The Experts below are selected from a list of 165 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Thomas F. Tedder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • new cd from the b cell section of the fifth international workshop on human leukocyte Differentiation Antigens
    Leukemia & Lymphoma, 1994
    Co-Authors: Pablo Engel, Thomas F. Tedder
    Abstract:

    This review summaries the expression and the molecular and biochemical characteristics of eight new Clusters of Differentiation (CD79-CD86) established by the B cell Section during the Fifth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens. CD79 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) identify the mbl (CD79 alpha) and B29 (CD79 beta) components of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor complex. CD80 (B7/BB-1) is a costimulatory molecule that serves as the ligand for two molecules expressed on T lymphocytes, CD28 and CTLA-4. CD81 (TAPA-1) and CD82 (R2) are new members of the tetra-spans family of transmembrane proteins, which include CD9, CD37, CD53 and CD63. These proteins are postulated to be involved in signal transduction. CD83 (HB15) is a marker for human interdigitating reticulum cells, circulating dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. CDw84 and CD85 are new B cell-associated molecules that are also expressed by monocytes. CD86 is a new B cell activation antigen.

  • The HB-6, CDw75, and CD76 Differentiation Antigens are unique cell-surface carbohydrate determinants generated by the beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase.
    The Journal of cell biology, 1992
    Co-Authors: B. J. E. G. Bast, Liang-ji Zhou, Gordon J. Freeman, K. J. Colley, T J Ernst, J M Munro, Thomas F. Tedder
    Abstract:

    Expression of the beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase (alpha 2,6-ST) was shown to regulate the generation of multiple cell-surface Differentiation Antigens (Ags) that may be necessary for lymphocyte function. A new mAb was produced, termed HB-6, that was shown to identify a novel neuraminidase-sensitive cell-surface Ag expressed by subpopulations of human lymphocytes and erythrocytes. In attempting to isolate a cDNA encoding the HB-6 antigen by expression cloning, a cDNA encoding the alpha 2,6-ST (EC 2.4.99.1) was obtained. Since expression of the alpha 2,6-ST protein was shown to be limited to the Golgi apparatus, the cell-surface HB-6 Ag was demonstrated to be the product of alpha 2,6-ST activity. Interestingly, alpha 2,6-ST expression also generated two other neuraminidase-sensitive lymphocyte cell-surface Differentiation Ags, CDw75, and CD76. The HB-6, CDw75, and CD76 mAb identified distinct Ags that were differentially expressed by different B cell lines and exhibited different patterns of expression in tissue sections. These results indicate that alpha 2,6-ST expression is a critical regulatory step in the formation of the Ags that are recognized by these mAb, and that an alpha 2,6-linked sialic acid residue is an essential component of each Ag. Thus, expression of a single ST can result in the generation of multiple distinct antigenic determinants on the cell surface which can be distinguished by mAb and may have regulatory roles in lymphocyte function.

Heddy Zola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • human leukocyte Differentiation Antigens as therapeutic targets the cd molecules and cd antibodies
    Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2001
    Co-Authors: Heddy Zola
    Abstract:

    The cell membrane presents an attractive target in a number of different disease situations. Most obviously, malignant cells may be killed by damaging their cell membranes. There are also more subtle, though effective, ways of rendering cells harmless by engaging proteins at the cell surface. The cells of the immune system may be targeted, for example to stop a damaging immune reaction, such as acute inflammation or rejection of a transplanted organ. If we are to make the best use of the opportunities to modulate disease by targeting the cell membrane, we need a detailed understanding of the many proteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids that are attached to or inserted in the cell membrane. The CD (cluster of Differentiation) Workshops, more properly known as the HLDA (Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens) Workshops have, since 1982, focussed on the study of the membrane molecules of leukocytes, including the major cells of the immune system and malignant cells derived from them. The scope has extended to molecules on endothelium which are important in interaction with leukocytes. Many of the molecules characterised as leukocyte Antigens are also expressed on other tissue. The approaches developed by the HLDA Workshops are useful in the study of the molecular composition and function of cells of other organ systems. Some of the antibodies produced in order to study the CD molecules have proved useful as therapeutic agents. This review describes the CD system, how it has developed and what it means and introduces the field of therapy based on antibodies against CD or similar molecules. The author is responsible for organising the next (8th) HLDA Workshop and invites readers to suggest ways in which the therapeutic relevance of the Workshop may be enhanced.

