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Katsuhiro Matsui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic and genomic research for the development of an efficient breeding system in heterostylous self-incompatible common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020Co-Authors: Katsuhiro Matsui, Yasuo YasuiAbstract:Common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; 2 n = 2 x = 16) is an annual crop that is cultivated widely around the world and contains an abundance of nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the yield of buckwheat is low compared to that of other major crops, and it contains proteins that cause allergic reactions in some people. Much research has aimed to improve or eliminate these undesirable traits, and some major advances have recently been made. Here, we review recent advances in buckwheat breeding materials, tools, and methods, including the development of self-compatible lines, genetic maps, a buckwheat genome database, and an efficient breeding strategy. We also describe emerging breeding methods for high-value lines.
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development of co dominant markers linked to a hemizygous region that is related to the self compatibility locus s in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
Breeding Science, 2020Co-Authors: Mariko Ueno, Katsuhiro Matsui, Ryoma Takeshima, Nobuyuki Mizuno, Yasuo YasuiAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a heterostylous self-incompatible (SI) species with two different flower morphologies, pin and thrum. The SI trait is controlled by a single gene complex locus, S. Self-compatible (SC) lines were developed by crossing F. esculentum and F. homotropicum; these lines have an SC gene, Sh , which is dominant over the s allele and recessive to the S allele. S-ELF3 has been identified as a candidate gene in the S locus and is present in the S and Sh but not s alleles. A single-nucleotide deletion in the S-ELF3 gene of the Sh allele results in a frame shift. To develop co-dominant markers to distinguish between ShSh and Shs plants, we performed a next-generation sequencing analysis in combination with bulked-segregant analysis. We developed four co-dominant markers linked to the S locus. We investigated the polymorphism frequency between a self-compatible line and leading Japanese buckwheat cultivars. Linkage between a developed sequence-tagged-site marker and flower morphology was confirmed using more than 1000 segregating plants and showed no recombination. The developed markers would be useful for buckwheat breeding and also to produce lines for genetic analysis such as recombinant inbred lines.
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identification of a gene encoding polygalacturonase expressed specifically in short styles in distylous common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
Heredity, 2019Co-Authors: Ryoma Takeshima, Katsuhiro Matsui, Takeshi Nishio, Setsuko Komatsu, Nobuyuki KurauchiAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a heteromorphic self-incompatible (SI) species with two types of floral architecture: thrum (short style) and pin (long style). The floral morphology and intra-morph incompatibility are controlled by a single genetic locus, S. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the heteromorphic self-incompatibility of common buckwheat remain unclear. To identify these mechanisms, we performed proteomic, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and linkage analyses. Comparison of protein profiles between the long and short styles revealed a protein unique to the short style. Amino-acid sequencing revealed that it was a truncated form of polygalacturonase (PG); we designated the gene encoding this protein FePG1. Phylogenetic analysis classified FePG1 into the same clade as PGs that function in pollen development and floral morphology. FePG1 expression was significantly higher in short styles than in long styles. It was expressed in flowers of a short-homostyle line but not in flowers of a long-homostyle line. Linkage analysis indicated that FePG1 was not linked to the S locus; it could be a factor downstream of this locus. Our finding of a gene putatively working under the regulation of the S locus provides useful information for elucidation of the mechanism of heteromorphic self-incompatibility.
Mitsuru Watanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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catechins as antioxidants from buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum moench groats
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Mitsuru WatanabeAbstract:Four catechins and rutin were isolated from ethanol extracts of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) groats by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative HPLC with monitoring of the peroxyl radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of these catechins was higher than that of rutin. The structures of these catechins were established as (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, (−)-epicatechin 3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate, and (−)-epicatechin 3-O-(3,4-di-O-methyl)gallate on the basis of 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The yields of these antioxidant compounds suggest that they are abundant, as is rutin, which is known as a biological phytochemical in buckwheat groats. Keywords: Fagopyrum esculentum; antioxidant activity; flavonoids; (−)-epicatechin; (+)-catechin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside; (−)-epicatechin 3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate; (−)-epicatechin 3-O-(3,4-di-O-methyl)gallate
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antioxidant compounds from buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum moench hulls
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997Co-Authors: Mitsuru Watanabe, Yasuo Ohshita, Tojiro TsushidaAbstract:Ethanolic extracts of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hulls were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography into eight fractions. Five of the fractions exhibited peroxyl radical-scavenging activity by inhibiting the oxidation of methyl linoleate in solution. Two of the antioxidant fractions contained proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) from the color reaction of these fractions with HCl under heat treatment. Five antioxidant compounds were isolated by preparative HPLC and identified as quercetin, hyperin, rutin, protocatechuic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The contents of these active compounds in the buckwheat hulls were as follows: protocatechuic acid (13.4 mg/100 g of dried hulls), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (6.1 mg/100 g), hyperin (5.0 mg/100 g), rutin (4.3 mg/100 g), and quercetin (2.5 mg/100 g). Besides the isolation of these compounds, two major compounds that showed no peroxyl radical-scavenging activity in the extract were isolated and identified as vitexin and isovitexin.
