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Steven P. Lab - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chapter 2 – Crime Prevention
2014Co-Authors: Steven P. LabAbstract:For as long as people have been victimized, there have been attempts to protect oneself and one’s family. The term “Crime Prevention,” however, has only recently come to signify a set of ideas for combating Crime. Many people suggest that Crime Prevention today is new and unique. In reality, many recent activities classified as Crime Prevention can be seen throughout history, and “new” Crime Prevention ideas and techniques are often little more than reincarnations of past practices. This chapter offers a historical look at preventive activities and the development of modern Crime Prevention. The chapter also offers a definition for Crime Prevention and presents a general Crime Prevention model (as well as alternatives) that can be used to organize Crime Prevention discussions.
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Chapter 5 – Neighborhood Crime Prevention
2014Co-Authors: Steven P. LabAbstract:Physical design changes to prevent Crime often fail because of their inability to motivate residents and legitimate users to act against Crime. Second-generation CPTED seeks to directly build social cohesion, citizen participation, and resident action. The most recognized manifestation of the second-generation goals is neighborhood Crime Prevention, which seeks to directly influence resident behavior and, in turn, affect levels of Crime and fear. Neighborhood Crime Prevention techniques include neighborhood watch, neighborhood advocacy, citizen patrols, and physical design. This chapter discusses various forms of neighborhood Crime Prevention, the impact of neighborhood Crime Prevention, how to build guardianship among residents, and who participates in citizen Prevention actions.
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Neighborhood Crime Prevention
2010Co-Authors: Steven P. LabAbstract:Neighborhood Crime Prevention has become a major aspect of Crime Prevention. This chapter focuses on the basic idea of neighborhood Crime Prevention as a means of combating Crime and the fear of Crime, and discusses various neighborhood Crime Prevention approaches such as neighborhood/block watch, community anti-drugs programs, citizen patrols, and police-community development. These programs seek to involve the citizens in actions that should engender community/neighborhood cohesion, a sense of control, territoriality, and other factors that affects both fear and Crime. Many neighborhood watch programs include citizen patrols, whistle-stop programs, education programs, neighborhood advocacy, neighborhood clean-up, physical design changes, and property identification. The chapter discusses the problems and issues that hamper the evaluation of neighborhood Crime Prevention programs, research findings on domains of Crime Prevention, and the problematic assumptions underlying neighborhood watch. The chapter also tabulates the conceptual framework of neighborhood based Crime Prevention including the associated problems, strategies, intervening factors, intermediate factors, and long-term outcomes.
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Chapter 2 – Crime Prevention
2010Co-Authors: Steven P. LabAbstract:Publisher Summary Crime Prevention is an idea that has been around for as long as there has been Crime. While the form has changed and the term “Crime Prevention” is relatively new, the concern over safety is age-old. Crime Prevention can take a variety of forms. This chapter presents a discussion on Crime Prevention throughout history, the definition of Crime Prevention, and the general Crime Prevention model. The chapter also encompasses diverse Prevention methods ranging from physical design of homes and communities, to neighborhood watch, educating the public, unique interventions, the Prevention of drug abuse, and deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Crime Prevention is not limited to the work of the criminal justice system. Instead, it relies on the knowledge and abilities of a very diverse set of individuals and groups who work to apply scientific principles to the understanding and Prevention of Crime. Beyond just presenting a discussion of different Prevention approaches, this book attempts to provide insight to the effectiveness of each approach. Evaluating Prevention initiatives, however, is not without its own set of problems, which have been discussed in the chapter.
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Evaluation and Crime Prevention
2010Co-Authors: Steven P. LabAbstract:This chapter focuses on Crime Prevention techniques and approaches, and outlines some selected programs and issues. The chapter also presents the research and evaluations that have been carried out on the programs and examines the Prevention effort and the potential of the approach to effect Crime and the fear of Crime. The key criterion for assessing the effectiveness of various Crime Prevention methods is lower subsequent offending. Subsequent offending could be either initial criminal activity or recidivism. Low fear of Crime could come from any intervention mechanism, especially primary preventive techniques. Although a variety of other outcome measures have been used in assessing Crime Prevention programs, such as program operation, costs, and the number of clients served, the ultimate goals are reduction in Crime and fear. It is important to know the costs of programs. This does not indicate the ability of the intervention to alter Crime or fear of Crime. The preventive impact of different interventions should also be known.