Alexei Kirkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recognition of human tumours: melanoma Differentiation Antigens
    Cancer Immunology, 2001
    Co-Authors: J. Zeuthen, Alexei Kirkin
    Abstract:

    Investigation of the immune response against human melanomas demonstrated that self-proteins belonging to lineage-specific Differentiation Antigens are commonly recognised by melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Originally discovered for tyrosinase [1], it was later demonstrated for other melanosome proteins: gp100, Melan-A/MART-1, TRP-1 and TRP-2. A number of antigenic epitopes have been characterised in these Antigens, opening up new possibilities for the immunotherapy of malignant melanomas. The first clinical trials have already been started [2–5]. In this chapter, we will concentrate on the available data concerning the characterisation of melanoma-associated Differentiation Antigens with focus on their immunogenic and protective properties.

Steven A Rosenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • immunogenicity and tolerability of personalized mrna vaccine mrna 4650 encoding defined neoAntigens expressed by the autologous cancer
    Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Gal Cafri, Jared J Gartner, Kristen Hopson, Robert S Meehan, Tal Z Zaks, Paul D Robbins, Steven A Rosenberg
    Abstract:

    2643Background: Therapeutic vaccination against cancer has proven very challenging with little clinical benefit. Vaccines against non-viral tumors have mainly targeted Differentiation Antigens, can...

  • vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a self antigen induces autoimmune vitiligo and tumor cell destruction in mice requirement for cd4 t lymphocytes
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999
    Co-Authors: Willem W Overwijk, Steven A Rosenberg, David S Lee, Deborah R Surman, Kari R Irvine, Christopher E Touloukian, Chichao Chan, Miles W Carroll, Bernard Moss, Nicholas P Restifo
    Abstract:

    Many human and mouse tumor Antigens are normal, nonmutated tissue Differentiation Antigens. Consequently, immunization with these “self” Antigens could induce autoimmunity. When we tried to induce immune responses to five mouse melanocyte Differentiation Antigens, gp100, MART-1, tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP) 1 and TRP-2, we observed striking depigmentation and melanocyte destruction only in the skin of mice inoculated with a vaccinia virus encoding mouse TRP-1. These mice rejected a lethal challenge of B16 melanoma, indicating the immune response against TRP-1 could destroy both normal and malignant melanocytes. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for TRP-1 could not be detected in depigmented mice, but high titers of IgG anti-TRP-1 antibodies were present. Experiments with knockout mice revealed an absolute dependence on major histocompatibility complex class II, but not major histocompatibility complex class I, for the induction of both vitiligo and tumor protection. Together, these results suggest that the deliberate induction of self-reactivity using a recombinant viral vector can lead to tumor destruction, and that in this model, CD4+ T lymphocytes are an integral part of this process. Vaccine strategies targeting tissue Differentiation Antigens may be valuable in cancers arising from nonessential cells and organs such as melanocytes, prostate, testis, breast, and ovary.

Jonathan Cebon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Desmoplastic melanoma: comparison of expression of Differentiation Antigens and cancer testis Antigens
    Melanoma Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Judy Browning, Duncan Macgregor, Ian D. Davis, Jonathan Cebon
    Abstract:

    : Desmoplastic melanoma is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies to melanoma Antigens can complement morphologic evaluation. Although staining for S100 protein is generally positive, staining for other melanoma Differentiation Antigens, particularly gp100, Melan-A/MART1 and tyrosinase, is often negative despite being commonly positive in other melanoma types. A high clinical index of suspicion and better diagnostic techniques are essential as atypical features and incorrect diagnosis can lead to poor clinical outcomes. Antigens associated with melanoma, such as the melanocyte Differentiation and cancer testis antigen, may become important targets for immune therapies. We characterized the patterns of antigen expression of desmoplastic melanoma from 32 patients, including gp100, Melan-A/MART-1, tyrosinase, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1. Consistent positive staining with S100 was observed. Differentiation Antigens were expressed more frequently than cancer testis Antigens regardless of the histological subtype of desmoplastic melanoma. When present, cancer testis antigen expression correlated to positive staining with Differentiation Antigens. The diagnostic yield of desmoplastic melanoma did not increase with the addition of cancer testis antigen typing. Low levels of expression of cancer testis antigen may indicate that they are suboptimal targets for vaccine development in desmoplastic melanoma.