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Blas Lavandero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host acceptance behavior of the parasitoid Aphelinus mali and its aphid-host Eriosoma Lanigerum on two Rosaceae plant species
Journal of Pest Science, 2013Co-Authors: Sebastián A. Ortiz-martínez, Claudio C Ramirez, Blas LavanderoAbstract:The presence of a natural enemy in a habitat refuge is no guarantee of emigration by these into crop fields, when pest population outbreaks occur. Parasitoids from a refuge may not prefer foraging on the pest crop, exhibiting host fidelity, and therefore not constituting a source of natural enemies for improving biological control. An effective refuge must not only be a suitable sink for natural enemies, providing an acceptable host when these are not present in the crop, but it must also be a suitable source of parasitoids that readily accept the aphid-host on the crop. Therefore, crop-originated parasitoids would have to accept pests from the refuge as hosts to lay eggs in, and refuge-originated parasitoids would have to accept and lay eggs in pests from the crop. We here study the host fidelity of populations of Eriosoma Lanigerum originating from two host plants (firethorn and apple) through reciprocal transfer experiments. Thereafter, the host fidelity of parasitoids from populations in the two host plants (firethorn and apple) was assessed. Reciprocal transfer experiments of parasitoids did not show an association between apple-originated parasitoids and their preference for any of the aphid hosts. Conversely, parasitoids from firethorn exhibited a higher number of attacks and in less time when aphids from apple were offered, suggesting a preference for apple-originated aphids. If future field work confirms these findings, firethorn could become an important management tool for enhancing biological control of woolly apple aphid in apple orchards, without being a substantial source of aphids.
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estimating gene flow between refuges and crops a case study of the biological control of Eriosoma Lanigerum by aphelinus mali in apple orchards
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Blas Lavandero, Christian C Figueroa, Pierre Franck, Angela MendezAbstract:Parasitoid disturbance populations in agroecosystems can be maintained through the provision of habitat refuges with host resources. However, specialized herbivores that feed on different host plants have been shown to form host-specialized races. Parasitoids may subsequently specialize on these herbivore host races and therefore prefer parasitizing insects from the refuge, avoiding foraging on the crop. Evidence is therefore required that parasitoids are able to move between the refuge and the crop and that the refuge is a source of parasitoids, without being an important source of herbivore pests. A North-South transect trough the Chilean Central Valley was sampled, including apple orchards and surrounding Pyracantha coccinea (M. Roem) (Rosales: Rosacea) hedges that were host of Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a globally important aphid pest of cultivated apples. At each orchard, aphid colonies were collected and taken back to the laboratory to sample the emerging hymenopteran parasitoid Aphelinus mali (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Aphid and parasitoid individuals were genotyped using species-specific microsatellite loci and genetic variability was assessed. By studying genetic variation, natural geographic barriers of the aphid pest became evident and some evidence for incipient host-plant specialization was found. However, this had no effect on the population-genetic features of its most important parasitoid. In conclusion, the lack of genetic differentiation among the parasitoids suggests the existence of a single large and panmictic population, which could parasite aphids on apple orchards and on P. coccinea hedges. The latter could thus comprise a suitable and putative refuge for parasitoids, which could be used to increase the effectiveness of biological control. Moreover, the strong geographical differentiation of the aphid suggests local reinfestations occur mainly from other apple orchards with only low reinfestation from P. cocinnea hedges. Finally, we propose that the putative refuge could act as a source of parasitoids without being a major source of aphids.
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isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite loci from aphelinus mali hymenoptera aphelinidae a parasitoid of Eriosoma Lanigerum hemiptera aphididae
Insect Science, 2010Co-Authors: Blas Lavandero, Marcos DominguezAbstract:NinenovelmicrosatellitemarkersarepresentedforAphelinusmali,aparasitoid of the woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum. Loci were characterized for 28 individuals from a single orchard in central Chile. Seven loci were polymorphic within A. mali (3-6 alleles per locus; observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.04 to 0.57) and are therefore useful for population genetic studies within this species.
