The Experts below are selected from a list of 810 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eliezer Lifschitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the flowering hormone Florigen accelerates secondary cell wall biogenesis to harmonize vascular maturation with reproductive development
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019Co-Authors: Akiva Shalitkaneh, Yuval Eshed, Tamar Eviatarribak, Guy Horev, Naomi Suss, Roni Aloni, Eliezer LifschitzAbstract:Florigen, a proteinaceous hormone, functions as a universal long-range promoter of flowering and concurrently as a generic growth-attenuating hormone across leaf and stem meristems. In flowering plants, the transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase entails the orchestration of new growth coordinates and a global redistribution of resources, signals, and mechanical loads among organs. However, the ultimate cellular processes governing the adaptation of the shoot system to reproduction remain unknown. We hypothesized that if the mechanism for floral induction is universal, then the cellular metabolic mechanisms underlying the conditioning of the shoot system for reproduction would also be universal and may be best regulated by Florigen itself. To understand the cellular basis for the vegetative functions of Florigen, we explored the radial expansion of tomato stems. RNA-Seq and complementary genetic and histological studies revealed that Florigen of endogenous, mobile, or induced origins accelerates the transcription network navigating secondary cell wall biogenesis as a unit, promoting vascular maturation and thereby adapting the shoot system to the developmental needs of the ensuing reproductive phase it had originally set into motion. We then demonstrated that a remarkably stable and broadly distributed Florigen promotes MADS and MIF genes, which in turn regulate the rate of vascular maturation and radial expansion of stems irrespective of flowering or Florigen level. The dual acceleration of flowering and vascular maturation by Florigen provides a paradigm for coordinated regulation of independent global developmental programs.
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the flowering hormone Florigen accelerates secondary cell wall biogenesis to harmonize vascular maturation with reproductive development
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Akiva Shalitkaneh, Yuval Eshed, Tamar Eviatarribak, Guy Horev, Naomi Suss, Roni Aloni, Eliezer LifschitzAbstract:The protein hormone Florigen is a universal systemic inducer of flowering that also functions as a generic growth terminator across flowering plants. To understand the developmental rational for its pleiotropic functions and to uncover the deep cellular systems mobilized by Florigen beyond flowering we explored termination of radial expansion of stems. Employing the power of tomato genetics along with RNAseq and histological validations we show that endogenous, mobile, or induced Florigen accelerates secondary cell wall biogenesis (SCWB), and hence vascular maturation, independently of flowering. This finding is supported by a systemic Florigen antagonist from the non-flowering Ginkgo biloba, which arrests SCWB and by MADS and MIF genes downstream of Florigen that similarly suppress or enhance, respectively, vascular maturation independent of flowering. By accelerating SCWB, Florigen reprograms the distribution of resources, signals and mechanical loads required for the ensuing reproductive phase it had originally set into motion.
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Monopodial and sympodial branching architecture in cotton is differentially regulated by the Gossypium hirsutum SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS and SELF-PRUNING orthologs.
The New phytologist, 2016Co-Authors: Roisin C. Mcgarry, Yuval Eshed, Sarah F. Prewitt, Samantha Culpepper, Eliezer Lifschitz, Brian G. AyreAbstract:Summary Domestication of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) converted it from a lanky photoperiodic perennial to a day-neutral annual row-crop. Residual perennial traits, however, complicate irrigation and crop management, and more determinate architectures are desired. Cotton simultaneously maintains robust monopodial indeterminate shoots and sympodial determinate shoots. We questioned if and how the FLOWERING LOCUS T/SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT)-like and TERMINAL FLOWER1/SELF-PRUNING (SP)-like genes control the balance of monopodial and sympodial growth in a woody perennial with complex growth habit. Virus-based manipulation of GhSP and GhSFT expression enabled unprecedented functional analysis of cotton development. GhSP maintains growth in all apices; in its absence, both monopodial and sympodial branch systems terminate precociously. GhSFT encodes a Florigenic signal stimulating rapid onset of sympodial branching and flowering in side shoots of wild photoperiodic and modern day-neutral accessions. High Florigen concentrations did not alter monopodial apices, implying that once a cotton apex is SP-determined, it cannot be reset by Florigen. GhSP is also essential to establish and maintain cambial activity. Dynamic changes in GhSFT and GhSP levels navigate meristems between monopodial and sympodial programs in a single plant. SFT and SP influenced cotton domestication and are ideal targets for further agricultural optimization.
