The Experts below are selected from a list of 270 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark L. Howe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Nature of Early Memory: An Adaptive Theory of the Genesis and Development of Memory
2011Co-Authors: Mark L. HoweAbstract:Part I: The Significance and Earliest Signs of Early Memory 1. On the Importance of Studying Early Memory 2. Studying Memory in Nonverbal Human Organisms 3. Neurobiological Development and the Beginnings of Early Memory Part II: Infantile Amnesia, Autobiographical Memory, and the Remembering Self 4. Infantile Amnesia in Human and Nonhuman Animals 5. The Onset and Early Development of Autobiographical Remembering 6. Consciousness and Early Memory Development Part III: The Role of Distinctiveness, Emotion, Stress, and Trauma in Memory Development 7. Distinctiveness and Emotion in Early Memory Development 8. Chronic Stress and Maltreatment in Early Memory Development 9. Children's False Memory Illusions Part IV: The Adaptive Nature of Memory and its Development 10. Evolutionary and Adaptive Significance of the Genesis and Early Development of Memory References Author Index
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Trichotomous processes in Early Memory development, aging, and neurocognitive impairment: A unified theory.
Psychological review, 2009Co-Authors: Charles J. Brainerd, Valerie F. Reyna, Mark L. HoweAbstract:One of the most extensively investigated topics in the adult Memory literature, dual Memory processes, has had virtually no impact on the study of Early Memory development. The authors remove the key obstacles to such research by formulating a trichotomous theory of recall that combines the traditional dual processes of recollection and familiarity with a reconstruction process. The theory is then embedded in a hidden Markov model that measures all 3 processes with low-burden tasks that are appropriate for even young children. These techniques are applied to a large corpus of developmental studies of recall, yielding stable findings about the emergence of dual Memory processes between childhood and young adulthood and generating tests of many theoretical predictions. The techniques are extended to the study of healthy aging and to the Memory sequelae of common forms of neurocognitive impairment, resulting in a theoretical framework that is unified over 4 major domains of Memory research: Early development, mainstream adult research, aging, and neurocognitive impairment. The techniques are also extended to recognition, creating a unified dual process framework for recall and recognition.
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Advances in Early Memory development research: Insights about the dark side of the moon
Developmental Review, 2004Co-Authors: Mary L. Courage, Mark L. HoweAbstract:Abstract Over the past three decades impressive progress has been made in documenting the development of encoding, storage, and retrieval processes in preverbal infants and children. This literature includes an extensive and diverse database as well as theoretical conjecture about the underlying processes that drive Early Memory development. A selective review of some of this literature is provided to illustrate the extent and scope of this research, what is currently known about how Memory develops over time, and some of the questions that remain to be answered. Importantly, research on Early Memory development has provided insights into a number of longstanding issues that have been prominent in the Memory literature more generally (e.g., the Memory systems question, infantile amnesia). It has also yielded practical information relevant to Memory functioning in real world settings (e.g., for forensic and clinical psychology). We conclude that the basic processes needed to encode, store, and retrieve information are present very Early in life and that although significant developmental advances take place across Early childhood, many of the processes that govern Memory in preverbal children are common with those of verbal children and adults. These issues are discussed and future directions for research are suggested.
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The Fate of Early Memories: Developmental Science and the Retention of Childhood Experiences
2000Co-Authors: Mark L. HoweAbstract:An Overview of Developments in Systems Related to Early Memory Memory Development from Birth to Two Years Memory Development During the Preschool Years Long-Term Retention of Emotional, Traumatic and Other Distinctive Events The Development of Autobiographical Memory Conscisousness, Memory and Development Problems in the Measurement of Long-Term Retention and Its Development Conclusions, Speculations and Unfinished Business.
Erica H. Wojcik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Remembering New Words: Integrating Early Memory Development into Word Learning
Frontiers in psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Erica H. WojcikAbstract:In order to successfully acquire a new word, young children must learn the correct associations between labels and their referents. For decades, word-learning researchers have explored how young children are able to form these associations. However, in addition to learning label-referent mappings, children must also remember them. Despite the importance of Memory processes in forming a stable lexicon, there has been little integration of Early Memory research into the study of Early word learning. After discussing what we know about how young children remember words over time, this paper reviews the infant Memory development literature as it relates to Early word learning, focusing on changes in retention duration, encoding, consolidation and retrieval across the first two years of life. A third section applies this review to word learning and presents future directions, arguing that the integration of Memory processes into the study of word learning will provide researchers with novel, useful insights into how young children acquire new words.