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landscape composition modulates population genetic structure of Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann on malus domestica borkh in central chile
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2009Co-Authors: Blas Lavandero, Claudio C Ramirez, M Miranda, Eduardo FuentescontrerasAbstract:Landscape genetics have been particularly relevant when assessing the influence of landscape characteristics on the genetic variability and the identification of barriers to gene flow. Linking current practices of area-wide pest management information on pest population genetics and geographical barriers would increase the efficiency of these programs. The woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann), an important pest of apple orchards worldwide, was collected on apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) from different locations in a 400 km north-south transect trough central Chile. In order to determine if there was population structure, diversity and flow were assessed. A total of 215 individuals from these locations were analysed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Four ISSR primers generated a total of 114 polymorphic loci. The percentage of molecular variation among locations was 18%. As the algorithm used by STRUCTURE may be poorly suited for inferring the number of genetic clusters in a data set that has an IBD relationship, the number of genetic clusters in the samples was also analyzed using a Bayesian clustering method implemented in software BAPS version 4.14. We inferred the presence of four genetic clusters in the study region. Clustering of individuals followed a pattern explained by some geographical barriers. Using partial Mantel tests, we detected barriers to gene flow other than distance, created by a combination of main rivers and mountains. Although landscape genetics are rarely used in pest management, our results suggest that these tools may be suitable for the design of area-wide pest management programs.
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isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hemiptera aphididae Eriosomatinae
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2009Co-Authors: Blas Lavandero, Claudio C Ramirez, Christian C Figueroa, P D S Caligari, Eduardo FuentescontrerasAbstract:Eight novel microsatellite primer pairs are presented for Eriosoma Lanigerum, representing the first microsatellite markers available for this genus. Loci were characterized for 27 individuals from one single orchard in Central Chile. All loci were polymorphic within E. Lanigerum (three to 11 alleles per locus; observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.41 to 0.93), and are therefore useful for population genetic studies within the species.
Mazen A Ateyyat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of flavonoids against woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann and its sole parasitoid aphelinus mali hald
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Saeid Aburomman, Mohmmad Abudarwish, Ihab GhabeishAbstract:Cut-shoot bioassay test was used to study the significance of three flavonoids as aphicides against the woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann). The used flavonoids were two flavanols that are quercetin dehydrate and rutin hydrate, but rutin hydrate is a glycoside of quercetin dehydrate. In addition to one flavanone that was naringine. These flavonoids were used at three concentrations; 100 ppm, 1000 ppm and 10,000 ppm. Results showed that the three tested flavonoids were active as aphicides against the target species and that mortality to nymphs was higher than that obtained against apterous adults. Increasing the concentration of the flavonoids resulted in a remarkable increase in nymphs mortality. However, rutin hydrate is more toxic to WAA than quercetin dehydrate and naringin. The three flavonoids had slight effect on the sole parasitoid of WAA, Aphelinus mali compared with effect caused by imodacloprid insecticide. Quercetin dehydrate, rutin hydrate and naringine can be used as botanical insecticides and incorporated into integrated management programs of the aphid.
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impact of flavonoids against woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann and its sole parasitoid aphelinus mali hald
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Saeid Aburomman, Mohmmad Abudarwish, Ihab GhabeishAbstract:Cut-shoot bioassay test was used to study the significance of three flavonoids as aphicides against the woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann). The used flavonoids were two flavanols that are quercetin dehydrate and rutin hydrate, but rutin hydrate is a glycoside of quercetin dehydrate. In addition to one flavanone that was naringine. These flavonoids were used at three concentrations; 100 ppm, 1000 ppm and 10,000 ppm. Results showed that the three tested flavonoids were active as aphicides against the target species and that mortality to nymphs was higher than that obtained against apterous adults. Increasing the concentration of the flavonoids resulted in a remarkable increase in nymphs mortality. However, rutin hydrate is more toxic to WAA than quercetin dehydrate and naringin. The three flavonoids had slight effect on the sole parasitoid of WAA, Aphelinus mali compared with effect caused by imodacloprid insecticide. Quercetin dehydrate, rutin hydrate and naringine can be used as botanical insecticides and incorporated into integrated management programs of the aphid.
