susceptible cultivar (‘Braeburn’) were stored for four months under Controlled Atmosphere. Based on a visual browning index, the inner and outer cortex of the stored apples was classified as healthy or affected tissue. Over 600 million short single-end reads were mapped onto the Malus consensus coding sequence set, and differences in the expression profiles between healthy and affected tissues were assessed to identify candidate genes associated with internal browning in a tissue-specific manner. Genes involved in lipid metabolism, secondary metabolism, and cell wall modifications were highly modified in the affected inner cortex, while energy-related and stress-related genes were mostly altered in the outer cortex. The expression levels of several of them were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Additionally, a set of novel browning-specific differentially expressed genes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, was validated in apples stored for various periods at different Controlled Atmosphere conditions, giving rise to potential biomarkers associated with high risk of browning development. The gene expression data presented in this study will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of browning development in apples at Controlled Atmosphere Storage. A conceptual model, including energy-related (linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain) and lipid-related genes (related to membrane alterations, and fatty acid oxidation), for browning development in apple is proposed, which may be relevant for future studies towards improving the postharvest life of apple.

  • repeated treatment of apple fruit with 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp prior to Controlled Atmosphere Storage
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jacqueline F Nock, Christopher B Watkins
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effect of multiple 1-MCP treatments prior to the establishment of Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage on the quality of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] was investigated. Fruit were harvested on three occasions over a 1 week period, and at each harvest cooled overnight and 1-MCP applied the following day. Fruit from the first or second harvests were treated again or for the first time when fruit from each successive harvest was treated. CA conditions were established after the last 1-MCP treatment and fruit were stored for up to 8 months. Delays in 1-MCP application generally resulted in progressively higher internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) at the time of treatment and lower firmness both at the time of treatment and after Storage. Multiple 1-MCP applications kept IECs low and maintained firmness compared with single applications that were applied after 4 d. For ‘McIntosh’, external CO2 injury was more prevalent after Storage if fruit were treated without delays after harvest for earlier harvests while later harvests were less affected. For ‘Empire’, flesh browning was more prevalent in fruit from later harvests and 1-MCP treated fruit had higher levels than untreated fruit. Either early 1-MCP treatment or multiple treatments reduced senescent breakdown in ‘McIntosh’, and core browning and greasiness in ‘Empire’.

  • rapid 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp treatment and delayed Controlled Atmosphere Storage of apples
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Christopher B Watkins, Jacqueline F Nock
    Abstract:

    Abstract The quality of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] after treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and delayed Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage has been investigated. For each cultivar, fruit from three orchard blocks were harvested in two growing regions. 1-MCP was applied after overnight cooling to 2 °C and CA conditions applied 2, 7 and 14 d after harvest. Quality of fruit was assessed after CA Storage for 6 months plus 1 and 7 d at 20 °C. 1-MCP suppressed the internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) of the fruit during the14 d period before CA conditions were applied, but the extent of suppression was lower in fruit with high IECs at harvest. Untreated fruit of both ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ exposed to CA Storage after 2 d maintained firmness levels similar to 1-MCP treated fruit, but only for 1 d of shelf life. 1-MCP treatment resulted in firm fruit after delayed CA up to 14 d, but the most consistent effects were found in ‘Empire’ which has lower IECs than ‘McIntosh’. Orchard block differences in IEC affected the persistence of 1-MCP effects on firmness. Effects of 1-MCP treatment on Storage disorders were inconsistent, although slight increases in risk of external carbon dioxide injury were detected. Rapid treatment of fruit with 1-MCP after harvest can afford Storage operators more freedom to delay CA Storage application, but attention to cultivar, fruit maturity and susceptibility of fruit to Storage disorders must be considered.

  • antioxidant contents and activity of 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp treated empire apples in air and Controlled Atmosphere Storage
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Fanjaniaina Fawbush, Jacqueline F Nock, Christopher B Watkins
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effect of 1-MCP on ripening and concentrations of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and total antioxidant activity of ‘Empire’ apples (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.) was studied. Fruit were stored in air for up to 5 months, and in Controlled Atmosphere (CA) of 2 and 3 kPa O2 (2 kPa CO2) at 0.5 and 2.2 °C for 4.5 and 9 months. Ripening was delayed by 1-MCP treatment in both air and CA Storage as indicated by lower internal ethylene concentrations and slower softening than in untreated fruit. Overall, total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin concentrations as well as antioxidant activity were relatively stable during air and CA Storage. In air-stored fruit, total phenolic concentrations were higher in the peel of 1-MCP treated fruit than in the control fruit, but slightly lower in the flesh of 1-MCP treated fruit. In CA-stored fruit, interactions between O2 partial pressures, temperature and Storage duration were detected but overall, few consistent trends were observed. However, flavonoid concentrations were higher in the flesh of 1-MCP treated than untreated fruit kept in 2 kPa O2 while anthocyanin concentrations, only measured in the peel, were not affected by 1-MCP treatment. There were no correlations found between total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid concentrations declined in both peel and flesh tissues of untreated and 1-MCP treated fruit stored in air, while changes of ascorbic acid concentrations in CA-stored fruit were inconsistent.

