The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maryam Naebe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A review on Cotton Gin trash: sustainable commodity for material fabrication
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract Cotton Gin trash (CGT), the waste generated from Cotton Ginning is a low-cost and abundant source of lignocellulosic material. Effective valorisation of CGT is beneficial from both economical and environmental perspectives. Earlier investigations and reviews on CGT were mostly based on the ethanol and bioenergy production, and soil amendment properties of CGT. However, due to the low yield in ethanol preparation, the low heating value of CGT in energy production and reported critical issues in soil amendment, CGT yet remains as an underutilized material. However, the increasing number of studies in material science domain showed encouraGing prospects of CGT. This includes using CGT as a composite filler, preparing transparent plastic by combining with polymer, adsorbing dye from wastewater, and extracting micro and nanocrystalline cellulose for a potential application. Nevertheless, currently, there is no review available dedicated to the material fabrication viewpoint of CGT. Therefore, this review addresses the current studies of CGT on material production, along with CGT structure and composition. This study also discusses the rationale of using CGT as a sustainable resource in the cleaner production of materials and explores the opportunities for future research.
-
biodegradable Cotton Gin trash poly vinyl alcohol composite plastic effect of particle size on physicochemical properties
Powder Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract Cotton Gin trash (CGT), a potential lignocellulose resource was combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to produce the biodegradable composite plastic film. A 50:50 CGT/PVA ratio was maintained using coarse and fine CGT powder particles and the effect of particle size on the morphology, crystallinity, tensile strength, optical transmittance, thermal stability and biodegradability was investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showed uniform distribution of CGT in PVA matrix particularly of the fine powders (~5.7 μm). The incorporation of CGT in PVA enhanced the tensile strength, biodegradability, thermal stability and induced complete UV protection. Overall, while the flexibility of the composite film decreased, the tensile strength increased 10% and 20%, respectively by the coarse and fine CGT powders when compared to the pure PVA film. Considering the fabrication cost as estimated in the study, the results point towards the immense potential of CGT as a low-cost reinforcement material for PVA to be successfully used in the production of biodegradable plastic material.
-
Adsorption of anionic Acid Blue 25 on chitosan-modified Cotton Gin trash film
Cellulose, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Dye wastewater containing non-fixed dyes discarded from different manufacturing industries is a major concern in environmental pollution. Amongst all other non-fixed dyes, anionic dyes hold a significant share in the dye wastewater (32–90%) stream, due to their extensive uses. In this study, Cotton Gin trash (CGT) is proposed for valorisation and utilisation as a bioadsorbent for the anionic dye. Gin trash was transformed into a film by a single-step process. Since −OH group rich CGT film tends to adsorb cationic dye, chitosan that has adsorption capability towards anionic dyes was used to modify CGT by introducing positive charges for the adsorption of anionic Acid Blue 25 (AB). The morphology, roughness, chemical structure and zeta potential of the raw CGT powder and chitosan-modified CGT (CHT–CGT) film were reported. The fabricated film showed roughness and pores in the surface favouring the dye adsorption. The adsorption process followed the physisorption phenomenon rather than the chemisorption process, where cationic CHT–CGT film attracted anionic AB. Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of the system were described as favourable, fitting better with the Langmuir model compared to Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Flory–HugGins isotherms. The maximum adsorption of the CHT–CGT film was 151.5 mg/g, compares favourably among other reported lignocellulosic waste. Besides, CHT–CGT film was found reusable after desorption, without significantly altering its removal efficiency. The results along with our previous report explore a sustainable pathway of adding value to CGT as a dye bioadsorbent from wastewater, where unmodified and chitosan-modified CGT films together have the potential to separate both cationic and anionic dyes concurrently. Graphic abstract
-
Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of methylene blue onto Cotton Gin trash bioadsorbents
