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Roberta Diaz Brinton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an Estrogen Replacement Therapy containing nine synthetic plant based conjugated Estrogens promotes neuronal survival
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Lixia Zhao, Shuhua Chen, Roberta Diaz BrintonAbstract:Epidemiological data from retrospective and case-control studies have indicated that Estrogen Replacement Therapy can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Estrogen Replacement Therapy has beenfound to promote neuronal survival both in vivo and in vitro. We have shown that conjugated equine Estrogens (CEE), containing 238 different molecules composed of Estrogens, progestins, and androgens, exerted neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in cultured neurons. In the current study, we sought to determine whether a steroidal formulation of nine synthetic conjugated Estrogens (SCE) chemically derived from soybean and yam extracts is as effective as the complex multisteroldal formulation of CEE. Analyses of the neuroprotective efficacy indicate that SCE exhibited significant neuroprotection against beta amyloid, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate-induced toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Indices of neuroprotection included an increase In neuronal survival, a decrease in neurotoxin-induced lactate dehydrogenase release, and a reduction in neurotoxin-induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, SCE was found to attenuate excitotoxic glutamate-induced [Ca 2 + ], rise. Quantitative analyses indicate that the neuroprotective efficacy of SCE was comparable to that of the multisteroldal CEE formulation. Data derived from these investigations predict that SCE could exert neuroprotective effects comparable to CEE In vivo and therefore could reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women.
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an Estrogen Replacement Therapy containing nine synthetic plant based conjugated Estrogens promotes neuronal survival
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Lixia Zhao, Shuhua Chen, Roberta Diaz BrintonAbstract:Epidemiological data from retrospective and case–control studies have indicated that Estrogen Replacement Therapy can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, Estrogen repl...
Lixia Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an Estrogen Replacement Therapy containing nine synthetic plant based conjugated Estrogens promotes neuronal survival
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Lixia Zhao, Shuhua Chen, Roberta Diaz BrintonAbstract:Epidemiological data from retrospective and case-control studies have indicated that Estrogen Replacement Therapy can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Estrogen Replacement Therapy has beenfound to promote neuronal survival both in vivo and in vitro. We have shown that conjugated equine Estrogens (CEE), containing 238 different molecules composed of Estrogens, progestins, and androgens, exerted neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in cultured neurons. In the current study, we sought to determine whether a steroidal formulation of nine synthetic conjugated Estrogens (SCE) chemically derived from soybean and yam extracts is as effective as the complex multisteroldal formulation of CEE. Analyses of the neuroprotective efficacy indicate that SCE exhibited significant neuroprotection against beta amyloid, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate-induced toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Indices of neuroprotection included an increase In neuronal survival, a decrease in neurotoxin-induced lactate dehydrogenase release, and a reduction in neurotoxin-induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, SCE was found to attenuate excitotoxic glutamate-induced [Ca 2 + ], rise. Quantitative analyses indicate that the neuroprotective efficacy of SCE was comparable to that of the multisteroldal CEE formulation. Data derived from these investigations predict that SCE could exert neuroprotective effects comparable to CEE In vivo and therefore could reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women.
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an Estrogen Replacement Therapy containing nine synthetic plant based conjugated Estrogens promotes neuronal survival
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Lixia Zhao, Shuhua Chen, Roberta Diaz BrintonAbstract:Epidemiological data from retrospective and case–control studies have indicated that Estrogen Replacement Therapy can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, Estrogen repl...
Susan M Resnick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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longitudinal effects of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on pet cerebral blood flow and cognition
Neurobiology of Aging, 2000Co-Authors: Pauline M Maki, Susan M ResnickAbstract:Observational studies suggest that Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) may protect against age-related memory decline and lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to characterize the neural substrates of those effects by comparing 2-year longitudinal changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 12 ERT users and 16 nonusers. Positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of rCBF were obtained under three conditions: rest, and verbal and figural recognition memory tasks. Groups showed different patterns of change in rCBF over time in a number of brain areas. These group differences, for the most part, reflected regions of increased rCBF over time in users compared to nonusers. The greatest differences between ERT users and nonusers were in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and temporal lobe, regions that form a memory circuit and that are sensitive to preclinical AD. Across a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests of memory, users obtained higher scores than did nonusers of comparable intellect. Group differences in longitudinal change in rCBF patterns may reflect one way through which hormones modulate brain activity and contribute to enhanced memory performance among ERT users.
