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Arvind Varsani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Single stranded DNA Viruses associated with Capybara Faeces sampled in Brazil.
Viruses, 2019Co-Authors: Rafaela S. Fontenele, Arvind Varsani, Kara Schmidlin, Cristiano Lacorte, N. S. Lamas, Simone G. RibeiroAbstract:Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), the world’s largest rodents, are distributed throughout South America. These wild herbivores are commonly found near water bodies and are well adapted to rural and urban areas. There is limited information on the Viruses circulating through capybaras. This study aimed to expand the knowledge on the viral diversity associated with capybaras by sampling their faeces. Using a viral metagenomics approach, we identified diverse single-stranded DNA Viruses in the capybara faeces sampled in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. A total of 148 complete genomes of Viruses in the Microviridae family were identified. In addition, 14 genomoViruses (family Genomoviridae), a novel cyclovirus (family Circoviridae), and a smacovirus (family Smacoviridae) were identified. Also, 37 diverse Viruses that cannot be assigned to known families and more broadly referred to as unclassified circular replication associated protein encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA Viruses were identified. This study provides a snapshot of the viral diversity associated with capybaras that may be infectious to these animals or associated with their microbiota or diet.
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Multiple origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-stranded DNA Viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids
Nature Communications, 2019Co-Authors: Darius Kazlauskas, Arvind Varsani, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart KrupovicAbstract:Single-stranded (ss) DNA Viruses are a major component of the earth virome. In particular, the circular, Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) Viruses show high diversity and abundance in various habitats. By combining sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analyses of the replication proteins (Rep) belonging to the HUH endonuclease superfamily, we show that the replication machinery of the CRESS-DNA Viruses evolved, on three independent occasions, from the Reps of bacterial rolling circle-replicating plasmids. The CRESS-DNA Viruses emerged via recombination between such plasmids and cDNA copies of capsid genes of eukaryotic positive-sense RNA Viruses. Similarly, the rep genes of prokaryotic DNA Viruses appear to have evolved from HUH endonuclease genes of various bacterial and archaeal plasmids. Our findings also suggest that eukaryotic polyomaViruses and papillomaViruses with dsDNA genomes have evolved via parvoViruses from CRESS-DNA Viruses. Collectively, our results shed light on the complex evolutionary history of a major class of Viruses revealing its polyphyletic origins. Most single-stranded DNA Viruses have small genomes replicated by rolling circle mechanism which is initiated by the Rep protein. Here, using sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analyses, Kazlauskas et al. show that viral Reps evolved from Reps of bacterial and archaeal plasmids on multiple independent occasions.
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Multiple origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-stranded DNA Viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids
Nature Communications, 2019Co-Authors: Darius Kazlauskas, Arvind Varsani, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart KrupovicAbstract:Single-stranded (ss) DNA Viruses are a major component of the earth virome. In particular, the circular, Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) Viruses show high diversity and abundance in various habitats. By combining sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analyses of the replication proteins (Rep) belonging to the HUH endonuclease superfamily, we show that the replication machinery of the CRESS-DNA Viruses evolved, on three independent occasions , from the Reps of bacterial rolling circle-replicating plasmids. The CRESS-DNA Viruses emerged via recombination between such plasmids and cDNA copies of capsid genes of eukaryotic positive-sense RNA Viruses. Similarly, the rep genes of prokaryotic DNA Viruses appear to have evolved from HUH endonuclease genes of various bacterial and archaeal plasmids. Our findings also suggest that eukaryotic polyomaViruses and papillomaViruses with dsDNA genomes have evolved via parvoViruses from CRESS-DNA Viruses. Collectively, our results shed light on the complex evolutionary history of a major class of Viruses revealing its polyphyletic origins.
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Diverse single-stranded DNA Viruses associated with honey bees (Apis mellifera).