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toxicity of five medicinal plant oils to woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum homoptera aphididae
2012Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Marwan I Abdelwali, Tawfiq M AlantaryAbstract:The toxicity of oil extracts of five medicinal plants was evaluated against the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma Lanigerum (Homoptera: Aphididae). Oils were extracted from Achillea santolina, Artemisia seiberi, Salvia officinalis, Thymus Vulgaris and Senecio vernalis. Each oil extract was used at three concentrations, 100, 1000 and 10,000 ppm. Mortalities were corrected using Abbott's formula and TableCurve fitting program (Jandel Scientific ® ) was used to predict the LC50 and LT50 of each oil extract. Results revealed that LC50 after 24 hr post treatment is 7070, 6161, 6667, 19090 and 9034 ppm for A. santolina, A. seiberi, S. officinalis, T. Vulgaris and S. vernalis, respectively. As time response, LT50 is obtained at <1, <1, <1, 37 and 14 hr of using A. santolina, A. seiberi, S. officinalis, T. Vulgaris and S. vernalis oils, respectively at a concentration of 10, 000 ppm. At 1000 ppm, LT50 is obtained at 66, 61, 62,75 and 71 hr post treatment of A. santolina, A. seiberi, S. officinalis, T. Vulgaris and S. vernalis oils, respectively. LT50 is achieved at 73, 78, 75, 98 and 95 hr post treatment of 100 ppm of oil extracts of A. santolina, A. seiberi, S. officinalis, T. Vulgaris and S. vernalis, respectively. Finally, A. seiberi oil extract was the most toxic to woolly apple aphid in terms of dose and time responses compared with other tested oil extracts, but it was not as toxic as the imidacloprid insecticide that was used at recommended field rate of application (0.25 mL L -1 ). Nevertheless, oil extracts of A. seiberi and S. officinalis provide valuable mortality rates for the woolly apple aphid and can be used as botanical insecticides as part of the integrated pest management programs of this insect pest.
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rearing and release of aphelinus mali hald hymenoptera aphelinidae the sole parasitoid of woolly apple Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann homoptera Eriosomatidae on apple orchards in ash shoubak
2011Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Marwan Alawamleh, Hassan ElosofiAbstract:2 Abstract: Aphelinus mali (Hald) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is the sole parasitoid of woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann) (Homoptera: Eriosomatidae). Five ratios of parasitoid to aphid colonies were tested to determine the suitable amount of the parasitoid that gives the highest percentage of parasitism under greenhouse conditions. Curve fitting using Table Curve program showed that releasing 6 pairs of unsexed A. mali adults to 100 colonies of WAA results in 98.7 % of parasitism of WAA after 10 days of releasing adults of parasitoids. A valuable suppression of WAA in 2010 was recorded in two apple orchards where the parasitoid was released compared with the orchard in which no release of the parasitoid was done. However, the continuous use of pesticides by apple orchardists in the apple orchards near the experimental orchards resulted in decreasing parasitism rates in 2011 in the apple orchards where release was done due to the movement of WAA from pesticide-controlled orchards to parasitoid-controlled orchards. The government represented by ministry of agriculture is requested to apply a legislation that prevent apple orchardists use insecticides in order to give good opportunity of the parasitoid to build itself.
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population trends of woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum and its parasitoid aphelinus mali on two apple cultivars in jordan
Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Tawfiq M AlantaryAbstract:The population trends of Woolly Apple Aphid (WAA), Eriosoma Lanigerum Hausmann (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid, Aphelinus mali Haldeman (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were studied on two apple cultivars, Fuji and Golden Delicious during 2006-2007. Results indicated that even though both Fuji and Golden Delicious were grafted on the same rootstock, MM.106, but both of them showed variability in the populations of WAA. The edaphic populations of WAA recorded on Fuji during winter while roots of Golden Delicious did not sustain any form of WAA. Generally, aerial aphid colonies on both Fuji and Golden Delicious have been seen throughout the year except in severe winters from January to the end of March. Peak abundance of aerial populations on Fuji was 240 colonies per tree in November 2006 and 225 colonies per tree in August 2007. Peak abundance of arboreal populations in Golden Delicious was 43 colonies per tree in November 2006 and 33 colonies per tree in July 2007. Fuji sustained higher numbers of WAA than Golden Delicious throughout the years of study. The percentages of mummified WAA were very low (less than 10 %) during 2006-2007, but always higher on Fuji than on Golden Delicious.