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The flowering hormone Florigen functions as a general systemic regulator of growth and termination
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009Co-Authors: Akiva Shalit, Yuval Eshed, Alexander Rozman, Alexander Goldshmidt, John Paul Alvarez, John L. Bowman, Eliezer LifschitzAbstract:The Florigen paradigm implies a universal flowering-inducing hormone that is common to all flowering plants. Recent work identified FT orthologues as originators of Florigen and their polypeptides as the likely systemic agent. However, the developmental processes targeted by Florigen remained unknown. Here we identify local balances between SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT), the tomato precursor of Florigen, and SELF-PRUNING (SP), a potent SFT-dependent SFT inhibitor as prime targets of mobile Florigen. The graft-transmissible impacts of Florigen on organ-specific traits in perennial tomato show that in addition to import by shoot apical meristems, Florigen is imported by organs in which SFT is already expressed. By modulating local SFT/SP balances, Florigen confers differential flowering responses of primary and secondary apical meristems, regulates the reiterative growth and termination cycles typical of perennial plants, accelerates leaf maturation, and influences the complexity of compound leaves, the growth of stems and the formation of abscission zones. Florigen is thus established as a plant protein functioning as a general growth hormone. Developmental interactions and a phylogenetic analysis suggest that the SFT/SP regulatory hierarchy is a recent evolutionary innovation unique to flowering plants.
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the tomato ft ortholog triggers systemic signals that regulate growth and flowering and substitute for diverse environmental stimuli
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006Co-Authors: Eliezer Lifschitz, Akiva Shalit, Alexander Rozman, Alexander Goldshmidt, John Paul Alvarez, Tamar Eviatar, Ziva Amsellem, Yuval EshedAbstract:The systemic model for floral induction, dubbed Florigen, was conceived in photoperiod-sensitive plants but implies, in its ultimate form, a graft-transmissible signal that, although activated by different stimuli in different flowering systems, is common to all plants. We show that SFT (SINGLE-FLOWER TRUSS), the tomato ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), induces flowering in day-neutral tomato and tobacco plants and is encoded by SFT. sft tomato mutant plants are late-flowering, with altered architecture and flower morphology. SFT-dependent graft-transmissible signals complement all developmental defects in sft plants and substitute for long-day stimuli in Arabidopsis, short-day stimuli in Maryland Mammoth tobacco, and light-dose requirements in tomato uniflora mutant plants. The absence of donor SFT RNA from flowering receptor shoots and the localization of the protein in leaf nuclei implicate Florigen-like messages in tomato as a downstream pathway triggered by cell-autonomous SFT RNA transcripts. Flowering in tomato is synonymous with termination of the shoot apical meristems, and systemic SFT messages attenuate the growth of apical meristems before and independent of floral production. Floral enhancement by systemic SFT signals is therefore one pleiotropic effect of FT orthologs.
Takashi Araki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sodium potassium root defective1 regulates flowering locus t expression via the microrna156 squamosa promoter binding protein like3 module in response to potassium conditions
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Katsuya Negishi, Mitsutomo Abe, Motomu Endo, Takashi ArakiAbstract:To determine flowering time, plants perceive multiple environmental stimuli and integrate these signals in the regulation of a Florigen gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). It has been known that nutrient availability affects flowering time in both laboratories and fields. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the three major macronutrients which are important for plant growth and development. Although N and P stimuli can alter the expression of regulators of FT including microRNA156 (miR156) and miR156-targeted transcription factors of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family, how K+ conditions affect flowering is still unclear. We focused on SODIUM POTASSUIM ROOT DEFECTIVE1 (NaKR1) whose mutant plants showed Na+ and K+ overaccumulation and late flowering. It was reported that NaKR1 is involved in the phloem transport of FT protein. Here we report that NaKR1 is also required for the promotion of FT expression in long-day conditions. NaKR1 affects the accumulation of miR156 and SPL3 expression, suggesting that NaKR1 regulates FT expression in part through the miR156-SPL3 module. The late-flowering phenotype of the nakr1-1 mutant was partially suppressed under low K+ conditions, and miR156 abundance and SPL3 expression in the nakr1-1 mutant and, to a lesser extent, in wild-type plants responded to K+ conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that the miR156-SPL3 module mediates regulation of FT expression by NaKR1 in response to K+ conditions. Finally, we propose a model in which NaKR1 plays dual roles in regulation of flowering, one in the regulation of Florigen production, the other in that of Florigen transport.
