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Kunsong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptome analysis provides insights into the regulation of metabolic processes during postharvest cold storage of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica fruit
Horticulture research, 2019Co-Authors: Wenli Liu, Jing Zhang, Chen Jiao, Xueren Yin, Zhangjun Fei, Kunsong ChenAbstract:Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) fruit accumulates lignin during postharvest storage under chilling conditions (0 °C), while low-temperature conditioning (LTC; 5 °C for 6 days followed by transfer to 0 °C) or heat treatment (HT; 40 °C for 4 h followed by transfer to 0 °C) can alleviate lignification. Here we compared transcriptome profiles of loquat fruit samples under LTC or HT to those stored at 0 °C at five time points from day 1 to day 8 after treatment. High-throughput transcriptome sequences were de novo assembled into 53,319 unique transcripts with an N50 length of 1306 bp. A total of 2235 differentially expressed genes were identified in LTC, and 1020 were identified in HT compared to 0 °C. Key genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway, including EjPAL2, EjCAD1, EjCAD3, 4CL, COMT, and HCT, were responsive to LTC or HT treatment, but they showed different expression patterns during the treatments, indicating that different structural genes could regulate lignification at different treatment stages. Coexpression network analysis showed that these candidate biosynthetic genes were associated with a number of transcription factors, including those belonging to the AP2, MYB, and NAC families. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that biological processes such as stress responses, cell wall and lignin metabolism, hormone metabolism, and metal ion transport were significantly affected under LTC or HT treatment when compared to 0 °C. Our analyses provide insights into transcriptome responses to postharvest treatments in loquat fruit. Next-generation sequencing of loquat fruit stored in different ways reveals the genes and proteins that help reduce fruit spoil. Loquat fruit become rigid and woody during cold storage, thanks to the build-up of lignin polymers in the fruit flesh. Lignification can be prevented with exposure to heat or preconditioning to cool temperatures before cold storage. Zhangjin Fei at Cornell University, New York, US, Qingbiao Wu at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, and co-workers used comparative RNA sequencing to explore the molecular mechanisms inherent in lignification. The team placed three loquat groups in post-harvest cold storage for 8 days: one pre-treated with heat, one conditioned at cool temperatures, and one with no pre-treatment. They identified key genetic differences between the groups and several protein families that may regulate lignification.
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phenolic composition from different loquat Eriobotrya Japonica lindl cultivars grown in china and their antioxidant properties
Molecules, 2015Co-Authors: Wenna Zhang, Chongde Sun, Xiaoyong Zhao, Kunsong ChenAbstract:China is one of the most important centers of diversity for Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. in the world. In this study, seven loquat cultivars grown in China were evaluated for their phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Eleven phenolic compounds, i.e., 3-p-coumaroylquinincacid (3-p-CoQA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), 4-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA), 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), 5-feruloylquinic acid (5-FQA), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-Gal), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-Glu), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Q-3-Rha), kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (K-3-Gal), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (K-3-Rha), and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (K-3-Glu) were identified and quantified in the peel and pulp of the cultivars tested. 3-CQA and 5-CQA were the predominant components in both fruit parts. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used for the antioxidant evaluation. Results showed that peel extracts had higher antioxidant activities than their pulp counterparts in all the cultivars tested, which was correlated with their higher total phenolic contents. The antioxidant potency composite (APC) index showed obvious variations ranging from 64.15 to 100 in the peel and from 59.49 to 97.95 in the pulp of different cultivars, where "Dahongpao" (DHP) and "Luoyangqing" (LYQ) had the highest APC index in the peel and pulp, respectively. Overall, loquat cultivars rich in hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) such as 3-p-CoQA, 5-CQA, 4-CQA, 3-CQA and 5-FQA showed relatively higher antioxidant activities, and may be excellent sources of phytochemicals and natural antioxidants.
