The Experts below are selected from a list of 41007 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gideon Lack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food Allergy.
Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2018Co-Authors: Harald Renz, Gideon Lack, Hugh A. Sampson, Kirsten Beyer, Scott H. Sicherer, Katrina J. Allen, Hans C OettgenAbstract:Food allergies manifest in a variety of clinical conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, skin and lungs, with the most dramatic and sometimes fatal manifestation being anaphylactic shock. Major progress has been made in basic, translational and clinical research, leading to a better understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms that lead to the breakdown of clinical and immunological tolerance against Food antigens, which can result in either immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions or non-IgE-mediated reactions. Lifestyle factors, dietary habits and maternal-neonatal interactions play a pivotal part in triggering the onset of Food allergies, including qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota. These factors seem to have the greatest influence early in life, an observation that has led to the generation of hypotheses to explain the Food Allergy epidemic, including the dual-allergen exposure hypothesis. These hypotheses have fuelled research in preventive strategies that seek to establish desensitization to allergens and/or tolerance to allergens in affected individuals. Allergen-nonspecific therapeutic strategies have also been investigated in a number of clinical trials, which will eventually improve the treatment options for patients with Food Allergy.
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Food Allergy and the gut
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2016Co-Authors: Anna Nowak-wegrzyn, Hania Szajewska, Gideon LackAbstract:Food Allergy develops as a consequence of a failure in oral tolerance, which is a default immune response by the gut-associated lymphoid tissues to ingested antigens that is modified by the gut microbiota. Food Allergy is classified on the basis of the involvement of IgE antibodies in allergic pathophysiology, either as classic IgE, mixed pathophysiology or non-IgE-mediated Food Allergy. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Food Allergy include emesis, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dysphagia, Food impaction, protein-losing enteropathy and failure to thrive. Childhood Food Allergy has a generally favourable prognosis, whereas natural history in adults is not as well known. Elimination of the offending Foods from the diet is the current standard of care; however, future therapies focus on gradual reintroduction of Foods via oral, sublingual or epicutaneous Food immunotherapy. Vaccines, modified hypoallergenic Foods and modification of the gut microbiota represent additional approaches to treatment of Food Allergy.
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EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines. Primary prevention of Food Allergy
Allergy, 2014Co-Authors: Antonella Muraro, Kirsten Beyer, Anthony E J Dubois, Susanne Halken, Syed Hasan Arshad, G. Du Toit, Philippe Eigenmann, Kate Grimshaw, Arne Hoest, Gideon LackAbstract:Food Allergy can have significant effects on morbidity and quality of life and can be costly in terms of medical visits and treatments. There is therefore considerable interest in generating efficient approaches that may reduce the risk of developing Food Allergy. This guideline has been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Taskforce on Prevention and is part of the EAACI Guidelines for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis. It aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for primary prevention of Food Allergy. A wide range of antenatal, perinatal, neonatal, and childhood strategies were identified and their effectiveness assessed and synthesized in a systematic review. Based on this evidence, families can be provided with evidence-based advice about preventing Food Allergy, particularly for infants at high risk for development of allergic disease. The advice for all mothers includes a normal diet without restrictions during pregnancy and lactation. For all infants, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for at least first 4-6 months of life. If breastfeeding is insufficient or not possible, infants at high-risk can be recommended a hypoallergenic formula with a documented preventive effect for the first 4 months. There is no need to avoid introducing complementary Foods beyond 4 months, and currently, the evidence does not justify recommendations about either withholding or encouraging exposure to potentially allergenic Foods after 4 months once weaning has commenced, irrespective of atopic heredity. There is no evidence to support the use of prebiotics or probiotics for Food Allergy prevention.
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Epidemiologic risks for Food Allergy
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Gideon LackAbstract:This article reviews possible risk factors and theories for the development of Food Allergy. It is noted that previous strategies to prevent Food Allergy through allergen avoidance during pregnancy, breast-feeding, and infancy have more recently been called into question. Alternative hypotheses are examined with respect to Food Allergy, namely the hygiene hypothesis, the dietary fat hypothesis, the antioxidant hypothesis, and the vitamin D hypotheses. An alternative hypothesis is proposed, suggesting that sensitization to allergen occurs through environmental exposure to allergen through the skin and that consumption of Food allergen induces oral tolerance. This hypothesis provides a possible explanation for the close link between eczema and the development of Food allergies. It also suggests novel interventional strategies to prevent the development of Food allergies.