K. L. Pringle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the development of a sampling system for monitoring population levels of the woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann in apple orchards in the western cape province of south africa
African Entomology, 2008Co-Authors: K. L. Pringle, J M HeunisAbstract:A sampling system was developed for monitoring population levels of woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann), by counting colonies on half of each of 25 apple trees per 2 ha block. Sampling error was affected by whether the colonies were found in wounds or in leaf axils. Parasitism of colonies in leaf axils had a slight effect on sampling error. Sampling error for colonies in leaf axils was high at just over 40 %. However, decisions regarding intervention were not markedly compromised by simply classifying the 25 trees as infested or uninfested, as opposed to counting colonies in leaf axils. The presence-absence system greatly reduced the time spent monitoring E. Lanigerum population levels, making it an attractive system for assessing woolly apple aphid infestations in commercial orchards.
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the field biology of subterranean populations of the woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann hemiptera aphididae in south african apple orchards
African Entomology, 2007Co-Authors: M R Damavandian, K. L. PringleAbstract:The field biology of subterranean Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann) was studied on two farms in the Elgin apple growing area from October 1995 to January 1999. There were two peaks of activity in subterranean E. Lanigerum populations, one during early summer and one during autumn. Nitrogen levels in the roots also peaked at these times of the year. All developmental stages were recorded on the roots of apple trees throughout the year. Peak numbers of first instar aphids were recorded during spring. Embryos were present in all instars throughout the year. More embryos were recorded in fourth instar and adult aphids than in the other developmental stages. Peak numbers of embryos were also recorded in the final two developmental stages (fourth instar and adults) during spring. Nitrogen levels were higher in healthy roots and in roots adjacent to galls than in galls.
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field biology of woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann and its natural enemy aphelinus mali haldeman in apple orchards in the western cape province
African Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: J M Heunis, K. L. PringleAbstract:The seasonal cycles of Eriosoma Lanigerum (Homoptera : Aphidiae) and its natural enemy, Aphelinus mali (Hymenoptera: Apelinidae), were studied in the Western Cape Province region of South Africa. Crawlers of E. Lanigerum migrated from the roots into the apple trees during spring to initiate above-ground colonies. Population numbers peaked at the end of summer. Aphelinus mali became active from February until June. Eriosoma Lanigerum numbers declined with the onset of winter but a few colonies remained on apple trees during winter.
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genetic diversity of woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hemiptera aphididae populations in the western cape south africa
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2005Co-Authors: A E Timm, K. L. Pringle, L WarnichAbstract:The woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann) is one of the most damaging apple pests in South Africa. Information on its genetic diversity is lacking and this study, in which the genetic structure of parthenogenetic E. Lanigerum populations was characterized in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, represents the first local study of its kind. A total of 192 individuals from four different regions were collected and analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Using five selective AFLP primer pairs, 250 fragments were scored for analysis. Results indicated that a low level of genetic variation was apparent in E. Lanigerum populations in the Western Cape (H = 0.0192). Furthermore, populations collected from geographically distant regions were very closely related, which can partly be explained by the fact that agricultural practices were responsible for dissemination of populations from a common ancestor to geographically distant areas. The low level of variation found indicated that the possibility of controlling E. Lanigerum in the Western Cape using host plant resistance is favourable. This is the first report of AFLP being used to characterize the genetic structure of an aphid species. Results indicate that this marker may be useful for analysis of other aphid species.