Cellulose, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Orlando J. Rojas, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Cotton Gin trash (CGT), a residual lignocellulosic biomass generated during the Ginning process of Cotton fibres, is proposed for valorization and application in environmental remediation. Taking advantage of its availability and composition, rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups, CGT is studied for its suitability for dye removal. Cotton Gin trash films are synthesized using a single-step process with formic acid and tested for methylene blue (MB) adsorption. The morphology, chemical structure, surface area, zeta potential and crystallinity of the films are also reported. The hydroxyl groups in CGT increased by the film preparation and further enhanced the zeta potential of CGT towards the negative direction. Overall, the adsorption process is governed by the physisorption characteristic, where a greater potential difference between CGT and cationic MB improved the dye uptake. The adsorption system is described as favourable, fitting better with Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the CGT films is 209 mg/g, which compares favourably against other reported lignocellulosic materials. Overall, the results indicate the CGT has an enormous potential as an adsorbent material for dye separation from wastewaters. Graphic abstract
-
mechanically milled powder from Cotton Gin trash for diverse applications
Powder Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract There are very few reports, if any, on the physicochemical changes during the powder fabrication of Cotton Gin trash (CGT), an abundant source of lignocellulose. This particular study can be very informative for the production of new CGT composite materials. In our current study, we investigated the changes in particle size, morphology, surface area, chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal and moisture properties of CGT at different stages of the milling operation. An attritor milling of CGT up to 4 h reduced the particle size (from 144.2 μm to 6.2 μm) and enhanced the surface area up to 2.5 times without damaGing its oriGinal properties, including crystallinity and chemical structure. Milling operation beyond 4 h did not further reduce the particle size effectively, though affected the thermal stability of CGT. Overall, it is suggested that the milled CGT can be a sustainable source of lignocellulose powder for use in a wide area of applications.
Foster A. Agblevor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of steam exploded Cotton Gin waste
Chemical Engineering Communications, 2008Co-Authors: Jiacheng Shen, Foster A. AgblevorAbstract:The hydrolytic kinetics of Cotton Gin waste (CGW) at various initial concentrations of two enzymes, Novozymes NS50052 and Spezyme AO3117, was investigated. The experiments showed that the concentrations of reducing sugars increased with increasing initial enzyme concentration for the two enzymes. The reducing sugars produced per gram of Novozymes were higher than those produced by Spezyme. However, the reducing sugars produced per FPU of Novozymes were lower than those produced by Spezyme. The concentrations of reducing sugars reached 6.41 g/L and 4.93 g/L after seven hours of hydrolysis at the initial Novozymes enzyme loading of 12.3 filter paper unit (FPU)/g substrate and Spezyme loading of 3.68 FPU/g substrate, respectively. A two-parameter model based on enzyme deactivation and its analytical expression have been derived. The model was used to fit the experimental data of the hydrolytic kinetics of CGW. The enzyme deactivation rate constants in this model decreased as the initial enzyme concentration ...
-
Coupled acid and enzyme mediated production of microcrystalline cellulose from corn cob and Cotton Gin waste
Cellulose, 2006Co-Authors: Foster A. Agblevor, Maha M Ibrahim, Waleed K. El-zawawyAbstract:Microcrystalline cellulose has applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and other industries. Most microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is produced from dissolving pulp using concentrated acids. We investigated steam explosion treatment of corn cobs and Cotton Gin waste for the production of microcrystalline cellulose. The corn cob was converted into a coarse brown powder after steam explosion and the lignin and residual hemicellulose fractions were extracted respectively with sodium hydroxide solution and water. The residual cellulose was readily bleached with hydrogen peroxide and converted to microcrystalline cellulose using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and cellulase enzyme preparation. The resulting microcrystalline cellulose samples had properties that were similar to commercial microcrystalline cellulose. Similarly, Cotton Gin waste was steam exploded and converted into microcrystalline cellulose, but this material was more difficult to bleach using hydrogen peroxide. The degree of polymerization for the MCC samples ranged from 188.6 to 549.8 compared to 427.4 for Avicel PH101 MCC.
-
Storage and characterization of Cotton Gin waste for ethanol production.