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Simona Kraberger, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Kara Schmidlin, Chelsea N. Cook, Joshua Bautista, Brian H. Smith, Arvind VarsaniAbstract:Abstract Honey bees (Apis mellifera) research has increased in light of their progressive global decline over the last decade and the important role they play in pollination. One expanding area of honey bee research is analysis of their microbial community including Viruses. Several RNA Viruses have been characterized but little is known about DNA Viruses associated with bees. Here, using a metagenomics based approach, we reveal the presence of a broad range of novel single-stranded DNA Viruses from the hemolymph and brain of nurse and forager (worker divisions of labour) bees belonging to two honey bees subspecies, Italian (Apis mellifera linguistica) and New World Carniolan (Apis mellifera carnica). Genomes of 100 diverse Viruses were identified, designated into three groupings; genomoViruses (family Genomoviridae) (n = 4), unclassified replication associated protein encoding single-stranded DNA Viruses (n = 28), and microViruses (family Microviridae; subfamily Gokushovirinae) (n = 70). Amongst the Viruses identified, it appears that nurses harbour a higher diversity of these Viruses comparative to the foragers. Between subspecies, the most striking outcome was the extremely high number of diverse microViruses identified in the Italian bees comparative to the New World Carniolan, likely indicating an association to the diversity of the bacterial community associated with these subspecies.
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Novel circular DNA Viruses associated with Apiaceae and Poaceae from South Africa and New Zealand
Archives of Virology, 2019Co-Authors: Cecile Richet, Simona Kraberger, Pauline Bernardo, Darren P. Martin, Philippe Roumagnac, Denis Filloux, Gordon W. Harkins, Arvind VarsaniAbstract:Advances in molecular techniques used in viral metagenomics coupled with high throughput sequencing is rapidly expanding our knowledge of plant-associated virus diversity. Applying such approaches, we have identified five novel circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA Viruses from Poaceae and Apiaceae plant from South Africa and New Zealand. These Viruses have a simple genomic organization, including two open reading frames that likely encode a Rep and a capsid protein (CP), a conserved nonanucleotide motif on the apex of a putative stem loop structure, and conserved rolling-circle replication and helicase motifs within their likely Rep: all suggesting that they replicate through rolling-circle replication. The Reps and the CPs putatively encoded by these five novel Viruses share low to moderate degrees of similarity (22.1 - 44.6%) with other CRESS DNA Viruses.
Karyna Rosario - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel Circular Rep-Encoding Single-Stranded DNA Viruses Detected in Treated Wastewater
Microbiology resource announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Karyna Rosario, C. Morrison, Kaitlin A. Mettel, Walter Q. BetancourtAbstract:ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequences of three circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) Viruses detected in secondary treated and disinfected wastewater effluent. The discovered Viruses, named wastewater CRESS DNA virus (WCDV)-1 to -3, represent novel viral species that seem to persist in wastewater effluent.
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Novel Circular Rep-Encoding Single-Stranded DNA Viruses Detected in Treated Wastewater.
Microbiology resource announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Karyna Rosario, C. Morrison, Kaitlin A. Mettel, Walter Q. BetancourtAbstract:ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequences of three circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) Viruses detected in secondary treated and disinfected wastewater effluent. The discovered Viruses, named wastewater CRESS DNA virus (WCDV)-1 to -3, represent novel viral species that seem to persist in wastewater effluent.
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eukaryotic circular rep encoding single stranded DNA cress DNA Viruses ubiquitous Viruses with small genomes and a diverse host range
Advances in Virus Research, 2019Co-Authors: Lele Zhao, Mya Breitbart, Karyna Rosario, Siobain DuffyAbstract:Abstract While single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was once thought to be a relatively rare genomic architecture for Viruses, modern metagenomics sequencing has revealed circular ssDNA Viruses in most environments and in association with diverse hosts. In particular, circular ssDNA Viruses encoding a homologous replication-associated protein (Rep) have been identified in the majority of eukaryotic supergroups, generating interest in the ecological effects and evolutionary history of circular Rep-encoding ssDNA Viruses (CRESS DNA) Viruses. This review surveys the explosion of sequence diversity and expansion of eukaryotic CRESS DNA taxonomic groups over the last decade, highlights similarities between the well-studied geminiViruses and circoViruses with newly identified groups known only through their genome sequences, discusses the ecology and evolution of eukaryotic CRESS DNA Viruses, and speculates on future research horizons.