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FE, a phloem-specific Myb-related protein, promotes flowering through transcriptional activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T and FLOWERING LOCUS T INTERACTING PROTEIN 1.
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2015Co-Authors: Mitsutomo Abe, Tomoaki Sakamoto, Tetsuya Kurata, Takashi Araki, Ayako Yamaguchi, Hidetaka Kaya, Ayako Watanabe-taneda, Mio Shibuta, Israel Ausin, Carlos Alonso-blancoAbstract:In many flowering plants, the transition to flowering is primarily affected by seasonal changes in day length (photoperiod). An inductive photoperiod promotes flowering via synthesis of a floral stimulus, called Florigen. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein is an essential component of Florigen, which is synthesized in leaf phloem companion cells and is transported through phloem tissue to the shoot apical meristem where floral morphogenesis is initiated. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the long-distance transport of FT protein remains elusive. In this study, we characterized the classic Arabidopsis mutant fe, which is involved in the photoperiodic induction of flowering, and showed that FE encodes a phloem-specific Myb-related protein that was previously reported as ALTERED PHLOEM DEVELOPMENT. Phenotypic analyses of the fe mutant showed that FT expression is reduced in leaf phloem companion cells. In addition, the transport of FT protein from leaves to the shoot apex is impaired in the fe mutant. Expression analyses further demonstrated that FE is also required for transcriptional activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (FTIP1), an essential regulator for selective trafficking of the FT protein from companion cells to sieve elements. These findings indicate that FE plays a dual role in the photoperiodic induction of flowering: as a transcriptional activator of FT on the one hand, and its transport machinery component, FTIP1, on the other hand. Thus, FE is likely to play a role in regulating FT by coordinating FT synthesis and FT transport in phloem companion cells.
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Rapid paper Long-Distance, Graft-Transmissible Action of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T Protein to Promote Flowering
2015Co-Authors: Yasufumi Daimon, Michitaka Notaguchi, Mitsutomo Abe, Takahiro Kimura, Toshinori Kobayashi, Ayako Yamaguchi, Yuki Tomita, Koji Dohi, Masashi Mori, Takashi ArakiAbstract:Day length perceived by a leaf is a major environmental factor that controls the timing of flowering. It has been believed that a mobile, long-distance signal called Florigen is produced in the leaf under inductive day length conditions, and is transported to the shoot apex where it triggers floral morphogenesis. Grafting experiments have shown that flori-gen is transmissible from a donor plant that has been subjected to inductive day length to an uninduced recipient plant. However, the nature of Florigen has long remained elusive. Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is expressed in cotyledons and leaves in response to inductive long days (LDs). FT protein, with a basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD, acts in the shoot apex to induce target meristem identity genes such as APETALA1 (AP1) and initiates floral morphogenesis. Recent studies have provided evidence that the FT protein in Arabidopsis and corresponding proteins in other species are an important part of Florigen. Our work shows that the FT activity, either from overexpressing or inducible transgenes or from the endogen-ous gene, to promote flowering is transmissible through a graft junction, and that an FT protein with a T7 tag is transported from a donor scion to the apical region of recipient stock plants and becomes detectable within a day or two. The sequence and structure of mRNA are not of critical importance for the long-distance action of the FT gene. These observations led to the conclusion that the FT protein, but not mRNA, is the essential component of Florigen
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Florigen is involved in axillary bud development at multiple stages in arabidopsis
Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2013Co-Authors: Masaki Niwa, Motomu Endo, Takashi ArakiAbstract:The wide variety of plant architectures is largely based on diverse and flexible modes of axillary shoot development. In Arabidopsis, floral transition (flowering) stimulates axillary bud development. The mechanism that links flowering and axillary bud development is, however, largely unknown. We recently showed that FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein, which acts as Florigen, promotes the phase transition of axillary meristems, whereas BRANCHED1 (BRC1) antagonizes the Florigen action in axillary buds. Here, we present evidences for another possible role of Florigen in axillary bud development. Ectopic overexpression of FT or another Florigen gene TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) with LEAFY (LFY) induces ectopic buds at cotyledonary axils, confirming the previous proposal that these genes are involved in formation of axillary buds. Taken together with our previous report that Florigen promotes axillary shoot elongation, we propose that Florigen regulates axillary bud development at multiple stages to coordinate it with flowering in Arabidopsis.