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2006Co-Authors: Foster A. Agblevor, John S. Cundiff, C. MingleAbstract:Abstract In 2002, about 17.1 million bales of Cotton were Ginned in the United States and the estimated Cotton Gin waste was 2.25 × 10 9 kg. The disposal of Cotton Gin waste (CGW) is a significant problem in the Cotton Ginning industry, but CGW could be potentially used as feedstock for bioethanol. Freshly discharged CGW and stored CGW were characterized for storage stability and potential for ethanol production by determining their summative compositions. The bulk densities of the fresh wet and dry CGW were 210.2 ± 59.9 kg m −3 and 183.3 ± 52.2 kg m −3 , respectively. After six months of storage the volume of piles A, B, and C decreased by 38.7%, 41.5%, and 33.3%, respectively, relative to the volume of the pile at the start of the storage. The ash content of the CGW was very high ranGing from 10% to 21% and the acid-insoluble fraction was high (21–24%). The total carbohydrate content was very low and ranged from 34% to 49%. After three months storage, chemical compositional analysis showed the loss of total carbohydrates was minimal but after six months, the losses were as high as 25%. This loss of carbohydrates suggests that under open storage conditions, the feedstock must be processed within three months to reduce ethanol yield losses.
-
composition and ethanol production potential of Cotton Gin residues
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2003Co-Authors: Foster A. Agblevor, Sandra Batz, Jessica TrumboAbstract:Cotton Gin residue (CGR) collected from five Cotton Gins was fractionated and characterized for summative composition. The major fractions of the CGR varied widely between Cotton Gins and consisted of clean lint (5–12%), hulls (16–48%), seeds (6–24%), motes (16–24%), and leaves (14–30%). The summative composition varied within and between Cotton Gins and consisted of ash (7.9–14.6%), acid-insoluble material (18–26%), xylan (4–15%), and cellulose (20–38%). Overlimed steam-exploded Cotton Gin waste was readily fermented to ethanol by Escherichia coli KO11. Ethanol yields were feedstock and severity dependent and ranged from 58 to 92.5% of the theoretical yields. The highest ethanol yield was 191 L (50 gal)/t, and the lowest was 120 L (32 gal)/t.
-
characterization and fermentation of steam exploded Cotton Gin waste
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2001Co-Authors: Tina Jeoh, Foster A. AgblevorAbstract:Abstract Cotton Gin waste was collected from a Cotton Ginning plant in VirGinia and characterized before and after steam explosion to evaluate its potential applications for higher value products such as ethanol. The raw Cotton Gin waste had high levels of ash ( 10.5 wt % ) and acid insoluble material ( 28.8 wt % ). The xylan and cellulose contents were, respectively, 9 and 37 wt % . The Cotton Gin waste was steam exploded in a batch gun at severities ranGing from 2 to 4.9. Substantial solubilization/degradation of fiber material (9– 17 wt % ) occurred during steam explosion pretreatment especially at the high severities. Mannan, galactan, and arabinan were completely solubilized/degraded at severities greater than 3.56. Both glucan and xylan were solubilized/degraded at all severities, but xylan loss was considerably higher. The steam exploded material was essentially cellulose and acid insoluble material and small fractions of xylan at severities greater than 3.56. Steam explosion improved the enzyme hydrolysis of the material from 42% to 67% during 24 h incubation. E. coli KO11 was effective in converting the enzyme hydrolyzed substrate to ethanol. The highest ethanol yield (83% of theoretical yield) was achieved for material treated at a severity of 3.56. Both xylose and glucose were fermented to ethanol by the microorganism.
Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A review on Cotton Gin trash: sustainable commodity for material fabrication
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract Cotton Gin trash (CGT), the waste generated from Cotton Ginning is a low-cost and abundant source of lignocellulosic material. Effective valorisation of CGT is beneficial from both economical and environmental perspectives. Earlier investigations and reviews on CGT were mostly based on the ethanol and bioenergy production, and soil amendment properties of CGT. However, due to the low yield in ethanol preparation, the low heating value of CGT in energy production and reported critical issues in soil amendment, CGT yet remains as an underutilized material. However, the increasing number of studies in material science domain showed encouraGing prospects of CGT. This includes using CGT as a composite filler, preparing transparent plastic by combining with polymer, adsorbing dye from wastewater, and extracting micro and nanocrystalline cellulose for a potential application. Nevertheless, currently, there is no review available dedicated to the material fabrication viewpoint of CGT. Therefore, this review addresses the current studies of CGT on material production, along with CGT structure and composition. This study also discusses the rationale of using CGT as a sustainable resource in the cleaner production of materials and explores the opportunities for future research.