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plastid structure and carotenogenic gene expression in red and white fleshed loquat Eriobotrya Japonica fruits
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2012Co-Authors: Xiumin Fu, Wenbin Kong, Jingyi Zhou, Changjie Xu, Muhammad Azam, Gang Peng, Donald Grierson, Kunsong ChenAbstract:Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) can be sorted into red- and white-fleshed cultivars. The flesh of Luoyangqing (LYQ, red-fleshed) appears red-orange because of a high content of carotenoids while the flesh of Baisha (BS, white-fleshed) appears ivory white due to a lack of carotenoid accumulation. The carotenoid content in the peel and flesh of LYQ was approximately 68 mug g(-1) and 13 mug g(-1) fresh weight (FW), respectively, and for BS 19 mug g(-1) and 0.27 mug g(-1) FW. The mRNA levels of 15 carotenogenesis-related genes were analysed during fruit development and ripening. After the breaker stage (S4), the mRNA levels of phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and chromoplast-specific lycopene beta-cyclase (CYCB) were higher in the peel, and CYCB and beta-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) mRNAs were higher in the flesh of LYQ, compared with BS. Plastid morphogenesis during fruit ripening was also studied. The ultrastructure of plastids in the peel of BS changed less than in LYQ during fruit development. Two different chromoplast shapes were observed in the cells of LYQ peel and flesh at the fully ripe stage. Carotenoids were incorporated in the globules in chromoplasts of LYQ and BS peel but were in a crystalline form in the chromoplasts of LYQ flesh. However, no chromoplast structure was found in the cells of fully ripe BS fruit flesh. The mRNA level of plastid lipid-associated protein (PAP) in the peel and flesh of LYQ was over five times higher than in BS peel and flesh. In conclusion, the lower carotenoid content in BS fruit was associated with the lower mRNA levels of PSY1, CYCB, and BCH; however, the failure to develop normal chromoplasts in BS flesh is the most convincing explanation for the lack of carotenoid accumulation. The expression of PAP was well correlated with chromoplast numbers and carotenoid accumulation, suggesting its possible role in chromoplast biogenesis or interconversion of loquat fruit.
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plastid structure and carotenogenic gene expression in red and white fleshed loquat Eriobotrya Japonica fruits
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2012Co-Authors: Wenbin Kong, Jingyi Zhou, Gang Peng, Donald Grierson, Muhammad Awais Azam, Kunsong ChenAbstract:Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) can be sorted into red- and white-fleshed cultivars. The flesh of Luoyangqing (LYQ, red-fleshed) appears red-orange because of a high content of carotenoids while the flesh of Baisha (BS, white-fleshed) appears ivory white due to a lack of carotenoid accumulation. The carotenoid content in the peel and flesh of LYQ was approximately 68 μg g(-1) and 13 μg g(-1) fresh weight (FW), respectively, and for BS 19 μg g(-1) and 0.27 μg g(-1) FW. The mRNA levels of 15 carotenogenesis-related genes were analysed during fruit development and ripening. After the breaker stage (S4), the mRNA levels of phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (CYCB) were higher in the peel, and CYCB and β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) mRNAs were higher in the flesh of LYQ, compared with BS. Plastid morphogenesis during fruit ripening was also studied. The ultrastructure of plastids in the peel of BS changed less than in LYQ during fruit development. Two different chromoplast shapes were observed in the cells of LYQ peel and flesh at the fully ripe stage. Carotenoids were incorporated in the globules in chromoplasts of LYQ and BS peel but were in a crystalline form in the chromoplasts of LYQ flesh. However, no chromoplast structure was found in the cells of fully ripe BS fruit flesh. The mRNA level of plastid lipid-associated protein (PAP) in the peel and flesh of LYQ was over five times higher than in BS peel and flesh. In conclusion, the lower carotenoid content in BS fruit was associated with the lower mRNA levels of PSY1, CYCB, and BCH; however, the failure to develop normal chromoplasts in BS flesh is the most convincing explanation for the lack of carotenoid accumulation. The expression of PAP was well correlated with chromoplast numbers and carotenoid accumulation, suggesting its possible role in chromoplast biogenesis or interconversion of loquat fruit.