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long distance graft transmissible action of arabidopsis flowering locus t protein to promote flowering
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2008Co-Authors: Yasufumi Daimon, Michitaka Notaguchi, Takahiro Kimura, Toshinori Kobayashi, Ayako Yamaguchi, Yuki Tomita, Koji Dohi, Masashi Mori, Takashi ArakiAbstract:Day length perceived by a leaf is a major environmental factor that controls the timing of flowering. It has been believed that a mobile, long-distance signal called Florigen is produced in the leaf under inductive day length conditions, and is transported to the shoot apex where it triggers floral morphogenesis. Grafting experiments have shown that Florigen is transmissible from a donor plant that has been subjected to inductive day length to an uninduced recipient plant. However, the nature of Florigen has long remained elusive. Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT )i s expressed in cotyledons and leaves in response to inductive long days (LDs). FT protein, with a basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD, acts in the shoot apex to induce target meristem identity genes such as APETALA1 (AP1) and initiates floral morphogenesis. Recent studies have provided evidence that the FT protein in Arabidopsis and corresponding proteins in other species are an important part of Florigen. Our work shows that the FT activity, either from overexpressing or inducible transgenes or from the endogenous gene, to promote flowering is transmissible through a graft junction, and that an FT protein with a T7 tag is transported from a donor scion to the apical region of recipient stock plants and becomes detectable within a day or two. The sequence and structure of mRNA are not of critical importance for the long-distance action of the FT gene. These observations led to the conclusion that the FT protein, but not mRNA, is the essential component of Florigen.
Lei Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variation in the flowering gene SELF PRUNING 5G promotes day-neutrality and early yield in tomato
Nature Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Sebastian Soyk, Niels A. Müller, Soon Ju Park, Inga Schmalenbach, Ryosuke Hayama, Joyce Van Eck, Ke Jiang, José M. Jiménez-gómez, Lei Zhang, Zachary B. LippmanAbstract:Plants evolved so that their flowering is triggered by seasonal changes in day length. However, day-length sensitivity in crops limits their geographical range of cultivation, and thus modification of the photoperiod response was critical for their domestication. Here we show that loss of day-length-sensitive flowering in tomato was driven by the Florigen paralog and flowering repressor SELF-PRUNING 5G (SP5G). SP5G expression is induced to high levels during long days in wild species, but not in cultivated tomato because of cis-regulatory variation. CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mutations in SP5G cause rapid flowering and enhance the compact determinate growth habit of field tomatoes, resulting in a quick burst of flower production that translates to an early yield. Our findings suggest that pre-existing variation in SP5G facilitated the expansion of cultivated tomato beyond its origin near the equator in South America, and they provide a compelling demonstration of the power of gene editing to rapidly improve yield traits in crop breeding.