-
biodegradable Cotton Gin trash poly vinyl alcohol composite plastic effect of particle size on physicochemical properties
Powder Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract Cotton Gin trash (CGT), a potential lignocellulose resource was combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to produce the biodegradable composite plastic film. A 50:50 CGT/PVA ratio was maintained using coarse and fine CGT powder particles and the effect of particle size on the morphology, crystallinity, tensile strength, optical transmittance, thermal stability and biodegradability was investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showed uniform distribution of CGT in PVA matrix particularly of the fine powders (~5.7 μm). The incorporation of CGT in PVA enhanced the tensile strength, biodegradability, thermal stability and induced complete UV protection. Overall, while the flexibility of the composite film decreased, the tensile strength increased 10% and 20%, respectively by the coarse and fine CGT powders when compared to the pure PVA film. Considering the fabrication cost as estimated in the study, the results point towards the immense potential of CGT as a low-cost reinforcement material for PVA to be successfully used in the production of biodegradable plastic material.
-
Adsorption of anionic Acid Blue 25 on chitosan-modified Cotton Gin trash film
Cellulose, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Dye wastewater containing non-fixed dyes discarded from different manufacturing industries is a major concern in environmental pollution. Amongst all other non-fixed dyes, anionic dyes hold a significant share in the dye wastewater (32–90%) stream, due to their extensive uses. In this study, Cotton Gin trash (CGT) is proposed for valorisation and utilisation as a bioadsorbent for the anionic dye. Gin trash was transformed into a film by a single-step process. Since −OH group rich CGT film tends to adsorb cationic dye, chitosan that has adsorption capability towards anionic dyes was used to modify CGT by introducing positive charges for the adsorption of anionic Acid Blue 25 (AB). The morphology, roughness, chemical structure and zeta potential of the raw CGT powder and chitosan-modified CGT (CHT–CGT) film were reported. The fabricated film showed roughness and pores in the surface favouring the dye adsorption. The adsorption process followed the physisorption phenomenon rather than the chemisorption process, where cationic CHT–CGT film attracted anionic AB. Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of the system were described as favourable, fitting better with the Langmuir model compared to Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Flory–HugGins isotherms. The maximum adsorption of the CHT–CGT film was 151.5 mg/g, compares favourably among other reported lignocellulosic waste. Besides, CHT–CGT film was found reusable after desorption, without significantly altering its removal efficiency. The results along with our previous report explore a sustainable pathway of adding value to CGT as a dye bioadsorbent from wastewater, where unmodified and chitosan-modified CGT films together have the potential to separate both cationic and anionic dyes concurrently. Graphic abstract
-
Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of methylene blue onto Cotton Gin trash bioadsorbents
Cellulose, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Orlando J. Rojas, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Cotton Gin trash (CGT), a residual lignocellulosic biomass generated during the Ginning process of Cotton fibres, is proposed for valorization and application in environmental remediation. Taking advantage of its availability and composition, rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups, CGT is studied for its suitability for dye removal. Cotton Gin trash films are synthesized using a single-step process with formic acid and tested for methylene blue (MB) adsorption. The morphology, chemical structure, surface area, zeta potential and crystallinity of the films are also reported. The hydroxyl groups in CGT increased by the film preparation and further enhanced the zeta potential of CGT towards the negative direction. Overall, the adsorption process is governed by the physisorption characteristic, where a greater potential difference between CGT and cationic MB improved the dye uptake. The adsorption system is described as favourable, fitting better with Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the CGT films is 209 mg/g, which compares favourably against other reported lignocellulosic materials. Overall, the results indicate the CGT has an enormous potential as an adsorbent material for dye separation from wastewaters. Graphic abstract
-
mechanically milled powder from Cotton Gin trash for diverse applications
Powder Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract There are very few reports, if any, on the physicochemical changes during the powder fabrication of Cotton Gin trash (CGT), an abundant source of lignocellulose. This particular study can be very informative for the production of new CGT composite materials. In our current study, we investigated the changes in particle size, morphology, surface area, chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal and moisture properties of CGT at different stages of the milling operation. An attritor milling of CGT up to 4 h reduced the particle size (from 144.2 μm to 6.2 μm) and enhanced the surface area up to 2.5 times without damaGing its oriGinal properties, including crystallinity and chemical structure. Milling operation beyond 4 h did not further reduce the particle size effectively, though affected the thermal stability of CGT. Overall, it is suggested that the milled CGT can be a sustainable source of lignocellulose powder for use in a wide area of applications.