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effects of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on pet cerebral blood flow and neuropsychological performance
Hormones and Behavior, 1998Co-Authors: Susan M Resnick, Pauline M Maki, Stephanie Golski, Michael A Kraut, Alan B ZondermanAbstract:Reports that Estrogen may protect against age-associated memory decline and Alzheimer's Disease have kindled interest in the effects of Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) on cognition and brain function. As part of a 9-year study in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we are performing annual magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and neuropsychological assessments to examine brain structure and function in individuals aged 55 and older. PET measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) are obtained under 3 conditions: rest and verbal and figural delayed recognition memory tasks. Fifteen women receiving ERT (with or without the addition of progesterone) were compared with a matched sample of 17 untreated women. There were no significant differences between groups in regional brain volumes or ventricular size. However, ERT users and nonusers showed significant differences in PET-rCBF relative activation patterns during the memory tasks. During verbal memory processing, there were significant interactions in rCBF activations for the right parahippocampal gyrus, right precuneus, right frontal regions, and left hypothalamus. During figural memory processing, significant interactions were observed for right parahippocampal and inferior parietal regions and for left visual association and anterior thalamic regions. ERT users also showed better performance on neuropsychological tests of figural and verbal memory and on some aspects of the PET activation tests, although the two groups did not differ in education, overall verbal ability, or performance on other neuropsychological tests. These findings confirm our previous observation of the beneficial effects of ERT on figural memory. Moreover, differences in rCBF activation patterns between ERT users and nonusers suggest an area for future research to examine mechanisms through which ERT may influence memory and other cognitive abilities.
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Estrogen Replacement Therapy and longitudinal decline in visual memory a possible protective effect
Neurology, 1997Co-Authors: Susan M Resnick, E J Metter, Alan B ZondermanAbstract:Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) is increasingly recommended for postmenopausal women due to its beneficial effects on physical health in older women. Recent studies have suggested that ERT may have a protective effect on cognitive function and may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study we test the hypothesis that ERT may have a protective effect on memory in nondemented women. Data on hormonal status and memory were examined in 288 postmenopausal women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. One hundred sixteen women who reported that they were receiving ERT during a cognitive assessment were compared with 172 women who had never received ERT. Women who were receiving ERT had fewer errors on the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), a measure of short-term visual memory, visual perception, and constructional skills. Furthermore, ERT appeared to protect against age changes in BVRT performance in a subgroup of 18 women for whom BVRT data were available before and during treatment with ERT. These findings suggest that ERT may protect against memory decline in nondemented postmenopausal women and offer further support for a beneficial role of Estrogen on cognitive function in aging women.
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a prospective study of Estrogen Replacement Therapy and the risk of developing alzheimer s disease the baltimore longitudinal study of aging
Neurology, 1997Co-Authors: Claudia H Kawas, Susan M Resnick, Alan B Zonderman, A Morrison, Ron Brookmeyer, Maria M Corrada, C Bacal, Donnell D Lingle, E J MetterAbstract:Previous reports have suggested that Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) in women may exert a protective effect on their risk of developing Alzheimer9s disease (AD). We investigated this relationship in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), a prospective multidisciplinary study of normal aging conducted by the National Institute on Aging. The sample consisted of 472 post- or perimenopausal women followed for up to 16 years in the BLSA. We documented ERT prospectively at each BLSA visit, and we categorized women who had used oral or transdermal Estrogens at anytime as ERT users. We used Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates to estimate the relative risk of developing AD after ERT as compared with women who had not used Estrogen Replacement. Approximately 45% of the women in the cohort had used ERT, and we diagnosed 34 incident cases of AD (NINCD/ADRDA criteria) during follow-up, including nine Estrogen users. After adjusting for education, the relative risk for AD in ERT users as compared with nonusers was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.209–0.997), indicating a reduced risk of AD for women who had reported the use of Estrogen. Our data did not show an effect for duration of ERT usage. Our finding offers additional support for a protective influence of Estrogen in AD. Randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm this association, which could have significant public health impact.