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variation in the flowering gene self pruning 5g promotes day neutrality and early yield in tomato
Nature Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Sebastian Soyk, Niels A. Müller, Soon Ju Park, Inga Schmalenbach, Ryosuke Hayama, Ke Jiang, Lei ZhangAbstract:Zachary Lippman, Jose Jimenez-Gomez and colleagues show that cultivated tomatoes have lost day-length-sensitive flowering, compared to their wild relatives, as a result of cis-regulatory variation affecting expression of SP5G, a paralog of the Florigen gene SFT. They engineered SP5G loss-of-function mutant plants, resulting in rapid flowering and early yield.
Ryosuke Hayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variation in the flowering gene SELF PRUNING 5G promotes day-neutrality and early yield in tomato
Nature Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Sebastian Soyk, Niels A. Müller, Soon Ju Park, Inga Schmalenbach, Ryosuke Hayama, Joyce Van Eck, Ke Jiang, José M. Jiménez-gómez, Lei Zhang, Zachary B. LippmanAbstract:Plants evolved so that their flowering is triggered by seasonal changes in day length. However, day-length sensitivity in crops limits their geographical range of cultivation, and thus modification of the photoperiod response was critical for their domestication. Here we show that loss of day-length-sensitive flowering in tomato was driven by the Florigen paralog and flowering repressor SELF-PRUNING 5G (SP5G). SP5G expression is induced to high levels during long days in wild species, but not in cultivated tomato because of cis-regulatory variation. CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mutations in SP5G cause rapid flowering and enhance the compact determinate growth habit of field tomatoes, resulting in a quick burst of flower production that translates to an early yield. Our findings suggest that pre-existing variation in SP5G facilitated the expansion of cultivated tomato beyond its origin near the equator in South America, and they provide a compelling demonstration of the power of gene editing to rapidly improve yield traits in crop breeding.
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variation in the flowering gene self pruning 5g promotes day neutrality and early yield in tomato
Nature Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Sebastian Soyk, Niels A. Müller, Soon Ju Park, Inga Schmalenbach, Ryosuke Hayama, Ke Jiang, Lei ZhangAbstract:Zachary Lippman, Jose Jimenez-Gomez and colleagues show that cultivated tomatoes have lost day-length-sensitive flowering, compared to their wild relatives, as a result of cis-regulatory variation affecting expression of SP5G, a paralog of the Florigen gene SFT. They engineered SP5G loss-of-function mutant plants, resulting in rapid flowering and early yield.
Niels A. Müller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variation in the flowering gene SELF PRUNING 5G promotes day-neutrality and early yield in tomato
Nature Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Sebastian Soyk, Niels A. Müller, Soon Ju Park, Inga Schmalenbach, Ryosuke Hayama, Joyce Van Eck, Ke Jiang, José M. Jiménez-gómez, Lei Zhang, Zachary B. LippmanAbstract:Plants evolved so that their flowering is triggered by seasonal changes in day length. However, day-length sensitivity in crops limits their geographical range of cultivation, and thus modification of the photoperiod response was critical for their domestication. Here we show that loss of day-length-sensitive flowering in tomato was driven by the Florigen paralog and flowering repressor SELF-PRUNING 5G (SP5G). SP5G expression is induced to high levels during long days in wild species, but not in cultivated tomato because of cis-regulatory variation. CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mutations in SP5G cause rapid flowering and enhance the compact determinate growth habit of field tomatoes, resulting in a quick burst of flower production that translates to an early yield. Our findings suggest that pre-existing variation in SP5G facilitated the expansion of cultivated tomato beyond its origin near the equator in South America, and they provide a compelling demonstration of the power of gene editing to rapidly improve yield traits in crop breeding.
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variation in the flowering gene self pruning 5g promotes day neutrality and early yield in tomato
Nature Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Sebastian Soyk, Niels A. Müller, Soon Ju Park, Inga Schmalenbach, Ryosuke Hayama, Ke Jiang, Lei ZhangAbstract:Zachary Lippman, Jose Jimenez-Gomez and colleagues show that cultivated tomatoes have lost day-length-sensitive flowering, compared to their wild relatives, as a result of cis-regulatory variation affecting expression of SP5G, a paralog of the Florigen gene SFT. They engineered SP5G loss-of-function mutant plants, resulting in rapid flowering and early yield.