The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Celine Souchay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Metacognitive domain specificity in Feeling-of-Knowing but not retrospective confidence.
Neuroscience of consciousness, 2020Co-Authors: Audrey Mazancieux, Celine Souchay, Claire Dinze, Chris J A MoulinAbstract:Previous research has converged on the idea that metacognitive evaluations of memory dissociate between semantic and episodic memory tasks, even if the type of metacognitive judgement is held constant. This often observed difference has been the basis of much theoretical reasoning about the types of cues available when making metacognitive judgements of memory and how metacognition is altered in memory pathologies. Here, we sought to revisit the difference between episodic and semantic Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) judgements in the light of recent research which has supported a domain general account of metacognition. One hundred participants performed classical episodic and semantic memory tasks with FOK judgements and confidence judgements. Using the meta-d' framework, we applied a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate metacognitive sensitivity and cross-task covariance. Results revealed a significant correlation in metacognitive efficiency (meta-d'/d') between the episodic memory task and the semantic memory task for confidence judgements; however, no evidence was found for a cross-task correlation for FOK judgements. This supports the view that FOK judgements are based on different cues in semantic and episodic memory, whereas confidence judgements are domain general.
-
Metacognitive domain specificity in Feeling-of-Knowing but not retrospective confidence
2019Co-Authors: Audrey Mazancieux, Celine Souchay, Claire Dinze, Chris MoulinAbstract:Previous research has converged on the idea that metacognitive evaluations of memory dissociate between semantic and episodic memory tasks, even if the type of metacognitive judgement is held constant. This often observed difference has been the basis of much theoretical reasoning about the types of cues available when making metacognitive judgements of memory and how metacognition is altered in memory pathologies. Here we sought to revisit the difference between episodic and semantic Feeling-of-Knowing judgements in the light of recent research which has supported a domain general account of metacognition. One hundred participants performed classical episodic and semantic memory tasks with Feeling-of-Knowing judgements and confidence judgements. Using the meta-d’ framework, we applied a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate metacognitive sensitivity and cross-task covariance. Results revealed a significant correlation in metacognitive efficiency (meta-d’/d’) between the episodic memory task and the semantic memory task for confidence judgements, however no evidence was found for a cross-task correlation for Feeling-of-Knowing judgements. This supports the view that FOK judgements are based on different cues in semantic and episodic memory, whereas confidence judgements are domain general.
-
Episodic Feeling-of-Knowing relies on noncriterial recollection and familiarity: Evidence using an online remember-know procedure.
Consciousness and Cognition, 2016Co-Authors: Michel Isingrini, Celine Souchay, Mathilde Sacher, Laurence Taconnat, Audrey Perrotin, Hélène Stoehr, Badiâa BouazzaouiAbstract:We examined the hypothesis that Feeling-of-Knowing judgments rely on recollection as well as on familiarity prompted by the cue presentation. A remember-know-no memory procedure was combined with the episodic FOK procedure employing a cue-target pair memory task. The magnitude of FOK judgments and FOK accuracy were examined as a function of recollection, familiarity, or the "no memory" option. Results showed that the proportion of R and K responses was similar. FOK accuracy and magnitude of FOK judgments were higher for R and K responses than for N responses. FOK accuracy related to R and K responses were above chance level, but FOK was not accurate in the "no memory" condition. Finally, both FOK magnitude and FOK accuracy were related more to recollection than to familiarity. These results support the hypothesis that both recollection and familiarity are determinants of the FOK process, although they suggest that recollection has a stronger influence.
-
Parlez-vous français? Episodic and Semantic Feeling of Knowing in Aging
International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2014Co-Authors: Suzannah M. Morson, Chris J A Moulin, Jelena Havelka, Celine SouchayAbstract:As well as memory performance, the sensations and experiences that accompany memory retrieval can beinformative regarding changes to memory that occur with aging. One such experience is the Feeling of Knowing(FOK), the sensation that an item which has failed to be recalled is nonetheless stored within the memory system,though temporarily unavailable. Older adults consistently show preserved FOK accuracy for semanticinformation. However, measures of FOK accuracy in episodic memory tasks have yielded inconsistent findings.The present study used a novel language translation paradigm to assess the effect of age on semantic andepisodic FOK judgments, and to examine the impact of repeated learning trials on episodic FOKs. As expected,no age effect was found for semantic FOK judgments. For episodic judgments, older adults’ only were found tohave chance levels of performance: FOK judgments in the older adult group were not predictive of futurememory performance. Repeated learning trials led to comparable improvements in FOK accuracy between thetwo age groups, although older adults remained at chance until after the third learning trial. Results areinterpreted within recent memory and metamemory frameworks.