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oleanolic and ursolic acid in the fruit of Eriobotrya Japonica lindl
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011Co-Authors: Chunhua Zhou, Wangshu Zhang, Chongde Sun, Kunsong ChenAbstract:High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was applied to determine the content of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) in different tissues of ‘Ruantiaobaisha’ and ‘Dayeyangdun’ loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) fruits in this research. The results demonstrated that peel contained higher OA and UA contents, while flesh and kernel contained very lower amounts of OA and UA. On the basis of above results, the OA and UA contents in the peel of different developmental stages and different cultivars of loquat fruits were analyzed and compared. It is found that OA and UA contents in the peel varied with different developmental stages and cultivars. The OA and UA content in the peel of ripe fruit of different cultivars were in the range of 0.59-1.68 and 2.82-8.20 mg/g DW, respectively. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of loquat fruit in the future. Key words: Eriobotrya Japonica, fruit, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid.
Kazunari Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties of a new fermented tea product obtained by tea rolling processing of third crop green tea camellia sinensis leaves and loquat Eriobotrya Japonica leaves
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Kazunari Tanaka, Shoko Nishizono, Shizuka Tamaru, Yuji Miyata, Kei Tamaya, Toshiro Matsui, Takashi Tanaka, Yoshie EchizenAbstract:We manufactured a new fermented tea by tea-rolling processing of third-crop green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves and loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaves. The mixed fermented tea extract inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and effectively suppressed postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia in rats. Rats fed a diet containing 1% freeze-dried fermented tea extract for 4 weeks had a significantly lower liver triacylglycerol concentration and white adipose tissue weight than those fed the control diet lacking fermented tea extract. The activity of fatty acid synthase in hepatic cytosol markedly decreased in the fermented tea extract group as compared to the control group. The serum and liver triacylglycerol- and body fat-lowering effects of the mixed fermented tea extract were strong relative to the level of dietary supplementation. These results suggest that the new fermented tea product exhibited hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties through suppression of both liver fatty acid synthesis...
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hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties of a new fermented tea product obtained by tea rolling processing of third crop green tea camellia sinensis leaves and loquat Eriobotrya Japonica leaves
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Kazunari Tanaka, Shoko Nishizono, Shizuka Tamaru, Yuji Miyata, Kei Tamaya, Toshiro Matsui, Takashi Tanaka, Yoshie EchizenAbstract:We manufactured a new fermented tea by tea-rolling processing of third-crop green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves and loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaves. The mixed fermented tea extract inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and effectively suppressed postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia in rats. Rats fed a diet containing 1% freeze-dried fermented tea extract for 4 weeks had a significantly lower liver triacylglycerol concentration and white adipose tissue weight than those fed the control diet lacking fermented tea extract. The activity of fatty acid synthase in hepatic cytosol markedly decreased in the fermented tea extract group as compared to the control group. The serum and liver triacylglycerol- and body fat-lowering effects of the mixed fermented tea extract were strong relative to the level of dietary supplementation. These results suggest that the new fermented tea product exhibited hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties through suppression of both liver fatty acid synthesis and postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia by inhibition of pancreatic lipase.