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virus discovery in all three major lineages of terrestrial arthropods highlights the diversity of single stranded DNA Viruses associated with invertebrates
PeerJ, 2018Co-Authors: Karyna Rosario, Kaitlin A. Mettel, Christopher C. M. Baker, Bayleigh E Benner, Ryan C Johnson, Catherine Scott, Sohath Z Yusseffvanegas, Deby L Cassill, Caroline StorerAbstract:Viruses encoding a replication-associated protein (Rep) within a covalently closed, single-stranded (ss)DNA genome are among the smallest Viruses known to infect eukaryotic organisms, including economically valuable agricultural crops and livestock. Although circular Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS DNA) Viruses are a widespread group for which our knowledge is rapidly expanding, biased sampling toward vertebrates and land plants has limited our understanding of their diversity and evolution. Here, we screened terrestrial arthropods for CRESS DNA Viruses and report the identification of 44 viral genomes and replicons associated with specimens representing all three major terrestrial arthropod lineages, namely Euchelicerata (spiders), Hexapoda (insects), and Myriapoda (millipedes). We identified virus genomes belonging to three established CRESS DNA viral families (Circoviridae, Genomoviridae, and Smacoviridae); however, over half of the arthropod-associated viral genomes are only distantly related to currently classified CRESS DNA viral sequences. Although members of viral and satellite families known to infect plants (Geminiviridae, Nanoviridae, Alphasatellitidae) were not identified in this study, these plant-infecting CRESS DNA Viruses and replicons are transmitted by hemipterans. Therefore, members from six out of the seven established CRESS DNA viral families circulate among arthropods. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of Reps, including endogenous viral sequences, reported to date from a wide array of organisms revealed that most of the known CRESS DNA viral diversity circulates among invertebrates. Our results highlight the vast and unexplored diversity of CRESS DNA Viruses among invertebrates and parallel findings from RNA viral discovery efforts in undersampled taxa.
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Discovery of Four Novel Circular Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in Fungus-Farming Termites
Genome Announcements, 2018Co-Authors: Mason Kerr, Karyna Rosario, Christopher C. M. Baker, Mya BreitbartAbstract:ABSTRACT Here, we describe four novel circular single-stranded DNA Viruses discovered in fungus-farming termites (Odontotermes sp.). The Viruses, named termite-associated circular virus 1 (TaCV-1) through TaCV-4, are most similar to members of the family Genomoviridae and were widely detected in African termite mounds.
Simona Kraberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virus Discovery in Desert Tortoise Fecal Samples: Novel Circular Single-Stranded DNA Viruses
Viruses, 2020Co-Authors: Joseph P Orton, Matheo Morales, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Kara Schmidlin, Simona Kraberger, Daniel J. Leavitt, Timothy H. Webster, Melissa A. Wilson, Kenro Kusumi, Greer A. DolbyAbstract:The Sonoran Desert tortoise Gopherus morafkai is adapted to the desert, and plays an important ecological role in this environment. There is limited information on the viral diversity associated with tortoises (family Testudinidae), and to date no DNA virus has been identified associated with these animals. This study aimed to assess the diversity of DNA Viruses associated with the Sonoran Desert tortoise by sampling their fecal matter. A viral metagenomics approach was used to identify the DNA Viruses in fecal samples from wild Sonoran Desert tortoises in Arizona, USA. In total, 156 novel single-stranded DNA Viruses were identified from 40 fecal samples. Those belonged to two known viral families, the Genomoviridae (n = 27) and Microviridae (n = 119). In addition, 10 genomes were recovered that belong to the unclassified group of circular-replication associated protein encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA virus and five circular molecules encoding viral-like proteins.
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Diverse single-stranded DNA Viruses associated with honey bees (Apis mellifera).
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Simona Kraberger, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Kara Schmidlin, Chelsea N. Cook, Joshua Bautista, Brian H. Smith, Arvind VarsaniAbstract:Abstract Honey bees (Apis mellifera) research has increased in light of their progressive global decline over the last decade and the important role they play in pollination. One expanding area of honey bee research is analysis of their microbial community including Viruses. Several RNA Viruses have been characterized but little is known about DNA Viruses associated with bees. Here, using a metagenomics based approach, we reveal the presence of a broad range of novel single-stranded DNA Viruses from the hemolymph and brain of nurse and forager (worker divisions of labour) bees belonging to two honey bees subspecies, Italian (Apis mellifera linguistica) and New World Carniolan (Apis mellifera carnica). Genomes of 100 diverse Viruses were identified, designated into three groupings; genomoViruses (family Genomoviridae) (n = 4), unclassified replication associated protein encoding single-stranded DNA Viruses (n = 28), and microViruses (family Microviridae; subfamily Gokushovirinae) (n = 70). Amongst the Viruses identified, it appears that nurses harbour a higher diversity of these Viruses comparative to the foragers. Between subspecies, the most striking outcome was the extremely high number of diverse microViruses identified in the Italian bees comparative to the New World Carniolan, likely indicating an association to the diversity of the bacterial community associated with these subspecies.