David Weisburd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Introduction: Crime Mapping and Crime Prevention
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015Co-Authors: David Weisburd, Tom McewenAbstract:Crime maps have only recently begun to emerge as a significant tool in Crime and justice. Until a decade ago, few criminal justice agencies had any capability for creating Crime maps, and few investigators had the resources or patience to examine the spatial distribution of Crime. Today, however, Crime mapping is experiencing what might be termed an explosion of interest among both scholars and practitioners. This introduction begins by examining some early examples of mapping of Crime, focusing in particular on factors that inhibited the widespread integration of mapping into Crime Prevention research and practice in the past. It then turns to innovations in mapping technologies and Crime Prevention theory that have recently brought Crime mapping to the center of trends in Crime Prevention. The final section introduces the contributions that follow and discusses how they illustrate the many uses of mapping in Crime Prevention. It examines the pitfalls and problems that researchers and practitioners are likely to encounter in developing and analyzing maps, and the potential advances in Crime mapping we might expect in coming decades.
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Crime mapping and Crime Prevention
1998Co-Authors: David Weisburd, Tom McewenAbstract:Technological advances in computer mapping and information systems as well as theoretical innovation in Crime Prevention have combined to bring Crime mapping to the centre for Crime Prevention practice and policy. The contributors in this book from criminologists, geographers and Crime analysts, demonstrate the important role that Crime maps have begun to play in Crime Prevention theory and applications. They show how Crime mapping can be used in Crime Prevention programmes and point to its future applications.
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Identifying what works: Recent trends in Crime Prevention strategies
Crime Law and Social Change, 1997Co-Authors: Christy A. Visher, David WeisburdAbstract:This paper reviews lessons learned from evaluations of Crime Prevention programs in the past three decades and discusses how Crime Prevention approaches have changed in terms of theory, research, evaluation, and public policy. We argue that present strategies of Crime Prevention may be best understood by tracing the failures of earlier American Crime Prevention efforts. The paper discusses different types of Crime Prevention strategies and draws upon examples from developmental, law enforcement, and criminal justice approaches. From this discussion emerges a set of principles for a new approach to Crime Prevention that is specific in terms of the problems addressed and the contexts examined. The paper concludes with examples of recent Crime Prevention strategies that utilize these lessons and that appear to have promising effects on Crime. While these approaches suggest optimism in terms of the Crime Prevention potential of new strategies, we urge caution in that these new Crime Prevention efforts are at an early stage of development.
Ronald V. Clarke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Situational Crime Prevention: Theory, Practice and Evidence
Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 2019Co-Authors: John E. Eck, Ronald V. ClarkeAbstract:Situational Crime Prevention focuses on the settings for criminal acts rather than on the characteristics of offenders. It provides a practical approach to improving safety and challenges criminological theories based on offenders’ propensities for mischief. According to situational Crime Prevention, Crime is the result of an interaction between disposition and situation. Offenders choose to commit Crime based on their perceptions of available opportunities. Consequently, situational factors can stimulate Crime and addressing these factors can reduce Crime. Situational Crime Prevention focuses on very specific categories of Crime or disorder, and takes particular note of Crime concentrations. Understanding how Crimes are committed is critically important to situational Crime Prevention. It uses an action-research model and demands considering numerous possible alternative solutions. Situational Crime Prevention has been widely used across the globe and has been applied to minor deviance (e.g., littering), standard Crimes (e.g., burglary and robbery), and to extremely serious Crime (e.g., international terrorism and maritime piracy). The evidence for situational Crime Prevention effectiveness is substantial. Research clearly demonstrates that it does not inevitably displace Crime. In fact, it often reduces Crime near Prevention sites.
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Rational Choice and Situational Crime Prevention: Theoretical Foundations
2016Co-Authors: Graeme R. Newman, Ronald V. ClarkeAbstract:Contents: Introduction: Towards a theory of situational Crime Prevention, Graeme Newman Rational choice and the legal model of the criminal, Marcel Alexander Niggli Limited rationality and Crime, Karl-Dieter Opp Reconsidering the role of opportunity in situational Crime Prevention, Richard Wortley Situational aspects of violence, S. Giora Shoham Realism, situational rationality and Crime Prevention, Nick Tilley Situational Crime Prevention and the utilitarian tradition, Pietro Marongiu and Graeme Newman Situational Crime Prevention and the utilitarian theories of Jeremy Bentham, Graeme Newman and Pietro Marongiu Wartime operational research in Britain and situational Crime Prevention, Leslie T. Wilkins Criminology in crisis and the social demand for Crime Prevention, Gaetana Russo Philosophical justifications of situational Crime Prevention, Rene Seve The ethics of situational Crime Prevention, Marcus Felson and Ronald V. Clarke On the displacement of repeat victimization, Adam C. Bouloukos and Graham Farrell Predicting the future: the roles of routine activity and rational choice theory, Ken Pease.