-
metamemoire et troubles de la memoire l exemple du Feeling of Knowing
Revue De Neuropsychologie, 2013Co-Authors: Celine SouchayAbstract:Cet article presente une revue de la litterature sur la metamemoire dans le contexte des pathologies de la memoire en se focalisant sur un paradigme precis, celui du Feeling-of-Knowing ou sentiment de savoir. La metamemoire est definie comme la connaissance des individus sur leur propre memoire et le paradigme du Feeling-of-Knowing est une methode permettant de mesurer ces connaissances. D’un point de vue experimental, les predictions de Feeling-of-Knowing consistent a demander aux participants, lorsqu’ils ne peuvent rappeler un item, de predire leur capacite a reconnaitre cet item ulterieurement. Ce paradigme peut etre utilise sur une tâche de memoire episodique ou semantique. Une definition methodologique et conceptuelle de ce paradigme montre que la question des relations entre memoire et metamemoire reste ouverte. Pour eclairer cette question, cette revue resume les etudes du Feeling-of-Knowing dans des populations presentant des performances de memoire amoindries (vieillissement normal) ou deficitaires (maladie d’Alzheimer, lesions cerebrales, schizophrenie, autisme). La conclusion revele que la question des relations entre memoire et performance mnesique a evolue avec les modeles recents de la memoire episodique et presente l’idee d’une metacognition a deux niveaux.
Michel Isingrini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Episodic Feeling-of-Knowing relies on noncriterial recollection and familiarity: Evidence using an online remember-know procedure.
Consciousness and Cognition, 2016Co-Authors: Michel Isingrini, Celine Souchay, Mathilde Sacher, Laurence Taconnat, Audrey Perrotin, Hélène Stoehr, Badiâa BouazzaouiAbstract:We examined the hypothesis that Feeling-of-Knowing judgments rely on recollection as well as on familiarity prompted by the cue presentation. A remember-know-no memory procedure was combined with the episodic FOK procedure employing a cue-target pair memory task. The magnitude of FOK judgments and FOK accuracy were examined as a function of recollection, familiarity, or the "no memory" option. Results showed that the proportion of R and K responses was similar. FOK accuracy and magnitude of FOK judgments were higher for R and K responses than for N responses. FOK accuracy related to R and K responses were above chance level, but FOK was not accurate in the "no memory" condition. Finally, both FOK magnitude and FOK accuracy were related more to recollection than to familiarity. These results support the hypothesis that both recollection and familiarity are determinants of the FOK process, although they suggest that recollection has a stronger influence.
-
Effects of aging and divided attention on episodic Feeling-of-Knowing accuracy
Acta Psychologica, 2013Co-Authors: Mathilde Sacher, Michel Isingrini, Laurence TaconnatAbstract:This research investigated the effect of aging on episodic Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) using a divided attention (DA) paradigm in order to examine whether DA in younger adults mimics the effects of aging when decreasing either memory encoding or monitoring processes. To that end, four groups of participants were tested on the FOK task: young adults (control group), young adults under DA at encoding, young adults under DA when making FOK judgments, and older adults. Our results showed that DA at encoding in young adults mimicked the effect of aging on memory performance, and also on FOK magnitude and accuracy, supporting the memory-constraint hypothesis (Hertzog et al., 2010). However, our results do not completely contradict the monitoring-deficit hypothesis, as DA during FOK judgments also affected FOK accuracy, but to a lesser extent than the aging effect or DA during encoding. We suggest that the age-related FOK deficit may be due to a lower level of deep encoding, leading to difficulty retrieving target-related contextual details enabling accurate prediction of subsequent recognition.
-
Are Feeling-of-Knowing and judgment-of-learning different? Evidence from older adults
Acta psychologica, 2012Co-Authors: Celine Souchay, Michel IsingriniAbstract:This study aims to assess age differences between Judgments-of-learning (JOLs) and Feeling-of-Knowing (FOKs) as they are typically studied. The novel contribution of the present study is a comparison between these two metacognitive judgments in a within subject design. Young and older adults were tested on their JOL accuracy and were asked to predict future recall during learning. All participants were also asked to predict future recognition of unrecalled items (FOK judgments). Results showed that although older adults had similar low levels of memory performance in the JOL task and in the FOK task, metacognitive impairments were only found on the resolution of FOKs. Furthermore, an analysis of covariance showed that age differences on memory performance explained the age effect observed on the FOK, thus supporting the memory constraint hypothesis (Hertzog et al., 2010). Results are discussed in relation to contemporary models of memory.