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Novel circular DNA Viruses associated with Apiaceae and Poaceae from South Africa and New Zealand
Archives of Virology, 2019Co-Authors: Cecile Richet, Simona Kraberger, Pauline Bernardo, Darren P. Martin, Philippe Roumagnac, Denis Filloux, Gordon W. Harkins, Arvind VarsaniAbstract:Advances in molecular techniques used in viral metagenomics coupled with high throughput sequencing is rapidly expanding our knowledge of plant-associated virus diversity. Applying such approaches, we have identified five novel circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA Viruses from Poaceae and Apiaceae plant from South Africa and New Zealand. These Viruses have a simple genomic organization, including two open reading frames that likely encode a Rep and a capsid protein (CP), a conserved nonanucleotide motif on the apex of a putative stem loop structure, and conserved rolling-circle replication and helicase motifs within their likely Rep: all suggesting that they replicate through rolling-circle replication. The Reps and the CPs putatively encoded by these five novel Viruses share low to moderate degrees of similarity (22.1 - 44.6%) with other CRESS DNA Viruses.
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Genome Sequences of Two Single-Stranded DNA Viruses Identified in Varroa destructor
Genome Announcements, 2018Co-Authors: Simona Kraberger, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Gabriel Visnovsky, Ron F. Van Toor, Maketalena F. Male, Kara Waits, Arvind VarsaniAbstract:ABSTRACT Varroa destructor is a ubiquitous and parasitic mite of honey bees, infecting them with pathogenic Viruses having a major impact on apiculture. We identified two novel circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA Viruses from V. destructor sampled from a honey bee hive near Christchurch in New Zealand.
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Circular replication-associated protein encoding DNA Viruses identified in the faecal matter of various animals in New Zealand
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Olivia Steel, Simona Kraberger, Alyssa Sikorski, Laura M. Young, Ryan J. Catchpole, Aaron J. Stevens, Jenny J. Ladley, Dorien S. Coray, Daisy Stainton, Anisha DayaramAbstract:In recent years, innovations in molecular techniques and sequencing technologies have resulted in a rapid expansion in the number of known viral sequences, in particular those with circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA genomes. CRESS DNA Viruses are present in the virome of many ecosystems and are known to infect a wide range of organisms. A large number of the recently identified CRESS DNA Viruses cannot be classified into any known viral families, indicating that the current view of CRESS DNA viral sequence space is greatly underestimated. Animal faecal matter has proven to be a particularly useful source for sampling CRESS DNA Viruses in an ecosystem, as it is cost-effective and non-invasive. In this study a viral metagenomic approach was used to explore the diversity of CRESS DNA Viruses present in the faeces of domesticated and wild animals in New Zealand. Thirty-eight complete CRESS DNA viral genomes and two circular molecules (that may be defective molecules or single components of multicomponent genomes) were identified from forty-nine individual animal faecal samples. Based on shared genome organisations and sequence similarities, eighteen of the isolates were classified as gemycircularViruses and twelve isolates were classified as smacoViruses. The remaining eight isolates lack significant sequence similarity with any members of known CRESS DNA virus groups. This research adds significantly to our knowledge of CRESS DNA viral diversity in New Zealand, emphasising the prevalence of CRESS DNA Viruses in nature, and reinforcing the suggestion that a large proportion of CRESS DNA Viruses are yet to be identified.
Mart Krupovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multiple origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-stranded DNA Viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids
Nature Communications, 2019Co-Authors: Darius Kazlauskas, Arvind Varsani, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart KrupovicAbstract:Single-stranded (ss) DNA Viruses are a major component of the earth virome. In particular, the circular, Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) Viruses show high diversity and abundance in various habitats. By combining sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analyses of the replication proteins (Rep) belonging to the HUH endonuclease superfamily, we show that the replication machinery of the CRESS-DNA Viruses evolved, on three independent occasions, from the Reps of bacterial rolling circle-replicating plasmids. The CRESS-DNA Viruses emerged via recombination between such plasmids and cDNA copies of capsid genes of eukaryotic positive-sense RNA Viruses. Similarly, the rep genes of prokaryotic DNA Viruses appear to have evolved from HUH endonuclease genes of various bacterial and archaeal plasmids. Our findings also suggest that eukaryotic polyomaViruses and papillomaViruses with dsDNA genomes have evolved via parvoViruses from CRESS-DNA Viruses. Collectively, our results shed light on the complex evolutionary history of a major class of Viruses revealing its polyphyletic origins. Most single-stranded DNA Viruses have small genomes replicated by rolling circle mechanism which is initiated by the Rep protein. Here, using sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analyses, Kazlauskas et al. show that viral Reps evolved from Reps of bacterial and archaeal plasmids on multiple independent occasions.