Ivan Kreft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined in Leaves, Flowers, and Grain of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Alena Vollmannová, Ivan Kreft, Janette Musilová, Judita Lidiková, Július Árvay, Marek Šnirc, Tomáš Tóth, Tatiana Bojňanská, Iveta Čičová, Mateja GermAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a valuable source of proteins, B vitamins, manganese, tryptophan, phytochemicals with an antioxidant effect, and the natural flavonoid rutin. Due to its composition, buckwheat supports the human immune system, regulates blood cholesterol, and is suitable for patients with diabetes or celiac disease. The study aimed to compare the allocation of selected phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, trans-sinapic acid, trans-ferulic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, vitexin, quercetin, kaempferol) in the leaves, flowers, and grain of buckwheat cultivars of different origin. The content of individual phenolics was determined by the HPLC-DAD method. The results confirmed the determining role of cultivar on the relative content of chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-sinapic acid, vitexin, and kaempferol in buckwheat plants. A significantly negative correlation among concentrations of phenolic acids in different common buckwheat plant parts shows that there are different mechanisms of genetic influences on the concentration of phenolic substances in common buckwheat flowers, leaves, and grain. These differences should be taken into account when breeding buckwheat for a high concentration of selected phenolic substances
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selenium and its species distribution in above ground plant parts of selenium enriched buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum moench
Analytical Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Maja Vogrincic, Ivan Kreft, Petra Cuderman, Vekoslava StibiljAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was foliarly sprayed with a water solution containing 10 mg Se(VI) L(-1) at the beginning of flowering. The total Se content in plant parts in the untreated group was low, whereas in the Se-sprayed group it was approximately 50- to 500-fold higher, depending on the plant part (708-4231 ng Se g(-1) DM(-1) (DM: dry matter)). We observed a similar distribution of Se in plant parts in both control and treated groups, with the highest difference in Se content being in ripe seeds. Water-soluble Se compounds were extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis with protease XIV, resulting in above 63% of soluble Se from seeds, approximately 14% from stems, leaves and inflorescences and less than 1% from husks. Se-species were determined in enzymatic extracts using HPLC-UV-HG-AFS (HPLC-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry with UV treatment). The main Se species found in seeds was SeMet ( approximately 60% according to total Se content), while in stems, leaves and inflorescences the only form of soluble Se present was Se(VI) (up to 10% of total Se). In husks no Se-species were detected. We observed an instability of Se(IV) in seed extracts as a possible consequence of binding to the matrix components. Therefore, special care concerning sample extraction and the storage time of the extracts should be taken.
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combined effects of elevated uv b radiation and the addition of selenium on common Fagopyrum esculentum moench and tartary Fagopyrum tataricum l gaertn buckwheat
Photosynthetica, 2005Co-Authors: B Breznik, Alenka Gaberscik, Mateja Germ, Ivan KreftAbstract:The combined effects of UV-B irradiation and foliar treatment with selenium on two buckwheat species, common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary [Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.] buckwheat, that underwent different intensity of breeding, were examined. Plants grown outdoors under three levels of UV-B radiation were studied for 9 weeks, from sowing to ripening. At week 7 they were sprayed with solution containing 1 g(Se) m−3 that presumably mitigates UV-B stress. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of the plants were monitored. Elevated UV-B radiation, corresponding to a 17 % reduction of the ozone layer, induced synthesis of UV absorbing compounds. In both buckwheat species it also caused a reduction in amounts of chlorophyll a during the time of intensive growth, an effect, which was increased in tartary buckwheat in the presence of selenium. The respiratory potential, measured as terminal electron transport system activity, was lower in plants subjected to enhanced UV-B radiation during the time of intensive growth. The effective quantum yield of photosystem 2 was also reduced due to UV-B radiation in both buckwheat species and was mitigated by the addition of Se. Se treatment also mitigated the stunting effect of UV-B radiation and the lowering of biomass in common buckwheat.