Anna Nowak-wegrzyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food Allergy and the gut
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2016Co-Authors: Anna Nowak-wegrzyn, Hania Szajewska, Gideon LackAbstract:Food Allergy develops as a consequence of a failure in oral tolerance, which is a default immune response by the gut-associated lymphoid tissues to ingested antigens that is modified by the gut microbiota. Food Allergy is classified on the basis of the involvement of IgE antibodies in allergic pathophysiology, either as classic IgE, mixed pathophysiology or non-IgE-mediated Food Allergy. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Food Allergy include emesis, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dysphagia, Food impaction, protein-losing enteropathy and failure to thrive. Childhood Food Allergy has a generally favourable prognosis, whereas natural history in adults is not as well known. Elimination of the offending Foods from the diet is the current standard of care; however, future therapies focus on gradual reintroduction of Foods via oral, sublingual or epicutaneous Food immunotherapy. Vaccines, modified hypoallergenic Foods and modification of the gut microbiota represent additional approaches to treatment of Food Allergy.
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Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.
Inflammation & allergy drug targets, 2006Co-Authors: Anna Nowak-wegrzynAbstract:The past two decades have witnessed an increase in prevalence of Food Allergy that has been matched with a tremendous progress in research that has led to better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and development of novel therapies for Food Allergy. Establishment of murine models of peanut and cow's milk Allergy has been extremely useful in investigating Food Allergy treatments. Diverse strategies for prevention and treatment of established Food Allergy are being evaluated. Anti-IgE antibody therapy, Chinese herbal medicines, and killed bacteria expressing modified major peanut allergens represent the most promising approaches that will lead to development of therapy for patients for whom no effective treatment is currently available.
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Food Allergy therapy.
Immunology and allergy clinics of North America, 2004Co-Authors: Anna Nowak-wegrzyn, Hugh A. SampsonAbstract:Novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of IgE-mediated Food Allergy include anti-IgE, Food Allergy vaccines, herbal preparations, and probiotics. They bring real hope to the patients for whom no specific therapy is available. These immunomodulatory therapies have to be evaluated carefully for potential side effects, such as overstimulation of T helper cell type 1 immune antibodies. Animal models of Food Allergy are invaluable in testing new therapies for Food Allergy.
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Future approaches to Food Allergy.
Pediatrics, 2003Co-Authors: Anna Nowak-wegrzynAbstract:Food Allergy affects ∼2% of the general US population, and its prevalence seems to be increasing. Despite the potential for a fatal outcome, no definitive therapies are available for Food Allergy. This article reviews novel approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of Food Allergy. Improved diagnostic methods include more precise in vitro and in vivo tests for immunoglobulin E-mediated Food allergies, in vitro assays for predicting development of oral tolerance, and novel noninvasive tests for cell-mediated Food allergies such as patch testing, cytokine assays, and detection of eosinophil activation markers. Several promising novel immunomodulatory approaches to Food Allergy are discussed, including monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E; probiotics; traditional Chinese medicine; and immunotherapy with modified Food proteins, peptides, bacterial adjuvants, and immunostimulatory sequences.
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Future approaches to Food Allergy.
Pediatrics, 2003Co-Authors: Anna Nowak-wegrzynAbstract:Food Allergy affects approximately 2% of the general US population, and its prevalence seems to be increasing. Despite the potential for a fatal outcome, no definitive therapies are available for Food Allergy. This article reviews novel approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of Food Allergy. Improved diagnostic methods include more precise in vitro and in vivo tests for immunoglobulin E-mediated Food allergies, in vitro assays for predicting development of oral tolerance, and novel noninvasive tests for cell-mediated Food allergies such as patch testing, cytokine assays, and detection of eosinophil activation markers. Several promising novel immunomodulatory approaches to Food Allergy are discussed, including monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E; probiotics; traditional Chinese medicine; and immunotherapy with modified Food proteins, peptides, bacterial adjuvants, and immunostimulatory sequences.