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identification of α glucosidase inhibitors from a new fermented tea obtained by tea rolling processing of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica and green tea leaves
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010Co-Authors: Asami Toshima, Yuji Miyata, Kei Tamaya, Toshiro Matsui, Takashi Tanaka, Mai Noguchi, Ju Qiu, Kazunari TanakaAbstract:BACKGROUND: A new fermented tea produced by tea-rolling processing of loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaf with green tea leaf (denoted as LG tea) showed a potent antihyperglycaemic effect in maltose-loaded rats. The aim of this study, therefore, was to identify α-glucosidase inhibitors in the antihyperglycaemic tea product. RESULTS: LG tea had a threefold higher maltase-inhibitory activity (IC50 0.065 mg dried extract mL−1) than either the constituent loquat leaf or green tea alone. In addition, LG tea favourably inhibited maltase action rather than sucrase action. As a result of bio-guided high-performance liquid chromatography separations of LG tea, theasinensin A, theasinensin B, strictinin and 1,6-digalloylglucose were newly identified as maltase inhibitors with IC50 values of 142, 225, 398 and 337 µmol L−1 respectively, along with previously identified catechins and theaflavins. CONCLUSION: Judging from the magnitude of the α-glucosidase-inhibitory contribution of each isolated compound to the overall inhibition of LG tea, catechins were the main candidates responsible for α-glucosidase or maltase inhibition in LG tea, followed by theaflavins, theasinensins, strictinin and 1,6-digalloylglucose. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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suppression of blood glucose level by a new fermented tea obtained by tea rolling processing of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica and green tea leaves in disaccharide loaded sprague dawley rats
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010Co-Authors: Kei Tamaya, Yuji Miyata, Toshiro Matsui, Takashi Tanaka, Asami Toshima, Mai Noguchi, Kazunari TanakaAbstract:BACKGROUND: In the field of food science, much interest has been focused on the development of alternative medicinal foods with the ability to regulate excess blood glucose level (BGL) rise. The authors have successfully developed a new fermented tea product (LG tea) by co-fermentation of loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaf and summer-harvested green tea leaf. The objective of this study was to examine the acute suppression effect of LG tea on BGL rise in disaccharide-loaded Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to evaluate its possible usage as an antidiabetic functional food material. RESULTS: As a result of single oral administration of hot water extract of LG tea (50 mg kg−1) to maltose-loaded SD rats, BGL at 30 min was significantly decreased by 23.8% (P < 0.01) compared with the control. A corresponding reduction in serum insulin secretion was also observed. The ED50 value of LG tea (50.7 mg kg−1) was estimated to be about 16-fold higher than that of the therapeutic drug acarbose (3.1 mg kg−1). CONCLUSION: No significant change in BGL was observed when sucrose or glucose was administered, suggesting that the suppression effect of LG tea was achieved by maltase inhibition, not by sucrase inhibition or glucose transport inhibition at the intestinal membrane. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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increase of theaflavin gallates and thearubigins by acceleration of catechin oxidation in a new fermented tea product obtained by the tea rolling processing of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica and green tea leaves
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Takashi Tanaka, Kazunari Tanaka, Shizuka Tamaru, Yuji Miyata, Kei Tamaya, Toshiro Matsui, Rie Kusano, Yosuke Matsuo, Masamichi Maeda, Isao KounoAbstract:In a project to produce a new fermented tea product from non-used tea leaves harvested in the summer, we found that kneading tea leaves ( Camellia sinensis ) with fresh loquat leaves ( Eriobotrya Japonica ) accelerated the enzymatic oxidation of tea catechins. The fermented tea obtained by tea-rolling processing of tea and loquat leaves had a strong, distinctive flavor and a plain aftertaste, which differed from usual black, green, and oolong teas. The phenolic constituents were similar to those of black tea. However, the concentrations of theaflavin 3-O-gallate, theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate, and thearubigins were higher in the tea leaves kneaded with loquat leaves than in tea leaves kneaded without loquat leaves. The results from in vitro experiments suggested that acceleration of catechin oxidation was caused by the strong oxidation activity of loquat leaf enzymes and a coupled oxidation mechanism with caffeoyl quinic acids, which are the major phenolic constituents of loquat leaves.