-
Divided attention at encoding: effect on Feeling-of-Knowing.
Consciousness and cognition, 2009Co-Authors: Mathilde Sacher, Celine Souchay, Laurence Taconnat, Michel IsingriniAbstract:This research investigated the effect of divided attention at encoding on Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK). Participants had to learn a 60 word-pair list under two experimental conditions, one with full attention (FA) and one with divided attention (DA). After that, they were administered episodic FOK tasks with a cued-recall phase, a FOK phase and a recognition phase. Our results showed that DA at encoding altered not only memory performance, but also FOK judgments and FOK accuracy. These findings throw some light on the central role of the quality of memory encoding to make accurate FOK judgments and provide new evidence supporting the relationship between memory and metamemory judgments.
-
Executive functioning and memory as potential mediators of the episodic Feeling-of-Knowing accuracy.
Brain and cognition, 2008Co-Authors: Audrey Perrotin, Lydia Tournelle, Michel IsingriniAbstract:Abstract The study focused on the cognitive determinants of the accuracy of Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) judgments made on episodic memory information. An individual differences approach was used on a sample of healthy older adults assessed on an episodic FOK task and on several neuropsychological measures. At a global level of analysis of FOK accuracy, the contributions of four general cognitive processes—episodic memory, executive functioning, fluid intelligence and processing speed—were examined concurrently. Stepwise regression analyses showed that executive functioning accounted for the major part of variance on FOK accuracy, followed by a significant contribution of episodic memory. After controlling for executive and memory involvement, fluid intelligence and processing speed no longer accounted for significant variance. At a more detailed level of analysis of FOK accuracy, the contributions of three specific executive processes—shifting, updating and inhibition—were assessed. The results revealed shifting function as the primary executive process engaged in the production of accurate FOK judgments in episodic memory. Some hypotheses are put forward to better understand the central role of executive functioning in the production of accurate FOK judgments.
Bennett L. Schwartz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The basis of Feeling-of-Knowing judgments in patients with schizophrenia
Metacognition and Learning, 2018Co-Authors: Elisabeth Bacon, Mathieu Pillot, Marie Izaute, Bennett L. SchwartzAbstract:We examined the basis of Feeling-of-Knowing judgments (FOK) in patients with schizophrenia. Such patients typically have impaired memory and awareness, but not metamemory-accuracy deficits. The magnitude of FOKs are lower for patients with schizophrenia than for healthy participants, but judgments equally predict memory performance. In healthy participants, FOK is based on accessible information, including retrieval of partial-target (e.g., retrieving the first letter) and contextual information (e.g., related facts). In Experiment 1, we examined if accessible information predicts FOKs for episodic memory in patients with schizophrenia. Patients and healthy controls learned names paired with drawings of imaginary animals. The results showed that patients’ FOK increased with the retrieval of partial-target and contextual information . In Experiment 2, using semantic-memory general-information questions, accessible partial-target information predicted FOKs in patients with schizophrenia. The accessibility model of FOK applies to patients with schizophrenia, and it is important to determine what occurs in other memory-impaired populations.
-
Methodological concerns: the Feeling-of-Knowing task affects resolution
Metacognition and Learning, 2015Co-Authors: Bennett L. Schwartz, Aysecan Boduroglu, Ali I. TekcanAbstract:In traditional Feeling-of-Knowing procedures, participants make judgments on unrecalled items only (e.g. Hart 1965). However, many researchers elicit Feeling-of-Knowing judgments (FOKs) on all items. When FOKs are made on all items, participants may use recall as a basis for judgments, leading to higher magnitude judgments for recalled items, but causing a relative floor effect for judgments for unrecalled items. We suspected that resolution (relative accuracy) would be better when FOKs are made on all items than when they are made on unrecalled items only. We examined the issue by comparing across studies, reanalyzing data from another experiment, and by conducting an original experiment. In the literature review, we included 83 conditions across 52 studies. We found that Feeling-of-Knowing judgments made on all items showed higher resolution than Feeling-of-Knowing judgments made on unrecalled items. This was replicated in the reanalysis of existing data of a single study that used both methods. In the original experiment, we collected Feeling-of-Knowing judgments for general-information questions. The experiment confirmed that resolution for predicting recognition was higher when Feeling-of-Knowing judgments were made on all items than when they were made only on unrecalled items. We discuss both methodological and theoretical implications of these data.