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Multiple origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-stranded DNA Viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids
Nature Communications, 2019Co-Authors: Darius Kazlauskas, Arvind Varsani, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart KrupovicAbstract:Single-stranded (ss) DNA Viruses are a major component of the earth virome. In particular, the circular, Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) Viruses show high diversity and abundance in various habitats. By combining sequence similarity network and phylogenetic analyses of the replication proteins (Rep) belonging to the HUH endonuclease superfamily, we show that the replication machinery of the CRESS-DNA Viruses evolved, on three independent occasions , from the Reps of bacterial rolling circle-replicating plasmids. The CRESS-DNA Viruses emerged via recombination between such plasmids and cDNA copies of capsid genes of eukaryotic positive-sense RNA Viruses. Similarly, the rep genes of prokaryotic DNA Viruses appear to have evolved from HUH endonuclease genes of various bacterial and archaeal plasmids. Our findings also suggest that eukaryotic polyomaViruses and papillomaViruses with dsDNA genomes have evolved via parvoViruses from CRESS-DNA Viruses. Collectively, our results shed light on the complex evolutionary history of a major class of Viruses revealing its polyphyletic origins.
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Pervasive Chimerism in the Replication-Associated Proteins of Uncultured Single-Stranded DNA Viruses
Viruses, 2018Co-Authors: Darius Kazlauskas, Arvind Varsani, Mart KrupovicAbstract:Numerous metagenomic studies have uncovered a remarkable diversity of circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA Viruses, the majority of which are uncultured and unclassified. Unlike capsid proteins, the Reps show significant similarity across different groups of CRESS DNA Viruses and have conserved domain organization with the N-terminal nuclease and the C-terminal helicase domain. Consequently, Rep is widely used as a marker for identification, classification and assessment of the diversity of CRESS DNA Viruses. However, it has been shown that in certain Viruses the Rep nuclease and helicase domains display incongruent evolutionary histories. Here, we systematically evaluated the co-evolutionary patterns of the two Rep domains across classified and unclassified CRESS DNA Viruses. Our analysis indicates that the Reps encoded by members of the families BacillaDNAviridae, Circoviridae, Geminiviridae, Genomoviridae, Nanoviridae and Smacoviridae display largely congruent evolutionary patterns in the two domains. By contrast, among the unclassified CRESS DNA Viruses, 71% appear to have chimeric Reps. Such massive chimerism suggests that unclassified CRESS DNA Viruses represent a dynamic population in which exchange of gene fragments encoding the nuclease and helicase domains is extremely common. Furthermore, purging of the chimeric sequences uncovered six monophyletic Rep groups that may represent new families of CRESS DNA Viruses.
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Smacoviridae: a new family of animal-associated single-stranded DNA Viruses.
Archives of Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Arvind Varsani, Mart KrupovicAbstract:SmacoViruses have small (∼2.3-2.9 kb), circular single-stranded DNA genomes encoding rolling circle replication-associated proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins. Although smacoViruses are prevalent in faecal matter of various vertebrates, including humans, none of these Viruses have been cultured thus far. SmacoViruses display ∼45% genome-wide sequence diversity, which is very similar to that found within other families of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA Viruses, including members of the families Geminiviridae (46% diversity) and Genomoviridae (47% diversity). Here, we announce the creation of a new family Smacoviridae and describe a sequence-based taxonomic framework which was used to classify 83 smacovirus genomes into 43 species within six new genera, Bovismacovirus (n=3), Cosmacovirus (n=1), Dragsmacovirus (n=1), Drosmacovirus (n=3), Huchismacovirus (n=7), and Porprismacovirus (n=28). As in the case of genomoViruses, the species demarcation is based on the genome-wide pairwise identity, whereas genera are established based on the Rep amino acid sequence identity coupled with strong phylogenetic support. A similar sequence-based taxonomic framework should guide the classification of an astonishing diversity of other uncultured and currently unclassified CRESS DNA Viruses discovered by metagenomic approaches.