Shuhua Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an Estrogen Replacement Therapy containing nine synthetic plant based conjugated Estrogens promotes neuronal survival
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Lixia Zhao, Shuhua Chen, Roberta Diaz BrintonAbstract:Epidemiological data from retrospective and case-control studies have indicated that Estrogen Replacement Therapy can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Estrogen Replacement Therapy has beenfound to promote neuronal survival both in vivo and in vitro. We have shown that conjugated equine Estrogens (CEE), containing 238 different molecules composed of Estrogens, progestins, and androgens, exerted neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in cultured neurons. In the current study, we sought to determine whether a steroidal formulation of nine synthetic conjugated Estrogens (SCE) chemically derived from soybean and yam extracts is as effective as the complex multisteroldal formulation of CEE. Analyses of the neuroprotective efficacy indicate that SCE exhibited significant neuroprotection against beta amyloid, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate-induced toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Indices of neuroprotection included an increase In neuronal survival, a decrease in neurotoxin-induced lactate dehydrogenase release, and a reduction in neurotoxin-induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, SCE was found to attenuate excitotoxic glutamate-induced [Ca 2 + ], rise. Quantitative analyses indicate that the neuroprotective efficacy of SCE was comparable to that of the multisteroldal CEE formulation. Data derived from these investigations predict that SCE could exert neuroprotective effects comparable to CEE In vivo and therefore could reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women.
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an Estrogen Replacement Therapy containing nine synthetic plant based conjugated Estrogens promotes neuronal survival
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Lixia Zhao, Shuhua Chen, Roberta Diaz BrintonAbstract:Epidemiological data from retrospective and case–control studies have indicated that Estrogen Replacement Therapy can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, Estrogen repl...
Victor W Henderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the epidemiology of Estrogen Replacement Therapy and alzheimer s disease
Neurology, 1997Co-Authors: Victor W HendersonAbstract:The burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) falls more heavily on women than men. It is hypothesized that plummeting levels of circulating Estrogens after the menopause increase a woman's risk for this disorder and, conversely, that Estrogen Replacement Therapy may lower the risk for dementia due to AD. A number of Estrogenic properties support the biological credibility of this hypothesis. Estrogen interacts with neurotrophins and neurotransmitter systems relevant to AD and in some model systems Estrogen modulates synaptic plasticity. Effects on beta-amyloid and apolipoprotein E may be especially germane to putative effects. Estrogen also may blunt neurotoxic consequences of the stress response mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, augment cerebral glucose utilization, and enhance cerebral blood flow. Clinical studies of postmenopausal women suggest beneficial Estrogen effects on specific cognitive skills, and small preliminary trials of Estrogen Replacement in women with AD support claims of clinical meaningful efficacy. Consistent with the Estrogen hypothesis, cross-sectional studies imply that postmenopausal Estrogen use could be associated with a lower risk for AD. Several recent epidemiologic studies in which information on Estrogen Replacement Therapy was collected prospectively further support this contention, with a dose-response relation evident in some reports. Because Estrogen users tend to differ from nonusers in a number of lifestyle characteristics, convincing demonstration of putative protective effects could best some from randomized, placebo-controlled, primary intervention trials. For the present, however, the issue of Estrogen efficacy in lowering a woman's risk for AD remains unsettled.