-
Contextual information influences the Feeling of Knowing in episodic memory
Consciousness and cognition, 2014Co-Authors: Bennett L. Schwartz, Mathieu Pillot, Elisabeth BaconAbstract:The Feeling of Knowing (FOK) predicts the likelihood of eventually recognizing currently unrecalled items. Koriat (1993, 1995) showed that retrieval of partial target information influences FOK ratings. Building on Koriat's view, the noncriterial-recollection hypothesis contends that contextual information influences FOKs (Brewer, Marsh, Clark-Foos, & Meeks, 2010). Our study assessed the validity of the noncriterial-recollection hypothesis by controlling the amount of potentially-retrievable contextual information presented to participants. We varied the amount of contextual information accompanying the name and image of imaginary animals. There were three information conditions: minimum (name and image), medium (name, image, and country), and maximum (name, image, country, diet and weight). Information condition did not affect recall accuracy. The minimum condition resulted in greater response output (recall and commission errors together). FOKs for unrecalled items were lower in the minimum condition than the other conditions. Consistent with the noncriterial-recollection hypothesis, FOKs were positively correlated with the retrieval of contextual information.
-
Working memory load differentially affects tip-of-the-tongue states and Feeling-of-Knowing judgments
Memory & Cognition, 2008Co-Authors: Bennett L. SchwartzAbstract:Tip-of-the-tongue states (TOTs) are judgments of the likelihood of imminent retrieval for items currently not recalled, whereas Feeling-of-Knowing judgments (FOKs) are predictions of successful recognition for items not recalled. The assumption has been that similar metacognitive processes dictate these similar judgments. In Experiment 1, TOTs and FOKs were compared for general information questions. Participants remembered four digits (working memory load) during target retrieval for half of the questions, and there was no memory load for the other questions. Working memory did not affect recall but decreased the number of TOTs and increased FOKs. In Experiment 2, participants maintained six digits during retrieval. TOTs decreased in the working memory condition, but FOKs remained constant. Experiment 3 replicated the results of Experiment 2 while asking for FOKs for recall. In each of the first three experiments, positive metacognitive judgments also affected working memory performance, supporting the idea that working memory and metamemory use similar monitoring processes. In Experiment 4, visual working memory did not affect TOTs or FOKs. The data support a view that TOTs and FOKs are separable metacognitive entities.
-
Feeling of Knowing in episodic memory an event related fmri study
NeuroImage, 2003Co-Authors: Anat Maril, Bennett L. Schwartz, Jon S Simons, Jason P Mitchell, Daniel L SchacterAbstract:An individual may fail to recall an item from memory but still feel that it would be recognized on a later test, a retrieval state termed the “Feeling-of-Knowing” (FOK). In this study we used event-related fMRI and the FOK to examine both encoding- and retrieval-related factors that are associated with different levels of recall performance: successful retrieval of a previously studied item, retrieval failure accompanied by the FOK, and retrieval failure without any FOK. The results revealed one predominant pattern of retrieval-related activation: an intermediate level of activation for FOK—less than that associated with successful recall and greater than that associated with unsuccessful recall (frontal and left parietal cortices). Two further patterns were also observed: greater activation for both successful recall and FOK than for unsuccessful recall (left midlateral prefrontal cortex) and greater activation for successful recall than for both FOK and unsuccessful recall (left MTL). Analysis of encoding trials conditional upon subsequent retrieval success revealed a pattern of activation that appeared to predict subsequent recall, but which further analysis indicated to be a better predictor of subsequent recognition. These results provide evidence that the phenomenology of graded recall is represented neurally in frontal and parietal cortices, but that activation at encoding may not precipitate the different levels of recall experience.