Takashi Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties of a new fermented tea product obtained by tea rolling processing of third crop green tea camellia sinensis leaves and loquat Eriobotrya Japonica leaves
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Kazunari Tanaka, Shoko Nishizono, Shizuka Tamaru, Yuji Miyata, Kei Tamaya, Toshiro Matsui, Takashi Tanaka, Yoshie EchizenAbstract:We manufactured a new fermented tea by tea-rolling processing of third-crop green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves and loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaves. The mixed fermented tea extract inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and effectively suppressed postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia in rats. Rats fed a diet containing 1% freeze-dried fermented tea extract for 4 weeks had a significantly lower liver triacylglycerol concentration and white adipose tissue weight than those fed the control diet lacking fermented tea extract. The activity of fatty acid synthase in hepatic cytosol markedly decreased in the fermented tea extract group as compared to the control group. The serum and liver triacylglycerol- and body fat-lowering effects of the mixed fermented tea extract were strong relative to the level of dietary supplementation. These results suggest that the new fermented tea product exhibited hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties through suppression of both liver fatty acid synthesis...
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hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties of a new fermented tea product obtained by tea rolling processing of third crop green tea camellia sinensis leaves and loquat Eriobotrya Japonica leaves
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Kazunari Tanaka, Shoko Nishizono, Shizuka Tamaru, Yuji Miyata, Kei Tamaya, Toshiro Matsui, Takashi Tanaka, Yoshie EchizenAbstract:We manufactured a new fermented tea by tea-rolling processing of third-crop green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves and loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaves. The mixed fermented tea extract inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and effectively suppressed postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia in rats. Rats fed a diet containing 1% freeze-dried fermented tea extract for 4 weeks had a significantly lower liver triacylglycerol concentration and white adipose tissue weight than those fed the control diet lacking fermented tea extract. The activity of fatty acid synthase in hepatic cytosol markedly decreased in the fermented tea extract group as compared to the control group. The serum and liver triacylglycerol- and body fat-lowering effects of the mixed fermented tea extract were strong relative to the level of dietary supplementation. These results suggest that the new fermented tea product exhibited hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties through suppression of both liver fatty acid synthesis and postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia by inhibition of pancreatic lipase.
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identification of α glucosidase inhibitors from a new fermented tea obtained by tea rolling processing of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica and green tea leaves
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010Co-Authors: Asami Toshima, Yuji Miyata, Kei Tamaya, Toshiro Matsui, Takashi Tanaka, Mai Noguchi, Ju Qiu, Kazunari TanakaAbstract:BACKGROUND: A new fermented tea produced by tea-rolling processing of loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaf with green tea leaf (denoted as LG tea) showed a potent antihyperglycaemic effect in maltose-loaded rats. The aim of this study, therefore, was to identify α-glucosidase inhibitors in the antihyperglycaemic tea product. RESULTS: LG tea had a threefold higher maltase-inhibitory activity (IC50 0.065 mg dried extract mL−1) than either the constituent loquat leaf or green tea alone. In addition, LG tea favourably inhibited maltase action rather than sucrase action. As a result of bio-guided high-performance liquid chromatography separations of LG tea, theasinensin A, theasinensin B, strictinin and 1,6-digalloylglucose were newly identified as maltase inhibitors with IC50 values of 142, 225, 398 and 337 µmol L−1 respectively, along with previously identified catechins and theaflavins. CONCLUSION: Judging from the magnitude of the α-glucosidase-inhibitory contribution of each isolated compound to the overall inhibition of LG tea, catechins were the main candidates responsible for α-glucosidase or maltase inhibition in LG tea, followed by theaflavins, theasinensins, strictinin and 1,6-digalloylglucose. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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suppression of blood glucose level by a new fermented tea obtained by tea rolling processing of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica and green tea leaves in disaccharide loaded sprague dawley rats