David L. Woodland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a key role in the Early Memory CD8+ T cell response to respiratory virus infections.
Immunity, 2008Co-Authors: Jacob E. Kohlmeier, Shannon C. Miller, Joanna Smith, Craig Gerard, Tres Cookenham, Alan D. Roberts, David L. WoodlandAbstract:Summary Innate recognition of invading pathogens in peripheral tissues results in the recruitment of circulating Memory CD8 + T cells to sites of localized inflammation during the Early phase of a recall response. However, the mechanisms that control the rapid recruitment of these cells to peripheral sites are poorly understood, particularly in relation to influenza and parainfluenza infections of the respiratory tract. In this study, we demonstrate a crucial role for C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in the accelerated recruitment of Memory CD8 + T cells to the lung airways during virus challenge. Most importantly, CCR5 deficiency resulted in decreased recruitment of Memory T cells expressing key effector molecules and impaired control of virus replication during the initial stages of a secondary response. These data highlight the critical importance of Early Memory T cell recruitment for the efficacy of cellular immunity in the lung.
Arjan Blokland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute stress negatively affects object recognition Early Memory consolidation and Memory retrieval unrelated to state-dependency
Behavioural brain research, 2018Co-Authors: Ellis Nelissen, Jos Prickaerts, Arjan BloklandAbstract:It is well known that stress affects Memory performance. However, there still appears to be inconstancy in literature about how acute stress affects the different stages of Memory: acquisition, consolidation and retrieval. In this study, we exposed rats to acute stress and measured the effect on Memory performance in the object recognition task as a measure for episodic Memory. Stress was induced 30 min prior to the learning phase to affect acquisition, directly after the learning phase to affect consolidation, or 30 min before the retrieval phase to affect retrieval. Additionally, we induced stress both 30 min prior to the learning phase and 30 min prior to the retrieval phase to test whether the effects were related to state-dependency. As expected, we found that acute stress did not affect acquisition but had a negative impact on retrieval. To our knowledge, we are the first to show that Early consolidation was negatively affected by acute stress. We also show that stress does not have a state-dependent effect on Memory.
Ofer Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protection of vaccinated mice against pneumonic tularemia is associated with an Early Memory sentinel-response in the lung.
Vaccine, 2017Co-Authors: Liat Bar-on, Hila Cohen, Uri Elia, Shahar Rotem, Adi Bercovich-kinori, Erez Bar-haim, Theodor Chitlaru, Ofer CohenAbstract:Francisella tularensis is the intracellular bacterial pathogen causing the respiratory life-threatening disease tularemia. Development of tularemia vaccines has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the correlates of immunity. Moreover, the importance of lung cellular immunity in vaccine-mediated protection against tularemia is a controversial matter. Live attenuated vaccine strains of F. tularensis such as LVS (Live Vaccine Strain), elicit an immune response protecting mice against subsequent challenge with the virulent SchuS4 strain, yet the protective immunity against pulmonary challenge is limited in its efficacy and longevity. We established a murine intra-nasal immunization model which distinguishes between animals fully protected, challenged at 4 weeks post double-vaccination (200 inhalation Lethal Dose 50%, LD50, of SchuS4), and those which do not survive the lethal SchuS4 infection, challenged at 8 weeks post double vaccination. Early in the recall immune response in the lung (before day 3), disease progression and bacterial dissemination differed considerably between protected and non-protected immunized mice. Pre-challenge analysis, revealed that protected mice, exhibited significantly higher numbers of lung Ft-specific Memory T cells compared to non-protected mice. Quantitative PCR analysis established that a higher magnitude, lung T cells response was activated in the lungs of the protected mice already at 24 h post-challenge. The data imply that an Early Memory response within the lung is strongly associated with protection against the lethal SchuS4 bacteria presumably by restricting the dissemination of the bacteria to internal organs. Thus, future prophylactic strategies to countermeasure F. tularensis infection may require modulation of the immune response within the lung.