Antonella Muraro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biomarkers in Food Allergy.
Current allergy and asthma reports, 2018Co-Authors: Antonella Muraro, Stefania ArasiAbstract:To familiarize the reader with the concept of precision medicine in Food Allergy by dealing with the current biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the disease. Many efforts have been devoted in order to characterize reliable biomarkers able to identify specific phenotypes and endotypes in Food Allergy. Specific IgE (sIgE), sIgE/total IgE ratios, and T cell assays are just a few candidates that have been investigated over time. With the advent of omics sciences, a new era is commencing. A better understanding of pathogenesis of Food Allergy and mechanisms of action of the different therapeutic options will allow the accurate selection of the appropriate patient. In the near future, advances in technologies and data interpretation will allow a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Food Allergy and the identification of proper biomarkers for a personalized treatment tailored on the specific patient’s profile.
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eaaci Food Allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines diagnosis and management of Food Allergy
Allergy, 2014Co-Authors: Antonella Muraro, T Werfel, Karin Hoffmannsommergruber, Graham Roberts, Kirsten Beyer, Carsten Bindslevjensen, Victoria Cardona, Anthony E J DuboisAbstract:Food Allergy can result in considerable morbidity, impact negatively on quality of life, and prove costly in terms of medical care. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Guidelines for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Group, building on previous EAACI position papers on adverse reaction to Foods and three recent systematic reviews on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Food Allergy, and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Food Allergy. While the primary audience is allergists, this document is relevant for all other healthcare professionals, including primary care physicians, and pediatric and adult specialists, dieticians, pharmacists and paramedics. Our current understanding of the manifestations of Food Allergy, the role of diagnostic tests, and the effective management of patients of all ages with Food Allergy is presented. The acute management of non-life-threatening reactions is covered in these guidelines, but for guidance on the emergency management of anaphylaxis, readers are referred to the related EAACI Anaphylaxis Guidelines.
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EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines. Primary prevention of Food Allergy
Allergy, 2014Co-Authors: Antonella Muraro, Kirsten Beyer, Anthony E J Dubois, Susanne Halken, Syed Hasan Arshad, G. Du Toit, Philippe Eigenmann, Kate Grimshaw, Arne Hoest, Gideon LackAbstract:Food Allergy can have significant effects on morbidity and quality of life and can be costly in terms of medical visits and treatments. There is therefore considerable interest in generating efficient approaches that may reduce the risk of developing Food Allergy. This guideline has been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Taskforce on Prevention and is part of the EAACI Guidelines for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis. It aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for primary prevention of Food Allergy. A wide range of antenatal, perinatal, neonatal, and childhood strategies were identified and their effectiveness assessed and synthesized in a systematic review. Based on this evidence, families can be provided with evidence-based advice about preventing Food Allergy, particularly for infants at high risk for development of allergic disease. The advice for all mothers includes a normal diet without restrictions during pregnancy and lactation. For all infants, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for at least first 4-6 months of life. If breastfeeding is insufficient or not possible, infants at high-risk can be recommended a hypoallergenic formula with a documented preventive effect for the first 4 months. There is no need to avoid introducing complementary Foods beyond 4 months, and currently, the evidence does not justify recommendations about either withholding or encouraging exposure to potentially allergenic Foods after 4 months once weaning has commenced, irrespective of atopic heredity. There is no evidence to support the use of prebiotics or probiotics for Food Allergy prevention.
A. W. Burks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food Allergy: Present and Future Management
World Allergy Organization Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Ananth Thyagarajan, A. W. BurksAbstract:Food Allergy poses a significant burden on patients, families, health care providers, and the medical system. The increased prevalence of Food Allergy has brought about investigation as to its cause and new treatments. Currently, the only treatment available is to avoid the Food and symptomatically treat any reactions. There are multiple clinical and murine models of Food Allergy treatment that use allergen specific and nonspecific pathways. Allergen specific treatments use mucosal antigen exposure as a method of inducing desensitization and tolerance. Allergen nonspecific methods act via a more global T_H2 suppressive mechanism and may be useful for those patients with multiple Food allergies.