Ali I. Tekcan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Methodological concerns: the Feeling-of-Knowing task affects resolution
Metacognition and Learning, 2015Co-Authors: Bennett L. Schwartz, Aysecan Boduroglu, Ali I. TekcanAbstract:In traditional Feeling-of-Knowing procedures, participants make judgments on unrecalled items only (e.g. Hart 1965). However, many researchers elicit Feeling-of-Knowing judgments (FOKs) on all items. When FOKs are made on all items, participants may use recall as a basis for judgments, leading to higher magnitude judgments for recalled items, but causing a relative floor effect for judgments for unrecalled items. We suspected that resolution (relative accuracy) would be better when FOKs are made on all items than when they are made on unrecalled items only. We examined the issue by comparing across studies, reanalyzing data from another experiment, and by conducting an original experiment. In the literature review, we included 83 conditions across 52 studies. We found that Feeling-of-Knowing judgments made on all items showed higher resolution than Feeling-of-Knowing judgments made on unrecalled items. This was replicated in the reanalysis of existing data of a single study that used both methods. In the original experiment, we collected Feeling-of-Knowing judgments for general-information questions. The experiment confirmed that resolution for predicting recognition was higher when Feeling-of-Knowing judgments were made on all items than when they were made only on unrecalled items. We discuss both methodological and theoretical implications of these data.
-
Effects of self-referencing on Feeling-of-Knowing accuracy and recollective experience
Memory (Hove England), 2014Co-Authors: Aysecan Boduroglu, Ali I. Tekcan, Didem Pehlivanoglu, Aycan KapucuAbstract:The current research investigated the impact of self-referencing (SR) on Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) judgements to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these metamemory judgements and specifically test the relationship between recollective experiences and FOK accuracy within the accessibility framework FOK judgements are thought to be by-products of the retrieval process and are therefore closely related to memory performance. Because relating information to one's self is one of the factors enhancing memory performance, we investigated the effect of self-related encoding on FOK accuracy and recollective experience. We compared performance on this condition to a separate deep processing condition in which participants reported the frequency of occurrence of pairs of words. Participants encoded pairs of words incidentally, and following a delay interval, they attempted at retrieving each target prompted by its cue. Then, they were re-presented with all cues and asked to provide FOK ratings re...
-
The relationship between executive functions, episodic Feeling-of-Knowing and confidence judgements
Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Aysecan Boduroglu, Ali I. Tekcan, Aycan KapucuAbstract:Metamemory processes and executive control may be related, given that both are frontally mediated. However, previous behavioural research has been limited in identifying common processes driving this somewhat weak relationship partly because they mostly relied upon global executive measures and composite scores of executive function (EF). The present study investigated the relationship between specific EFs (task shifting, interference resolution), working memory capacity and Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) and confidence judgements (CONF) in an episodic memory task. We found that, of the EFs, only task-switching performance was correlated with FOK accuracy and proposed a shared mechanism that may be at play in both task-switching and FOK judgements. We also demonstrated that interference resolution and episodic memory measures were related, suggesting strategic influences on memory retrieval. Finally, we found a strong consistency in the strength and accuracy of FOK and CONF judgements, possibly due to retrieval...
-
Are you sure you forgot? Feeling of Knowing in directed forgetting.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning memory and cognition, 2001Co-Authors: Ali I. Tekcan, Melis AktürkAbstract:One significant issue in metamemory is how variables increasing memorability affect metamemory. Previous research has produced inconsistent results. The effect of directed forgetting on the magnitude and accuracy of Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) judgments was investigated. Participants were presented with word pairs, some to be remembered and some to be forgotten, and then were asked to recall all target words regardless of initial instructions. For unrecalled items, they were asked to give FOK judgments about performance in a future memory task: a cued stem-completion task (Experiment 1) or a recognition test (Experiment 2). This encoding manipulation increased both the memory performance and the magnitude of FOK judgments. However, no such effect on the accuracy of FOK judgments was observed.
-
Feeling of Knowing for Translations of Words
Journal of Memory and Language, 2000Co-Authors: Zehra F. Peynircioǧlu, Ali I. TekcanAbstract:We looked at memory and metamemory for translations of words. Native Turkish speakers with different levels of proficiency in English tried to recall translations in response to both English and Turkish cue words. If they could not, they gave Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) ratings. The accuracy of these ratings was gauged by recognition (Experiment 1) or cued recall (Experiment 2). Both initial recall and magnitudes of FOK ratings were influenced by proficiency levels, although accuracy of these FOK ratings was not. In addition, whereas recall was higher when the cue words were in the participants' weaker language, both the magnitudes of FOK ratings and accuracy were higher when the cue words were in the participants' stronger language. The inaccuracies were largely due to underconfidence by more proficient participants when they gave low FOK ratings and overconfidence by less proficient participants when they gave high FOK ratings.