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enhanced selenium content in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum moench and pumpkin cucurbita pepo l seeds by foliar fertilisation
European Food Research and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Vekoslava Stibilj, Ivan Kreft, Polona Smrkolj, Jože OsvaldAbstract:The fruit and thin-husked seeds of the pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) and buckwheat grain (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), both grown in Slovenia, were analysed for selenium (Se) content following foliar application of Se(VI) solution during the period of blooming. Samples were digested by a H2SO4-HNO3-H2O2-V2O5 mixture and Se determined, based on hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The whole procedure from weighing to measuring was carried out in the same Teflon vessel. The detection limit of the method was 0.14 ng g−1 solution. Buckwheat seeds from untreated plants contained 47 ng g−1 of Se and 394 ng g−1 from plants after foliar fertilisation with Se. Pumpkin seeds from untreated plants contained 108 ng g−1 of Se, and 381 ng g−1 of Se from Se-treated plants, all per lyophilised sample. Se content in lyophilised pumpkin fruit was 15 ng g−1 in untreated plants and 20 ng g−1 in Se-treated pumpkin plants. It is thus feasible to enhance Se content in buckwheat and pumpkin seeds by foliar fertilisation, making them a rich source of dietary Se and useful as a raw material for enriched food products.
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resistant starch formation following autoclaving of buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum moench groats an in vitro study
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Vida Skrabanja, Ivan KreftAbstract:Buckwheat groats (cv. Darja) were autoclaved at 120 °C for 1 h and cooled to room temperature (the temperature decreased to 25 °C in 150 min). A portion was treated further with two additional autoclaving/cooling cycles. A higher number of autoclaving/cooling cycles did not affect the proportion of slowly digested starch (SDS) or resistant starch (RS) fraction found in treated buckwheat but gave a significant (P < 0.001) rise in the retrograded starch (RS3) amount. In native groat starch, 24.6% of apparent amylose and 28.3% of true amylose was determined. In samples treated with three autoclaving/cooling cycles there was significantly (P < 0.001) more apparent and true amylose in the starch in comparison to the native sample or to samples autoclaved once. This may be due to gradual cleavage of some glycosidic bonds of starch, resulting in shorter linear chains, which could be then more predisposed to forming both amylose-like helices and more complex aggregates. Keywords: Fagopyrum esculentum; autoclaving...
Sang Un Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SU: Influence of sucrose on rutin content and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Plant omics
2020Co-Authors: Nam Il Park, Sookyoung Lee, Chul Ho Park, Su Gwan Kim, Sang Un ParkAbstract:Abstract Rutin is the main flavonoid compound in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and sucrose is a major enhancer of both phenolic production and organ development in plants. In this work, we measured the effect of sucrose on on the growth of buckwheat seedlings. The accumulation of rutin in these seedlings and the expression pattern of the structural genes that are involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were also investigated. The growth of buckwheat was inhibited when the concentration of sucrose was increased to 50 g/L; however, the expression of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes were increased after 1 or 2 days of treatment and rutin content showed a marked increase when the concentration of sucrose was increased from 10 g/L to 50 g/L
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metabolomic analysis and differential expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in white and red flowered buckwheat cultivars Fagopyrum esculentum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Yeon Bok Kim, Sooyun Park, Aye Aye Thwe, Jeong Min Seo, Tastsuro Suzuki, Sunju Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un ParkAbstract:Red-flowered buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is used in the production of tea, juice, and alcohols after the detoxification of fagopyrin. In order to investigate the metabolomics and regulatory of anthocyanin production in red-flowered (Gan-Chao) and white-flowered (Tanno) buckwheat cultivars, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were conducted. The transcriptions of FePAL, FeC4H, Fe4CL1, FeF3H, FeANS, and FeDFR increased gradually from flowering stage 1 and reached their highest peaks at flowering stage 3 in Gan-Chao flower. In total 44 metabolites, 18 amino acids, 15 organic acids, 7 sugars, 3 sugar alcohols, and 1 amine were detected in Gan-Chao flowers. Two anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, were identified in Gan-Chao cultivar. The first component of the partial least-squares to latent structures-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that high amount...