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Smacoviridae: a new family of animal-associated single-stranded DNA Viruses
Archives of Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Arvind Varsani, Mart KrupovicAbstract:SmacoViruses have small (∼2.3-2.9 kb), circular single-stranded DNA genomes encoding rolling circle replication-associated proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins. Although smacoViruses are prevalent in faecal matter of various vertebrates, including humans, none of these Viruses have been cultured thus far. SmacoViruses display ∼45% genome-wide sequence diversity, which is very similar to that found within other families of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA Viruses, including members of the families Geminiviridae (46% diversity) and Genomoviridae (47% diversity). Here, we announce the creation of a new family Smacoviridae and describe a sequence-based taxonomic framework which was used to classify 83 smacovirus genomes into 43 species within six new genera, Bovismacovirus (n=3), Cosmacovirus (n=1), Dragsmacovirus (n=1), Drosmacovirus (n=3), Huchismacovirus (n=7), and Porprismacovirus (n=28). As in the case of genomoViruses, the species demarcation is based on the genome-wide pairwise identity, whereas genera are established based on the Rep amino acid sequence identity coupled with strong phylogenetic support. A similar sequence-based taxonomic framework should guide the classification of an astonishing diversity of other uncultured and currently unclassified CRESS DNA Viruses discovered by metagenomic approaches.
Kaitlin A. Mettel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel Circular Rep-Encoding Single-Stranded DNA Viruses Detected in Treated Wastewater
Microbiology resource announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Karyna Rosario, C. Morrison, Kaitlin A. Mettel, Walter Q. BetancourtAbstract:ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequences of three circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) Viruses detected in secondary treated and disinfected wastewater effluent. The discovered Viruses, named wastewater CRESS DNA virus (WCDV)-1 to -3, represent novel viral species that seem to persist in wastewater effluent.
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Novel Circular Rep-Encoding Single-Stranded DNA Viruses Detected in Treated Wastewater.
Microbiology resource announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Karyna Rosario, C. Morrison, Kaitlin A. Mettel, Walter Q. BetancourtAbstract:ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequences of three circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) Viruses detected in secondary treated and disinfected wastewater effluent. The discovered Viruses, named wastewater CRESS DNA virus (WCDV)-1 to -3, represent novel viral species that seem to persist in wastewater effluent.
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virus discovery in all three major lineages of terrestrial arthropods highlights the diversity of single stranded DNA Viruses associated with invertebrates
PeerJ, 2018Co-Authors: Karyna Rosario, Kaitlin A. Mettel, Christopher C. M. Baker, Bayleigh E Benner, Ryan C Johnson, Catherine Scott, Sohath Z Yusseffvanegas, Deby L Cassill, Caroline StorerAbstract:Viruses encoding a replication-associated protein (Rep) within a covalently closed, single-stranded (ss)DNA genome are among the smallest Viruses known to infect eukaryotic organisms, including economically valuable agricultural crops and livestock. Although circular Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS DNA) Viruses are a widespread group for which our knowledge is rapidly expanding, biased sampling toward vertebrates and land plants has limited our understanding of their diversity and evolution. Here, we screened terrestrial arthropods for CRESS DNA Viruses and report the identification of 44 viral genomes and replicons associated with specimens representing all three major terrestrial arthropod lineages, namely Euchelicerata (spiders), Hexapoda (insects), and Myriapoda (millipedes). We identified virus genomes belonging to three established CRESS DNA viral families (Circoviridae, Genomoviridae, and Smacoviridae); however, over half of the arthropod-associated viral genomes are only distantly related to currently classified CRESS DNA viral sequences. Although members of viral and satellite families known to infect plants (Geminiviridae, Nanoviridae, Alphasatellitidae) were not identified in this study, these plant-infecting CRESS DNA Viruses and replicons are transmitted by hemipterans. Therefore, members from six out of the seven established CRESS DNA viral families circulate among arthropods. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of Reps, including endogenous viral sequences, reported to date from a wide array of organisms revealed that most of the known CRESS DNA viral diversity circulates among invertebrates. Our results highlight the vast and unexplored diversity of CRESS DNA Viruses among invertebrates and parallel findings from RNA viral discovery efforts in undersampled taxa.
