The Experts below are selected from a list of 40986 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kieron J Barclay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the birth order paradox sibling differences in Educational attainment
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Kieron J BarclayAbstract:This study uses population register data to examine the relationship between birth order and Educational attainment in Sweden, and demonstrates that while the net effect of birth order on Educational attainment is negative, later-born children often spend longer in education. The explanation for this finding is due to Educational Expansion in Sweden in the 20th century, which outweighs the negative causal effect of birth order for the affected cohorts. This is particularly true for women due to the fact that the rate of increasing Educational enrolment has been greater for women than for men. These results also show that later-borns in large families particularly benefit from Educational Expansion due to the longer average birth interval between the first and last child in large families, meaning that the supply of Educational opportunities increased to a greater extent in the intervening period. However, in periods where education is not expanding, later-born siblings continue to fare worse than first-borns.
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the birth order paradox sibling differences in Educational attainment
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Kieron J BarclayAbstract:This study uses population register data to examine the relationship between birth order and Educational attainment in Sweden, and demonstrates that while the causal effect of birth order on Educational attainment is negative, later born children actually perform better. The explanation for this finding is due to Educational Expansion in Sweden in the 20th century, which outweighs the negative causal effect of birth order. This is particularly true for women due to the fact that the rate of increasing Educational enrollment has been greater for women than for men. These results also show that later borns in large families particularly benefit from Educational Expansion due to the longer average birth interval between the first and last child in large families. The difference between the negative causal effect and actual experience of birth order is likely to be contributing to the confusion regarding birth order effects in the literature.
Hyunjoon Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Marriage Decline in Korea: Changing Composition of the Domestic Marriage Market and Growth in International Marriage
Demography, 2020Co-Authors: James M. Raymo, Hyunjoon ParkAbstract:Explanations for the substantial decline in rates of marriage in East Asian countries often emphasize the role of rapid Educational Expansion for women in reducing the desirability of marriages characterized by a strong gender-based division of labor. Focusing on South Korea, we consider a very different scenario in which changing Educational composition of the marriage market reduces the demographic feasibility of such marriages. Analyses of 1% microsamples of the 1990 and 2010 Korean censuses show that changes in the availability of potential spouses accounted for part of the decline in marriage rates over a period of 20 years (1985–1989 to 2005–2009) for highly educated women and less-educated men. We also show that growth in international marriages played a role in preventing an even more dramatic decline in marriage among low-educated men. These findings support the general relevance of marriage market mismatches in gender-inegalitarian societies and highlight the declining feasibility of marriage for low-educated men in such contexts. Findings also hint at important implications for inequality in a society such as Korea, where marriage remains a symbol of social success and is closely related to women’s economic well-being and men’s health and subjective well-being.
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Educational Expansion and trends in intergenerational social mobility among korean men
Social Science Research, 2019Co-Authors: Inkwan Chung, Hyunjoon ParkAbstract:Abstract Scholars have explored three channels through which Educational Expansion contributes to increased intergenerational social mobility: the compositional effect, Educational equalization, and class returns to education. Existing literature on impacts of Educational Expansion on intergenerational social mobility is primarily based on experiences of European societies and the United States. We expand the existing literature by investigating the relationship between Educational Expansion and intergenerational mobility in Korea showing an exceptional degree of Educational Expansion over the last few decades. Log-linear models show that social fluidity has increased across birth cohorts of Korean men born between 1950 and 1984, with the recent cohorts experiencing it considerably. Utilizing a counterfactual decomposition method, our study shows that Educational Expansion has played a crucial role in promoting social fluidity mainly through Educational equalization for earlier cohorts and through the compositional effect for more recent cohorts. The role played by the class returns to education was minor.
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five decades of Educational assortative mating in 10 east asian societies
Social Forces, 2009Co-Authors: Jeroen Smits, Hyunjoon ParkAbstract:We study trends in Educational homogamy at six boundaries in the Educational structure of 10 East-Asian societies and explain its variation using explanatory variables at the country, cohort and boundary level. Educational homogamy was higher at the higher boundaries in the Educational structure. Since the 1950s it decreased at all but the lowest boundaries, indicating convergence to a relatively low level of homogamy. Educational homogamy is lower in societies that are more modern, have higher female employment and experienced less Confucian influence. Results support the general openness and the exclusivity hypothesis, which predict Educational homogamy to decrease in modernizing societies and to be higher when the group of more highly educated is smaller. Findings suggest that the trend towards less Educational homogamy is related to Educational Expansion.
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Educational Expansion and changes in occupational returns to education in korea
Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 2007Co-Authors: Gary D Sandefur, Hyunjoon ParkAbstract:Abstract We use data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) conducted in 1998 by the Korean Labor Institute to examine the school-to-work transition across three labor market entry cohorts of Korean men and women. Taking into account the dramatic Expansion of Educational system and economic changes Korean society has experienced during the last few decades, we develop hypotheses about possible changes in the effects of Educational qualifications on first occupational attainment. We first conduct an OLS regression of first occupational prestige scores on education. We then look at the effects of education on the odds of entering an occupational class using multinomial logit models. The results of the two analyses indicate that Educational qualifications strongly affect occupational attainment for both men and women. The effects of education, particularly junior college and university, on first occupation have declined across three labor market cohorts for women but not for men.