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differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and accumulation of phenolic compounds in common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Nam Il Park, Sunhee Woo, Cheol Ho Park, Sang Un ParkAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a short-season grain crop that is a source of rutin and other phenolic compounds. In this study, we isolated the cDNAs of 11 F. esculentum enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, namely, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) 1 and 2, chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), flavonol synthase (FLS) 1 and 2, and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that these genes were most highly expressed in the stems and roots. However, high performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that their flavonoid products, such as rutin and catechin, accumulated in the flowers and leaves. These results suggested that flavonoids may be transported within F. esculentum. In addition, light and dark growth conditions affected the expression levels of the biosynthesis genes and accumulation of phenolic compounds in F. esculentum sprouts.
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growth and rutin production in hairy root cultures of buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum m
Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2007Co-Authors: Sookyoung Lee, Sooin Cho, Minhee Park, Yongkyung Kim, Jaeeul Choi, Sang Un ParkAbstract:Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) is a potentially important source of rutin, a natural flavonoid with antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, and antioxidative properties. To examine in vitro production of rutin, we established a hairy root culture of buckwheat by infecting leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1000, and tested the growth conditions and rutin production rates of these cultures. Ten hairy root clones were established; their growth and rutin production rates ranged from 233 to 312 (mg dry wt per 30 mL flask, and 0.8 to 1.2 (mg/g dry wt), respectively. Clone H8, which had high growth and rutin production rates (312 mg dry wt per 30 mL flask and 1.2 mg/g dry wt, respectively), was selected for further experiments. H8 showed maximal growth and rutin content at 30 days in culture in MS medium. Of four tested culture media, half-strength MS medium was found to induce the highest levels of growth (378 mg dry wt per 30 mL flask) and rutin production (1.4 mg/g dry wt) by clone H8. In contrast, supplementation with auxins (0.1-1 mg/l IAA, IBA and NAA) increased the growth rate, but had no significant effect on rutin production by H8. Collectively, these findings indicate that hairy root cultures of buckwheat culture could be a valuable alternative approach for rutin production.
Ryoma Takeshima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of co dominant markers linked to a hemizygous region that is related to the self compatibility locus s in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
Breeding Science, 2020Co-Authors: Mariko Ueno, Katsuhiro Matsui, Ryoma Takeshima, Nobuyuki Mizuno, Yasuo YasuiAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a heterostylous self-incompatible (SI) species with two different flower morphologies, pin and thrum. The SI trait is controlled by a single gene complex locus, S. Self-compatible (SC) lines were developed by crossing F. esculentum and F. homotropicum; these lines have an SC gene, Sh , which is dominant over the s allele and recessive to the S allele. S-ELF3 has been identified as a candidate gene in the S locus and is present in the S and Sh but not s alleles. A single-nucleotide deletion in the S-ELF3 gene of the Sh allele results in a frame shift. To develop co-dominant markers to distinguish between ShSh and Shs plants, we performed a next-generation sequencing analysis in combination with bulked-segregant analysis. We developed four co-dominant markers linked to the S locus. We investigated the polymorphism frequency between a self-compatible line and leading Japanese buckwheat cultivars. Linkage between a developed sequence-tagged-site marker and flower morphology was confirmed using more than 1000 segregating plants and showed no recombination. The developed markers would be useful for buckwheat breeding and also to produce lines for genetic analysis such as recombinant inbred lines.
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identification of a gene encoding polygalacturonase expressed specifically in short styles in distylous common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
Heredity, 2019Co-Authors: Ryoma Takeshima, Katsuhiro Matsui, Takeshi Nishio, Setsuko Komatsu, Nobuyuki KurauchiAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a heteromorphic self-incompatible (SI) species with two types of floral architecture: thrum (short style) and pin (long style). The floral morphology and intra-morph incompatibility are controlled by a single genetic locus, S. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the heteromorphic self-incompatibility of common buckwheat remain unclear. To identify these mechanisms, we performed proteomic, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and linkage analyses. Comparison of protein profiles between the long and short styles revealed a protein unique to the short style. Amino-acid sequencing revealed that it was a truncated form of polygalacturonase (PG); we designated the gene encoding this protein FePG1. Phylogenetic analysis classified FePG1 into the same clade as PGs that function in pollen development and floral morphology. FePG1 expression was significantly higher in short styles than in long styles. It was expressed in flowers of a short-homostyle line but not in flowers of a long-homostyle line. Linkage analysis indicated that FePG1 was not linked to the S locus; it could be a factor downstream of this locus. Our finding of a gene putatively working under the regulation of the S locus provides useful information for elucidation of the mechanism of heteromorphic self-incompatibility.