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010Co-Authors: Kei Tamaya, Yuji Miyata, Toshiro Matsui, Takashi Tanaka, Asami Toshima, Mai Noguchi, Kazunari TanakaAbstract:BACKGROUND: In the field of food science, much interest has been focused on the development of alternative medicinal foods with the ability to regulate excess blood glucose level (BGL) rise. The authors have successfully developed a new fermented tea product (LG tea) by co-fermentation of loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaf and summer-harvested green tea leaf. The objective of this study was to examine the acute suppression effect of LG tea on BGL rise in disaccharide-loaded Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to evaluate its possible usage as an antidiabetic functional food material. RESULTS: As a result of single oral administration of hot water extract of LG tea (50 mg kg−1) to maltose-loaded SD rats, BGL at 30 min was significantly decreased by 23.8% (P < 0.01) compared with the control. A corresponding reduction in serum insulin secretion was also observed. The ED50 value of LG tea (50.7 mg kg−1) was estimated to be about 16-fold higher than that of the therapeutic drug acarbose (3.1 mg kg−1). CONCLUSION: No significant change in BGL was observed when sucrose or glucose was administered, suggesting that the suppression effect of LG tea was achieved by maltase inhibition, not by sucrase inhibition or glucose transport inhibition at the intestinal membrane. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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increase of theaflavin gallates and thearubigins by acceleration of catechin oxidation in a new fermented tea product obtained by the tea rolling processing of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica and green tea leaves
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Takashi Tanaka, Kazunari Tanaka, Shizuka Tamaru, Yuji Miyata, Kei Tamaya, Toshiro Matsui, Rie Kusano, Yosuke Matsuo, Masamichi Maeda, Isao KounoAbstract:In a project to produce a new fermented tea product from non-used tea leaves harvested in the summer, we found that kneading tea leaves ( Camellia sinensis ) with fresh loquat leaves ( Eriobotrya Japonica ) accelerated the enzymatic oxidation of tea catechins. The fermented tea obtained by tea-rolling processing of tea and loquat leaves had a strong, distinctive flavor and a plain aftertaste, which differed from usual black, green, and oolong teas. The phenolic constituents were similar to those of black tea. However, the concentrations of theaflavin 3-O-gallate, theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate, and thearubigins were higher in the tea leaves kneaded with loquat leaves than in tea leaves kneaded without loquat leaves. The results from in vitro experiments suggested that acceleration of catechin oxidation was caused by the strong oxidation activity of loquat leaf enzymes and a coupled oxidation mechanism with caffeoyl quinic acids, which are the major phenolic constituents of loquat leaves.
Chenghsiu Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cell suspension culture of Eriobotrya Japonica regulates the diabetic and hyperlipidemic signs of high fat fed mice
Molecules, 2013Co-Authors: Chunching Shih, Jiunlin Ciou, Chenghsiu LinAbstract:The present study investigates the anti-hyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic effects and mechanism in high-fat (HF)-fed mice of cell suspension culture of Eriobotrya Japonica (TA), which contains a great number of pentacyclic terpenoids. Firstly, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: the control (CON) group was fed with a low-fat diet (n = 9), whereas the experimental group was fed a 45% HF diet for 8 weeks. Afterwards, the CON group was treated with vehicle, whereas the HF group was subdivided into five groups and was orally given TA or rosiglitazone or not for 4 weeks. Blood and visceral adipose tissue, liver tissue and skeletal muscle were examined. Treatment with TA reduced body weight gain, weights of white adipose tissue (WAT) (including epididymal, perirenal, mesenteric WAT and visceral fat), and hepatic triacylglycerol content significantly without affecting food intake in diet-induced diabetic mice. TA effectively prevented HF diet-induced increases in the levels of blood glucose, insulin, leptin and HOMA-IR index (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively) and attenuated insulin resistance. Treatment with TA, adipocytes in the visceral depots showed a reduction in size. TA effectively significantly increased the protein contents of phosphorylation of AMPK-α (Thr172) both in liver and adipose tissue. It is shown that TA exhibits hypolipidemic effect in HF-fed mice by decreasing gene expressions of fatty acid synthesis, including acyl-coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 2, which catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of triglycerides, and antidiabetic properties occurred as a result of decreased hepatic glucose production via phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) down- regulation, improved insulin sensitization and TA (at 1.0 g/kg dose) decreased expression of hepatic and adipose 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydroxygenase (11β-HSD1) gene, which contributed in attenuating diabetic state. Futhermore, TA at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg had serum lipid-lowering action characterized by the inhibition of DGAT 1 expression. Thus, amelioration of diabetic and dyslipidemic state by TA in HF-fed mice occurred by regulation of PEPCK, DGAT2 and AMPK phosphorylation.