Sergio C Capareda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
product distribution and characteristics of pyrolyzing microalgae nannochloropsis oculata Cotton Gin trash and cattle manure as a cobiomass
Energies, 2020Co-Authors: Muhammad Usman Hanif, Sergio C Capareda, Mohammed Zwawi, Hamid Iqbal, Mohammed Algarni, Bassem F Felemban, Ali Bahadar, Adeel WaqasAbstract:Microalgae has proven potential for producing products that are accepted as an alternate energy source. An attempt is made to further improve the efficiency of pyrolysis in terms of product yields and characteristics by adding Cotton Gin trash and cattle manure as a mixed feedstock (cobiomass). A statistically significant number of treatments were made by mixing different amounts of Cotton Gin trash and cattle manure with microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata). These treatments were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (400 to 600 °C ) and product yields and characteristics were analyzed. The pyrolysis of cobiomass resulted in higher yield for bio-oil and char as compared to microalgae alone. An operating temperature of 500 °C was found to be the best suitable for high bio-oil yield. The high heating values (hhv) of bio-oil were observed to be maximum at 500 °C and for syngas and char, the heating value slightly increased with further increase in temperature. Comparatively, the bio-oil (30 MJ/kg) had higher heating values than char (17 MJ/kg) and syngas (13 MJ/kg). The combustible material decreased whereas fixed carbon and ash content increased in char with an increase in temperature. The bio-oil produced from cobiomass had abundant aliphatics and aromatics with low nitrogen content making it a better alternative fuel than bio-oil produced by microalgae alone. The mixing of different biomass helped improving not just the quantity but also the quality of products.
-
fluidized bed gasification of high tonnage sorghum Cotton Gin trash and beef cattle manure evaluation of synthesis gas production
Energy Conversion and Management, 2015Co-Authors: Amado L Maglinao, Sergio C Capareda, Hyungseok NamAbstract:Abstract Fluidized bed gasification using high-tonnage sorghum, Cotton Gin trash and beef cattle manure was performed in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor equipped with the necessary feedback control system. Characterization of biomass showed that the high-tonnage sorghum had the highest energy and carbon content of 19.58 MJ kg −1 and 42.29% wt , respectively among the three feed stocks. At 730 °C reaction temperature and equivalence ratio of 0.35, comparable yields of methane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide (within ± 1.4% vol ) were observed in all three feed stocks. The gasification system produced synthesis gas with an average heating value of 4.19 ± 0.09 MJ Nm −3 and an average yield of 1.98 ± 0.1 Nm 3 kg −1 of biomass. Carbon conversion and gasification efficiencies indicated that most of the carbon was converted to gaseous products (85% average ) while 48% average of the energy from the biomass was converted into combustible gas. The production of hydrogen was significantly affected by the biomass used during gasification. The synthesis gas heating value and yield were relatively constant at reaction temperatures from 730 °C to 800 °C. Utilizing high-tonnage sorghum, the optimum hydrogen production during gasification was achieved at a reaction temperature of 780 °C and an equivalence ratio of 0.40.
-
evaluation of ligninolytic enzymes ultrasonication and liquid hot water as pretreatments for bioethanol production from Cotton Gin trash
Bioresource Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Jersson Placido, Tahmina Imam, Sergio C CaparedaAbstract:Abstract Cotton Gin trash (CGT) is a ubiquitous Cotton-production-waste resource which can be used for ethanol production. In this research, seven combinations of three pretreatments; ultrasonication, liquid hot water and ligninolytic enzymes were evaluated on CGT to select the best pretreatments combination that increased the cellulose conversion and the ethanol yield in the saccharification and fermentation processes, respectively. The structural changes in the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from CGT were followed using FT-IR after each pretreatment. All the pretreatment combinations modified the CGT’s structure and composition compared with the unpretreated CGT, and the majority of them improved release of sugars oriGinally present in the CGT. The best results were achieved by the sequential combination of ultrasonication, hot water, and ligninolytic enzymes with an improvement of 10% in the ethanol yield and cellulose conversion compared to the other pretreatments. These results are a contribution to develop a feasible bioethanol production from CGT.