Alexander Kemnitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social security public education and growth in a representative democracy
Social Science Research Network, 2001Co-Authors: Alexander KemnitzAbstract:This paper studies the relationship between public education and pay-as-you-go social security in a representative democracy, where the government reacts both to voting and lobbying activities of workers and pensioners. While an intergenerational conflict prevails concerning actual social security contributions, workers may prefer public education for its positive effect on later pension benefits. Population aging diminishes the relative lobbying power of pensioners, leading to a higher contribution rate, Educational Expansion, and higher per capita income growth.
Martin Salm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does schooling affect health behavior evidence from the Educational Expansion in western germany
Economics of Education Review, 2011Co-Authors: Hendrik Jurges, Steffen Reinhold, Martin SalmAbstract:During the postwar period German states pursued policies to increase the share of young Germans obtaining a university entrance diploma (Abitur) by building more academic track schools, but the timing of Educational Expansion differed between states. This creates exogenous variation in the availability of upper secondary schooling, which allows estimating the causal effect of education on health behaviors. Using the number of academic track schools in a state as an instrumental variable for years of schooling, we investigate the causal effect of schooling on health behavior such as smoking and related outcomes such as obesity. We find large and robust negative effects of education on smoking for women. These effects can mostly be attributed to reductions in starting rates rather than increases in quitting rates. We also find large negative effects of education on smoking for men. However, the precision of these is not robust to sample specification changes and results for men should thus be interpreted with caution. We find no causal effect of education on reduced overweight and obesity.
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does schooling affect health behavior evidence from the Educational Expansion in western germany
2009Co-Authors: Hendrik Jurges, Steffen Reinhold, Martin SalmAbstract:During the postwar period German states pursued policies to increase the share of young Germans obtaining a university entrance diploma (Abitur) by building more academic track schools, but the timing of Educational Expansion differed between states. This creates exogenous variation in the availability of higher education, which allows estimating the causal effect of education on health behaviors. Using the number of academic track schools in a state as an instrumental variable for years of schooling, we investigate the causal effect of schooling on health behavior such as smoking and related outcomes such as obesity. We find large negative effects of education on smoking. These effects can mostly be attributed to reductions in starting rates rather than increases in quitting rates. We find no causal effect of education on reduced overweight and obesity.
P L H Scheepers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the rise in support for gender egalitarianism in the netherlands 1979 2006 the roles of Educational Expansion secularization and female labor force participation
Sex Roles, 2019Co-Authors: P E Thijs, H Te F Grotenhuis, P L H Scheepers, M C L Van Den BrinkAbstract:Since the 1960s, public support for gender egalitarianism has risen substantially in many western countries. Although earlier research proposed that structural and cultural developments, such as Educational Expansion, declining religiosity, and the rise of women’s employment may explain this upward trend, these theoretical speculations have not yet been thoroughly tested. In the present research, we aim to contribute to the existing literature by empirically analyzing the influence of Educational Expansion, secularization, and the rise of women’s labor force participation on support for gender egalitarianism in the Netherlands and to explore to what extent these influences differ for men and women. We use repeated cross-sectional survey data from the Netherlands involving 12,146 men and 13,858 women. To capture cohort and period effects, we include historical and contemporary contextual measures of Educational Expansion, secularization, and female labor force participation obtained from population censuses and labor force surveys, covering about 100 birth cohorts and 25 survey years. Of these three indicators, Educational Expansion contributed most to the rise in men’s, and particularly women’s, support for gender egalitarianism by changing the normative societal climate in which men and women have grown up and live. Promoting Educational levels may therefore have far-reaching benefits for gender equality.
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education and dimensions of social capital do Educational effects differ due to Educational Expansion and social security expenditure
Social Science Research Network, 2008Co-Authors: Maurice Gesthuizen, Tom Van Der Meer, P L H ScheepersAbstract:To what extent does education affect formal and informal social capital, what is the influence of Educational Expansion, and welfare state contexts, and to what extent do Educational effects on social capital differ under varying Educational Expansion and welfare state contexts? Multilevel estimates on 28 nations from the Eurobarometer (62.2; 2004) reveal that Educational attainment increases all indicators of both formal and informal social capital except one: contact frequency with one's neighbours. We attributed this latter finding to the existence of a localist orientation among lower educated individuals. The higher educated profit from socialization at home, at school, and through their social networks in terms of social capital. There are no consistent patterns that show that in countries with a high level of Educational Expansion and social security expenditure, levels of formal or informal social capital are on average lower or higher. Cross-level interaction estimates, however, strongly suggest that Educational Expansion decreases Educational differences in both formal and informal social capital. These findings suggest that individuals are motivated and recruited through networks to become socially active.