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Eriobotrya Japonica improves hyperlipidemia and reverses insulin resistance in high fat fed mice
Phytotherapy Research, 2010Co-Authors: Chunching Shih, Chenghsiu LinAbstract:The effect of Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. (loquat) on insulin resistance was examined in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. First, the mice were divided randomly into two groups: the control (CON) group was fed a low-fat diet, whereas the experimental group was fed with a 45% HF diet for 10 weeks. After 6 weeks of induction, the HF group was subdivided into five groups and was given orally loquat or not for 4 weeks afterward. It was demonstrated that loquat was effective in ameliorating the HF diet-induced hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, as well as in decreasing the levels of free fatty acid (FFA), but increasing the adipose PPARγ (peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ) and hepatic PPARα mRNA levels. Loquat significantly decreased the body weight gain, weights of white adipose tissue and visceral fat accompanying the suppressed leptin mRNA levels. Loquat not only suppressed the hepatic mRNA levels of enzymes involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis and lowered the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA level, but also affected fatty acid oxidation enzyme levels. These regulations may contribute to triacylglycerol accumulation in white adipose tissue. The findings provide a nutritional basis for the use of loquat as a functional food factor that may have benefits for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
Kuniyoshi Shimizu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the potential of triterpenoids from loquat leaves Eriobotrya Japonica for prevention and treatment of skin disorder
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Hui Tan, Tamrakar Sonam, Kuniyoshi ShimizuAbstract:The leaves of loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) possess high medicinal value and have been used as traditional medicines. However, there are no evidence-based studies on the skin-care effects of E. Japonica leaves. To explore new biological activities of E. Japonica leaves against skin disorder and to gain a better understanding of the chemical components associated with bioactivities, we evaluated 18 triterpenoids from E. Japonica leaves on anti-melanogenesis, anti-acne, anti-allergy and anti-aging activities. Our results revealed that eight compounds showed anti-melanogenesis activity, of which ursolic acid (1) and maslinic acid (7) were the most potent with the similar selective index to that of arbutin. Structure–activity relationship and possible mechanism of active compounds were proposed. Twelve compounds exhibited anti-acne effect; ursolic acid (1), maslinic acid (7), corosolic acid (8) and euscaphic acid (12) showed highest activities against P. acnes. Four compounds displayed anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory activity; 3-epicorosolic acid (9) and euscaphic acid (12) showed marked activity against β-hexosaminidase release. Finally, ursolic acid (1), pomolic acid (10), colosolic acid (8) and its methylated derivative (6) exhibited the highest anti-aging activity by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) production. Our findings provide valuable evidence that E. Japonica leaves have potential applications as ingredients of function foods or cosmetics for health benefits and a number of triterpenoids may play an important role in these bioactivities.