-
Benefits of Onsite Gasification of Cotton Gin Trash for Power Production at Cotton Gins
2011 Louisville Kentucky August 7 - August 10 2011, 2011Co-Authors: David Shane Saucier, Calvin B. Parnell, Charles Tommy Gilley, Russell Mcgee, Sergio C CaparedaAbstract:The decision by the EPA to regulate green house gases (GHG) and to significantly reduce GHG emissions from coal fired power plants (CFPP), will likely result in reduced availability of electricity in the near future. The technology exists to produce electricity from power plants fueled with Cotton Gin trash (CGT). The utilization of excess Cotton biomass (CGT) as the fuel to produce useable energy with a gasification-based conversion technology is not new. Cotton Gins will realize immediate benefits from the use of CGT to fuel on-site power plants through gasification. Gins will become a source of reliable electricity and heat energy during the Ginning season and beyond. The expense of CGT disposal will be eliminated and replaced with additional revenue streams from the gasification process. Biochar produced as a byproduct of gasification may be sold as a commodity or value-added product. Excess electricity produced at the Gin can be sold back to the grid to generate additional revenue. Renewable energy benefits may result in additional savings and benefits. Credits for green energy and carbon sequestration may also contribute to the Cotton Gin’s revenue stream.
-
elucidating the solid liquid and gaseous products from batch pyrolysis of Cotton Gin trash
Transactions of the ASABE, 2010Co-Authors: Froilan L Aquino, Sergio C Capareda, Calvin B. ParnellAbstract:Cotton Gin trash (CGT) was pyrolyzed at different temperatures (500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C) using an externally heated batch reactor. The average yields of output products (solid/char, liquid/bio-oil, and gas) were determined. The heating value (HV) of CGT was measured to be around 15.5 MJ kg-1. Gas yield increased while char yield decreased as temperature was increased. The maximum char yield of 38 wt% was obtained after 30 min of pyrolysis at 500°C. The char had the largest fraction of the energy output (44% to 51%), followed by gas (6% to 15%) and bio-oil (4% to 5%). The maximum gas yield of 35 wt% was observed at 800°C. The average yield of CO, H2, and total hydrocarbons (THC) generally increased with increased temperature, while CO2 production decreased. Methane, ethane, and propane were the dominant constituents of the THC. The highest bio-oil yield of about 30 wt% was observed at 600°C. The HV of bio-oil was low (2 to 3 MJ kg-1) due to minimal non-hydrocarbon compounds and high moisture content (MC). The heating value of the organic portion of the bio-oil was measured to be 6.1 MJ kg-1.
Rechana Remadevi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A review on Cotton Gin trash: sustainable commodity for material fabrication
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract Cotton Gin trash (CGT), the waste generated from Cotton Ginning is a low-cost and abundant source of lignocellulosic material. Effective valorisation of CGT is beneficial from both economical and environmental perspectives. Earlier investigations and reviews on CGT were mostly based on the ethanol and bioenergy production, and soil amendment properties of CGT. However, due to the low yield in ethanol preparation, the low heating value of CGT in energy production and reported critical issues in soil amendment, CGT yet remains as an underutilized material. However, the increasing number of studies in material science domain showed encouraGing prospects of CGT. This includes using CGT as a composite filler, preparing transparent plastic by combining with polymer, adsorbing dye from wastewater, and extracting micro and nanocrystalline cellulose for a potential application. Nevertheless, currently, there is no review available dedicated to the material fabrication viewpoint of CGT. Therefore, this review addresses the current studies of CGT on material production, along with CGT structure and composition. This study also discusses the rationale of using CGT as a sustainable resource in the cleaner production of materials and explores the opportunities for future research.