Lei Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • impact of precooling and Controlled Atmosphere Storage on γ aminobutyric acid gaba accumulation in longan dimocarpus longan lour fruit
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Molin Zhou, Kessy H Ndeurumio, Lei Zhao
    Abstract:

    Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit cultivars 'Chuliang' and 'Shixia' were analyzed for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation after precooling and in Controlled-Atmosphere Storage. Fruit were exposed to 5% O2 plus 3%, 5%, or 10% CO2 at 4 °C, and GABA and associated enzymes, aril firmness, and pericarp color were measured. Aril softening and pericarp browning were delayed by 5% CO2 + 5% O2. GABA concentrations and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) activities declined during Storage at the higher-CO2 treatments. However, GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T; EC 2.6.1.19) activities in elevated CO2-treated fruit fluctuated during Storage. GABA concentrations increased after precooling treatments. GAD activity and GABA-T activity were different between cultivars after precooling. GABA concentrations in fruit increased after 3 days of 10% CO2 + 5% O2 treatment and then declined as Storage time increased. GABA accumulation was associated with stimulation of GAD activity rather than inhibition of GABA-T activity.

  • Impact of Precooling and Controlled-Atmosphere Storage on γ‑Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Fruit
    2016
    Co-Authors: Molin Zhou, Kessy H Ndeurumio, Lei Zhao
    Abstract:

    Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit cultivars ‘Chuliang’ and ‘Shixia’ were analyzed for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation after precooling and in Controlled-Atmosphere Storage. Fruit were exposed to 5% O2 plus 3%, 5%, or 10% CO2 at 4 °C, and GABA and associated enzymes, aril firmness, and pericarp color were measured. Aril softening and pericarp browning were delayed by 5% CO2 + 5% O2. GABA concentrations and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) activities declined during Storage at the higher-CO2 treatments. However, GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T; EC 2.6.1.19) activities in elevated CO2-treated fruit fluctuated during Storage. GABA concentrations increased after precooling treatments. GAD activity and GABA-T activity were different between cultivars after precooling. GABA concentrations in fruit increased after 3 days of 10% CO2 + 5% O2 treatment and then declined as Storage time increased. GABA accumulation was associated with stimulation of GAD activity rather than inhibition of GABA-T activity

Eva Almenar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Controlled Atmosphere Storage of wild strawberry fruit fragaria vesca l
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Eva Almenar, Jose M Lagaron, Ramón Catalá, Pilar Hernandezmunoz, Rafael Gavara
    Abstract:

    Controlled Atmosphere Storage technology to extend the shelf life of “Reina de los Valles” wild strawberry fruit (Fragaria vesca L.) was studied. Fruits were stored at 3 °C for three weeks in different Atmosphere compositions:  0.05% CO2/21% O2 (air), 3% CO2/18% O2, 6% CO2/15% O2, 10% CO2/11% O2, and 15% CO2/6% O2. The effect of gas composition on soluble solids content, titrable acidity, pH, off-flavor, aroma volatiles, and consumer preference was monitored. The result showed that the 10% CO2/11% O2 combination can efficiently prolong the shelf life of wild strawberries by maintaining the quality parameters within acceptable values, through inhibiting the development of Botrytis cinerea, without significantly modifying consumer acceptance. Keywords: Wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.); Botrytis cinerea; quality parameters; postharvest self-life; carbon dioxide; oxygen.

  • Controlled Atmosphere Storage of wild strawberry fruit fragaria vesca l
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Eva Almenar, Jose M Lagaron, Ramón Catalá, Pilar Hernandezmunoz, Rafael Gavara
    Abstract:

    Controlled Atmosphere Storage technology to extend the shelf life of "Reina de los Valles" wild strawberry fruit (Fragaria vesca L.) was studied. Fruits were stored at 3 degrees C for three weeks in different Atmosphere compositions: 0.05% CO2/21% O2 (air), 3% CO2/18% O2, 6% CO2/15% O2, 10% CO2/11% O2, and 15% CO2/6% O2. The effect of gas composition on soluble solids content, titrable acidity, pH, off-flavor, aroma volatiles, and consumer preference was monitored. The result showed that the 10% CO2/11% O2 combination can efficiently prolong the shelf life of wild strawberries by maintaining the quality parameters within acceptable values, through inhibiting the development of Botrytis cinerea, without significantly modifying consumer acceptance.