Stephen Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice
2009Co-Authors: Stephen SchneiderAbstract:Crime Prevention: An Overview Theory and Practice of Crime Prevention: An Overview Dominant Crime Prevention Approaches Situational Crime Prevention and Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Crime Prevention through Social Development Crime Prevention through Social Development for Adolescents and Young Adults Community Crime Prevention Role of Government and Police in Crime Prevention The State and Crime Prevention Policing and Crime Prevention Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating a Crime Prevention Project Crime Prevention Project, Phase One: Planning Crime Prevention Project, Phase Two: Implementing a Crime Prevention Project Crime Prevention Project, Phases Three and Four: Evaluating and Adjusting the Crime Prevention Plan References Index
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Refocusing Crime Prevention: Collective Action and the Quest for Community
2007Co-Authors: Stephen SchneiderAbstract:PrefaceIntroductionPart One Theoretical and Empirical Background Community Crime Prevention: A Theoretical and Empirical Overview Mount Pleasant, Community Crime Prevention, and Participation in Local Collective ActionPart Two Obstacles to Participation in Community Crime Prevention Programs: Research Findings, Discussion, and Analysis Obstacles to Participation and Collective Action at the Individual Neighbourhood Level Organizational Obstacles to Participation in Community Crime Prevention Structural Obstacles to Collective Action Crime PreventionPart Three Reconceptualizing and Refocusing Community Crime Prevention Community Crime Prevention as Collective Action Crime Prevention through Community Development: An Integrated, Critically Oriented Approach to Local OrganizingNotesReferencesIndex
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Organizational Obstacles to Participation in Community Crime Prevention Programs
International Criminal Justice Review, 2000Co-Authors: Stephen SchneiderAbstract:The term "organizational obstacles" refers to impediments to participation in community Crime Prevention groups and activities that stem from program implementation weaknesses. Given the importance that community-based organizations (CBOs) play in mobilizing neighborhoods, these weaknesses can be fatal to collective Crime Prevention efforts. Based upon research in a poor, high-Crime neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada, this article identifies and examines how CBOs may actually inhibit participation in collective Crime Prevention groups and activities. Program implementation deficiencies that contributed to low participation rates in this neighborhood include weak and ineffectual community outreach and communication, a lack of strong leadership, inadequate resources, a technical and instrumental approach to Crime Prevention, and the nurturing of a narrow sociodemographic identity of Crime Prevention program participants that may be exclusionary. The inadequacies of the dominant Crime Prevention theories and ...
Tom Mcewen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Introduction: Crime Mapping and Crime Prevention
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015Co-Authors: David Weisburd, Tom McewenAbstract:Crime maps have only recently begun to emerge as a significant tool in Crime and justice. Until a decade ago, few criminal justice agencies had any capability for creating Crime maps, and few investigators had the resources or patience to examine the spatial distribution of Crime. Today, however, Crime mapping is experiencing what might be termed an explosion of interest among both scholars and practitioners. This introduction begins by examining some early examples of mapping of Crime, focusing in particular on factors that inhibited the widespread integration of mapping into Crime Prevention research and practice in the past. It then turns to innovations in mapping technologies and Crime Prevention theory that have recently brought Crime mapping to the center of trends in Crime Prevention. The final section introduces the contributions that follow and discusses how they illustrate the many uses of mapping in Crime Prevention. It examines the pitfalls and problems that researchers and practitioners are likely to encounter in developing and analyzing maps, and the potential advances in Crime mapping we might expect in coming decades.
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Crime mapping and Crime Prevention
1998Co-Authors: David Weisburd, Tom McewenAbstract:Technological advances in computer mapping and information systems as well as theoretical innovation in Crime Prevention have combined to bring Crime mapping to the centre for Crime Prevention practice and policy. The contributors in this book from criminologists, geographers and Crime analysts, demonstrate the important role that Crime maps have begun to play in Crime Prevention theory and applications. They show how Crime mapping can be used in Crime Prevention programmes and point to its future applications.