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a structure activity relationship study on antiosteoclastogenesis effect of triterpenoids from the leaves of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica
Phytomedicine, 2015Co-Authors: Hui Tan, Ahmed Ashour, Yoshinori Katakura, Kuniyoshi ShimizuAbstract:Our previous results elucidated that the leaves of Eriobotrya Japonica possessed the potential to suppress ovariectomy-induced bone mineral density deterioration, and ursolic acid, the major bioactive component in these leaves, suppressed the osteoclast differentiation. The aim of this study was to discover more candidates for development of novel antiosteoclastogenesis agents from the leaves of E. Japonica. Phytochemical analysis following a cell-based osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity assay revealed 11 more compounds with a potent antiosteoclastogenesis effect. The potency of ursane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of E. Japonica prompted us to investigate the structure-activity relationships underlying their antiosteoclastogenesis. The results revealed that both the hydroxyl group at C-3 and the carboxylic group at C-17 played indispensable roles in the antiosteoclastogenesis activity of ursane-type triterpenoids. The configuration at C-3 (a beta-form of the hydroxyl group) was found to be important for this activity. While introducing a hydroxyl group at C-19 increased the inhibitory activity of ursane-type triterpenoids carrying an alpha-form hydroxyl group at C-3. The bioactivity analyses of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid demonstrated that the antiosteoclastogenesis effect of ursolic acid may be related to different positions of the C-29 and C-30 methyl groups on the E-ring, since oleanolic acid showed limited activity. The addition of a hydroxyl group at C-2 would dramatically improve the inhibition of oleanane-type triterpenoids. Collectively, these findings could provide important clues for the improvement of multi-targeted antiosteoclastogenesis agents from the leaves of E. Japonica.
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inhibitory effects of the leaves of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica on bone mineral density loss in ovariectomized mice and osteoclast differentiation
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Hui Tan, Syoko Furuta, Toshiro Nagata, Koichiro Ohnuki, Taiki Akasaka, Bungo Shirouchi, Masao Sato, Ryuichiro Kondo, Kuniyoshi ShimizuAbstract:The loquat, Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. (Rosaceae), is a small tree native to Japan and China that is widely cultivated for its succulent fruit. Its leaves are used as an ingredient of a tasty tea called “Biwa cha” in Japanese. The anti-osteoporosis effects of the leaves of loquat in vitro and in vivo have been investigated. After 15 days of feeding normal diet or diet supplemented with 5% loquat leaves, the body weight, viscera weights, and bone mineral density (BMD) of both groups of eight ovariectomized (OVX) mice were compared. The result showed that the loss of BMD in loquat-fed mice was significantly prevented in three parts of the body, especially in the trabecular bone of the head (P < 0.05), abdomen (P < 0.01), and lumbar (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. No hypertrophy in the uterus by the loquat leaves diet was observed. The effect of the extract (447.25 g) prepared from the dried leaves of loquat (2.36 kg) was further studied on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and cell viabilit...
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inhibitory effects of the leaves of loquat Eriobotrya Japonica on bone mineral density loss in ovariectomized mice and osteoclast differentiation
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Hui Tan, Syoko Furuta, Toshiro Nagata, Koichiro Ohnuki, Taiki Akasaka, Bungo Shirouchi, Masao Sato, Ryuichiro Kondo, Kuniyoshi ShimizuAbstract:The loquat, Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. (Rosaceae), is a small tree native to Japan and China that is widely cultivated for its succulent fruit. Its leaves are used as an ingredient of a tasty tea called "Biwa cha" in Japanese. The anti-osteoporosis effects of the leaves of loquat in vitro and in vivo have been investigated. After 15 days of feeding normal diet or diet supplemented with 5% loquat leaves, the body weight, viscera weights, and bone mineral density (BMD) of both groups of eight ovariectomized (OVX) mice were compared. The result showed that the loss of BMD in loquat-fed mice was significantly prevented in three parts of the body, especially in the trabecular bone of the head (P < 0.05), abdomen (P < 0.01), and lumbar (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. No hypertrophy in the uterus by the loquat leaves diet was observed. The effect of the extract (447.25 g) prepared from the dried leaves of loquat (2.36 kg) was further studied on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and cell viability. The extract suppressed the differentiation of osteoclasts under 50, 125, 250, and 500 μg/mL. Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, ursolic acid (1) was isolated and inhibited osteoclast differentiation under 4 and 10 μg/mL. It was concluded that loquat leaves possess the potential to suppress ovariectomy-induced bone mineral density deterioration.