Elizabeth F Chua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
building metamemorial knowledge over time insights from eye tracking about the bases of Feeling of Knowing and confidence judgments
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Elizabeth F Chua, Lisa A SolingerAbstract:Metamemory processes depend on different factors across the learning and memory time-scale. In the laboratory, subjects are often asked to make prospective Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) judgments about target retrievability, or are asked to make retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs) about the retrieved target. We examined distinct and shared contributors to metamemory judgments, and how they were built over time. Eye movements were monitored during a face-scene associative memory task. At test, participants viewed a studied scene, then rated their Feeling-of-Knowing that they would remember the associated face. This was followed by a forced choice recognition test and retrospective confidence ratings. FOK judgments were less accurate than RCJ judgments, showing that the addition of mnemonic experience can increase metacognitive accuracy over time. However, there was also evidence that the given FOK rating influenced RCJs. Turning to eye movements, initial analyses showed that higher cue fluency was related to both higher FOKs and higher RCJs. However, further analyses revealed that the effects of the scene cue on RCJs were mediated by FOKs. Turning to the target, increased viewing time and faster viewing of the correct associate related to higher FOKs, consistent with the idea that target accessibility is a basis of FOKs. In contrast, the amount of viewing directed to the chosen face, regardless of whether it was correct, predicted higher RCJs, suggesting that choice experience is a significant contributor RCJs. We also examined covariates of the change in RCJ rating from the FOK rating, and showed that increased and faster viewing of the chosen face predicted raising one’s confidence above one’s FOK. Taken together these results suggest that metamemory judgments should not be thought of only as distinct subjective experiences, but complex processes that interact and evolve as new psychological bases for subjective experience become available.
-
neural correlates of metamemory a comparison of Feeling of Knowing and retrospective confidence judgments
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Elizabeth F Chua, Daniel L Schacter, Reisa A SperlingAbstract:Metamemory refers to knowledge and monitoring of one's own memory. Metamemory monitoring can be done prospectively with respect to subsequent memory retrieval or retrospectively with respect to previous memory retrieval. In this study, we used fMRI to compare neural activity during prospective Feeling-of-Knowing and retrospective confidence tasks in order to examine common and distinct mechanisms supporting multiple forms of metamemory monitoring. Both metamemory tasks, compared to non-metamemory tasks, were associated with greater activity in medial prefrontal, medial parietal, and lateral parietal regions, which have previously been implicated in internally directed cognition. Furthermore, compared to non-metamemory tasks, metamemory tasks were associated with less activity in occipital regions, and in lateral inferior frontal and dorsal medial prefrontal regions, which have previously shown involvement in visual processing and stimulus-oriented attention, respectively. Thus, neural activity related to metamemory is characterized by both a shift toward internally directed cognition and away from externally directed cognition. Several regions demonstrated differences in neural activity between Feeling-of-Knowing and confidence tasks, including fusiform, medial temporal lobe, and medial parietal regions; furthermore, these regions also showed interaction effects between task and the subjective metamemory rating, suggesting that they are sensitive to the information monitored in each particular task. These findings demonstrate both common and distinct neural mechanisms supporting metamemory processes and also serve to elucidate the functional roles of previously characterized brain networks.
-
a comparison of Feeling-of-Knowing and retrospective confidence judgments
2009Co-Authors: Elizabeth F Chua, Reisa A Sperling, Daniel L Schacter, A. MartinosAbstract:Metamemory refers to knowledge and monitoring of one’s own memory. Metamemory monitoring can be done prospectively with respect to subsequent memory retrieval or retrospectively with respect to previous memory retrieval. In this study, we used fMRI to compare neural activity during prospective Feeling-of-Knowing and retrospective confidence tasks in order to examine common and distinct mechanisms supporting multiple forms of metamemory monitoring. Both metamemory tasks, compared to non-metamemory tasks, were associated with greater activity in medial prefrontal, medial parietal, and lateral parietal regions, which have previously been implicated in internally directed cognition. Furthermore, compared to non-metamemory tasks, metamemory tasks were associated with less activity in occipital regions, and in lateral inferior frontal and dorsal medial prefrontal regions, which have previously shown involvement in visual processing and stimulus oriented attention, respectively. Thus neural activity related to metamemory is characterized by both a shift towards internally directed cognition and away from externally directed cognition. Several regions demonstrated differences in neural activity between Feeling-of-Knowing and confidence tasks, including fusiform, medial temporal lobe, and medial parietal regions; furthermore, these regions also showed interaction effects between task and the subjective metamemory rating, suggesting that they are sensitive to the information monitored in each particular task. These findings demonstrate both common and distinct neural mechanisms supporting metamemory processes and also serve to elucidate the functional roles of previously characterized brain networks.