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Estrogen Replacement Therapy and risk of alzheimer disease
JAMA Internal Medicine, 1996Co-Authors: Annlia Paganinihill, Victor W HendersonAbstract:Background: With Alzheimer disease emerging as a major public health problem, the identification of factors that might prevent this disease are important. Estrogen loss associated with menopause may contribute to the development of Alzheimer disease. Objective: To evaluate the effects of different Estrogen preparations, varying dosages of Estrogen, and duration of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on the risk of Alzheimer disease in postmenopausal women. Study Design and Methods: A case-control study nested within a prospective cohort study of residents of Leisure World Laguna Hills, a retirement community in Southern California. The cohort comprised 8877 women who were first mailed a health survey in 1981. Of the 3760 female cohort members who died between 1981 and 1995, 248 women with Alzheimer disease or other dementia diagnoses likely to represent Alzheimer disease (senile dementia, dementia, or senility) mentioned on the death certificate were identified. Five controls were individually matched to each case according to year of death and year of birth (±1 year). Results: The risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementia was significantly reduced in Estrogen users compared with nonusers (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.88). The risk was reduced for both oral and nonoral (ie, injections and/or creams) routes of administration. The risk decreased significantly with both increasing dosages (P=.01) and increasing duration (P=.01) of oral Therapy with conjugated equine Estrogen, the most commonly used Estrogen preparation. Within each dose category, the risk decreased with increasing duration of Therapy, with the lowest observed risk in long-term users who received high doses (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-1.17). Conclusion: This study suggests that Estrogen Replacement Therapy may be useful for preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2213-2217
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effects of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on response to tacrine in patients with alzheimer s disease
Neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Lon S Schneider, Martin R Farlow, Victor W Henderson, Janice M PogodaAbstract:Objective: To examine whether Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) affects clinical and cognitive responses to tacrine in women with Alzheimer9s disease (AD). Design: A 30-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter clinical trial of tacrine in which a subgroup of women were receiving ERT prior to randomization. Patients: Women with mild to moderate-stage AD, at least 50 years of age, who were enrolled in the previously reported trial. Interventions: Randomized assignment to placebo or to one of three ascending-dosage regimens of tacrine: maximum dosages of 80 mg/d, 120 mg/d, or 160 mg/d. Outcome measures: Alzheimer9s Disease Assessment Scale--Cognitive Scale (ADASc), Clinician Interview-Based Impression of change (CIBI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Caregiver9s Impression of Change (CIC). Results: Of 318 women with evaluable data 14.5% were receiving ERT. Women completing the trial taking ERT and tacrine improved more than women not receiving ERT who were randomly assigned to tacrine or to placebo as assessed by the ADASc (p NEUROLOGY 1996;46: 1580-1584
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Estrogen Replacement Therapy in older women comparisons between alzheimer s disease cases and nondemented control subjects
JAMA Neurology, 1994Co-Authors: Victor W Henderson, Annlia Paganinihill, Christina K Emanuel, Meleana E Dunn, Galen J BuckwalterAbstract:Objectives: We hypothesized that oral Estrogen Replacement Therapy would be less common among elderly women meeting criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) than among nondemented elderly women. For women with AD, we hypothesized that Estrogen users would perform better on a cognitive task than would nonusers. Design: A case-control study of Estrogen Replacement Therapy, in which hierarchical procedures were used to control for potentially confounding effects of age and education. When cognitive performances were compared between Estrogen users and nonusers with AD, the duration of dementia symptoms was an additional control variable. Setting: Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Subjects: Subjects were a volunteer sample of consecutively enrolled elderly women, recruited primarily from the community, who met clinical criteria for probable AD (n=143) or met criteria for nondemented control status (n=92). Seventy case patients who have subsequently died met histopathologic criteria for AD; one other demented woman who did not meet the autopsy criteria for AD was excluded from all analyses. Main Outcome Measures: Current use of Estrogen Replacement at the time of enrollment as reported by control subjects or by the primary caregivers of AD case patients. Among cases, performances on a brief cognitive screening instrument were compared between Estrogen users (n=10) and nonusers (n=128) for whom this information was available. Results: Alzheimer's disease case patients were significantly less likely than control subjects to use Estrogen Replacement (7% vs 18%), but groups did not differ with regard to the total number of prescription medications or to the most frequently prescribed class of drug (thyroid medication). Demented case patients using Estrogen did not differ significantly from those not using Estrogen in terms of age, education, or symptom duration, but their mean performance on a cognitive screening instrument was significantly better (Mini-Mental State examination scores of 14.9 vs 6.5). Conclusions: Findings are consistent with contentions that postmenopausal Estrogen Replacement Therapy may be associated with a decreased risk of AD and that Estrogen Replacement may improve cognitive performance of women with this illness.