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the susceptibility of aphelinus mali haldeman a parasitoid of Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann to pesticides used in apple orchards in the elgin area western cape province south africa
African Entomology, 2003Co-Authors: J M Heunis, K. L. PringleAbstract:Aphelinus mali is the most important biological control agent of Eriosoma Lanigerum, a serious pest of apples. The effects of 14 insecticides and 10 fungicides on the adult stage of the parasitiod, A. mali, were investigated under laboratory conditions. Some insecticides were also screened for their effect on the emergence of adult wasps from mummified aphids. Most chemicals were highly toxic to the adult wasps which succumbed within 24 h of exposure to the chemicals. Exceptions were endosulfan, two insect growth regulators and all fungicides tested. Percentage emergence of adult wasps from the mummies was high after treatment with all chemicals tested. However, in the case of chlorpyrifos more than 60 % of the parasitoid adults died soon after emergence, while nearly 30 % of the adults died soon after emerging from mummies treated with carbaryl (XLR Plus) and fenthion.
Wyss Eric - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Versuchsergebnisse Bereich Pflanzenschutzentomologie
Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau Frick, 2004Co-Authors: Daniel Claudia, Wyss EricAbstract:Versuchsergebnisse zu den folgenden Schädlingen werden aufgezeigt: - die Mehlige Apfelblattlaus (Dysaphis plantaginea) - die Blutlaus (Eriosoma Lanigerum) - den Apfelblütenstecher (Anthonomus pomorum) - den Birnenblattsauger (Cacopsylla pyri) - die Birnenpockenmilbe (Phytoptus pyri) - die Kirschblütenmotte (Argyresthia pruniella) - die Kirschfruchtfliege (Rhagoletis cerasi) - den Pflaumenwickler (Grapholitha funebrana
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Wirkung verschiedener Insektizide gegen die Blutlaus (Eriosoma Lanigerum)
2003Co-Authors: Daniel Claudia, Wyss EricAbstract:Fragestellung: Prüfung verschiedener Insektizide gegen die Blutlaus (Eriosoma Lanigerum
Ihab Ghabeish - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of flavonoids against woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann and its sole parasitoid aphelinus mali hald
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Saeid Aburomman, Mohmmad Abudarwish, Ihab GhabeishAbstract:Cut-shoot bioassay test was used to study the significance of three flavonoids as aphicides against the woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann). The used flavonoids were two flavanols that are quercetin dehydrate and rutin hydrate, but rutin hydrate is a glycoside of quercetin dehydrate. In addition to one flavanone that was naringine. These flavonoids were used at three concentrations; 100 ppm, 1000 ppm and 10,000 ppm. Results showed that the three tested flavonoids were active as aphicides against the target species and that mortality to nymphs was higher than that obtained against apterous adults. Increasing the concentration of the flavonoids resulted in a remarkable increase in nymphs mortality. However, rutin hydrate is more toxic to WAA than quercetin dehydrate and naringin. The three flavonoids had slight effect on the sole parasitoid of WAA, Aphelinus mali compared with effect caused by imodacloprid insecticide. Quercetin dehydrate, rutin hydrate and naringine can be used as botanical insecticides and incorporated into integrated management programs of the aphid.
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impact of flavonoids against woolly apple aphid Eriosoma Lanigerum hausmann and its sole parasitoid aphelinus mali hald
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Saeid Aburomman, Mohmmad Abudarwish, Ihab GhabeishAbstract:Cut-shoot bioassay test was used to study the significance of three flavonoids as aphicides against the woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hausmann). The used flavonoids were two flavanols that are quercetin dehydrate and rutin hydrate, but rutin hydrate is a glycoside of quercetin dehydrate. In addition to one flavanone that was naringine. These flavonoids were used at three concentrations; 100 ppm, 1000 ppm and 10,000 ppm. Results showed that the three tested flavonoids were active as aphicides against the target species and that mortality to nymphs was higher than that obtained against apterous adults. Increasing the concentration of the flavonoids resulted in a remarkable increase in nymphs mortality. However, rutin hydrate is more toxic to WAA than quercetin dehydrate and naringin. The three flavonoids had slight effect on the sole parasitoid of WAA, Aphelinus mali compared with effect caused by imodacloprid insecticide. Quercetin dehydrate, rutin hydrate and naringine can be used as botanical insecticides and incorporated into integrated management programs of the aphid.