-
biodegradable Cotton Gin trash poly vinyl alcohol composite plastic effect of particle size on physicochemical properties
Powder Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract Cotton Gin trash (CGT), a potential lignocellulose resource was combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to produce the biodegradable composite plastic film. A 50:50 CGT/PVA ratio was maintained using coarse and fine CGT powder particles and the effect of particle size on the morphology, crystallinity, tensile strength, optical transmittance, thermal stability and biodegradability was investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showed uniform distribution of CGT in PVA matrix particularly of the fine powders (~5.7 μm). The incorporation of CGT in PVA enhanced the tensile strength, biodegradability, thermal stability and induced complete UV protection. Overall, while the flexibility of the composite film decreased, the tensile strength increased 10% and 20%, respectively by the coarse and fine CGT powders when compared to the pure PVA film. Considering the fabrication cost as estimated in the study, the results point towards the immense potential of CGT as a low-cost reinforcement material for PVA to be successfully used in the production of biodegradable plastic material.
-
Adsorption of anionic Acid Blue 25 on chitosan-modified Cotton Gin trash film
Cellulose, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Dye wastewater containing non-fixed dyes discarded from different manufacturing industries is a major concern in environmental pollution. Amongst all other non-fixed dyes, anionic dyes hold a significant share in the dye wastewater (32–90%) stream, due to their extensive uses. In this study, Cotton Gin trash (CGT) is proposed for valorisation and utilisation as a bioadsorbent for the anionic dye. Gin trash was transformed into a film by a single-step process. Since −OH group rich CGT film tends to adsorb cationic dye, chitosan that has adsorption capability towards anionic dyes was used to modify CGT by introducing positive charges for the adsorption of anionic Acid Blue 25 (AB). The morphology, roughness, chemical structure and zeta potential of the raw CGT powder and chitosan-modified CGT (CHT–CGT) film were reported. The fabricated film showed roughness and pores in the surface favouring the dye adsorption. The adsorption process followed the physisorption phenomenon rather than the chemisorption process, where cationic CHT–CGT film attracted anionic AB. Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of the system were described as favourable, fitting better with the Langmuir model compared to Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Flory–HugGins isotherms. The maximum adsorption of the CHT–CGT film was 151.5 mg/g, compares favourably among other reported lignocellulosic waste. Besides, CHT–CGT film was found reusable after desorption, without significantly altering its removal efficiency. The results along with our previous report explore a sustainable pathway of adding value to CGT as a dye bioadsorbent from wastewater, where unmodified and chitosan-modified CGT films together have the potential to separate both cationic and anionic dyes concurrently. Graphic abstract
-
Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of methylene blue onto Cotton Gin trash bioadsorbents
Cellulose, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Orlando J. Rojas, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Cotton Gin trash (CGT), a residual lignocellulosic biomass generated during the Ginning process of Cotton fibres, is proposed for valorization and application in environmental remediation. Taking advantage of its availability and composition, rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups, CGT is studied for its suitability for dye removal. Cotton Gin trash films are synthesized using a single-step process with formic acid and tested for methylene blue (MB) adsorption. The morphology, chemical structure, surface area, zeta potential and crystallinity of the films are also reported. The hydroxyl groups in CGT increased by the film preparation and further enhanced the zeta potential of CGT towards the negative direction. Overall, the adsorption process is governed by the physisorption characteristic, where a greater potential difference between CGT and cationic MB improved the dye uptake. The adsorption system is described as favourable, fitting better with Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the CGT films is 209 mg/g, which compares favourably against other reported lignocellulosic materials. Overall, the results indicate the CGT has an enormous potential as an adsorbent material for dye separation from wastewaters. Graphic abstract
-
mechanically milled powder from Cotton Gin trash for diverse applications
Powder Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Abu Naser Md Ahsanul Haque, Rechana Remadevi, Xungai Wang, Maryam NaebeAbstract:Abstract There are very few reports, if any, on the physicochemical changes during the powder fabrication of Cotton Gin trash (CGT), an abundant source of lignocellulose. This particular study can be very informative for the production of new CGT composite materials. In our current study, we investigated the changes in particle size, morphology, surface area, chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal and moisture properties of CGT at different stages of the milling operation. An attritor milling of CGT up to 4 h reduced the particle size (from 144.2 μm to 6.2 μm) and enhanced the surface area up to 2.5 times without damaGing its oriGinal properties, including crystallinity and chemical structure. Milling operation beyond 4 h did not further reduce the particle size effectively, though affected the thermal stability of CGT. Overall, it is suggested that the milled CGT can be a sustainable source of lignocellulose powder for use in a wide area of applications.