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Food Allergy and asthma.
Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group, 2009Co-Authors: J. Andrew Bird, A. W. BurksAbstract:Food Allergy and asthma commonly co-exist in the same patient with approximately one-third of children with Food Allergy having asthma. When both atopic conditions are present a Food allergic patient is placed at greater risk of having a fatal reaction from Food allergen exposure. For this reason asthma should be diligently managed in a Food allergic patient and these patients should be carefully instructed on allergen avoidance and the proper use of self-injectable epinephrine. This review summarises the available literature regarding patients with both Food Allergy and asthma specifically looking at disease prevalence, IgE-mediated effects on the lower respiratory tract secondary to Foods, the interplay of Food additives and asthma, and Food Allergy as a risk factor for asthma morbidity with practical applications for clinicians.
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Oral immunotherapy for Food Allergy
Current allergy and asthma reports, 2009Co-Authors: Amy M. Scurlock, A. W. Burks, Stacie M. JonesAbstract:Food Allergy is an increasingly prevalent disorder with potentially life-threatening complications that requires life-altering changes in dietary habits and psychosocial interactions. The standard of care presently includes strict dietary elimination of the implicated allergen and ready access to injectable epinephrine; however, no active, definitive therapeutic options exist for Food-allergic patients. Although the detailed immunologic mechanisms underlying the development of Food Allergy are still being fully defined, Food Allergy appears to be the direct result of a breakdown in oral tolerance. Thus, current therapeutic approaches to Food Allergy are focused on modulating the immunologic response to Food proteins to promote induction of oral tolerance. In this review, we examine gastrointestinal mucosal immunity and the mechanisms of oral tolerance, as well as the breakdown in oral tolerance that promotes Food Allergy, and we also explore novel therapeutic interventions for treatment of Food Allergy.
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Mechanisms of Food Allergy
Current opinion in immunology, 2000Co-Authors: Ricki M. Helm, A. W. BurksAbstract:Our understanding of Food Allergy has made tremendous strides recently. With now-relatively uniform definitions of the clinical presentations of Food Allergy, the scientific literature is more discernible. In this progress, we have come to understand that the prevalence of Food Allergy is up to 8% in children and 2% in adults. Additionally, these studies have shown the role of specific allergens and mediators in the immunopathogenesis of Food Allergy. Much of the information available still relates to immunoglobulin & mediated Food reactions, although other immunologic mechanisms are being studied extensively. The diagnosis and treatment of Food Allergy is now much more standardized. Longterm studies have shown the natural history of many of these reactions.
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Mechanisms of Food Allergy.
Annual review of nutrition, 1996Co-Authors: Hugh A. Sampson, A. W. BurksAbstract:Our understanding of Food Allergy has made tremendous strides recently. With now-relatively uniform definitions of the clinical presentations of Food Allergy, the scientific literature is more discernible. In this progress, we have come to understand that the prevalence of Food Allergy is up to 8% in children and 2% in adults. Additionally, these studies have shown the role of specific allergens and mediators in the immunopathogenesis of Food Allergy. Much of the information available still relates to immunoglobulin E-mediated Food reactions, although other immunologic mechanisms are being studied extensively. The diagnosis and treatment of Food Allergy is now much more standardized. Long-term studies have shown the natural history of many of these reactions.
Kirsten Beyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food Allergy.
Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2018Co-Authors: Harald Renz, Gideon Lack, Hugh A. Sampson, Kirsten Beyer, Scott H. Sicherer, Katrina J. Allen, Hans C OettgenAbstract:Food allergies manifest in a variety of clinical conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, skin and lungs, with the most dramatic and sometimes fatal manifestation being anaphylactic shock. Major progress has been made in basic, translational and clinical research, leading to a better understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms that lead to the breakdown of clinical and immunological tolerance against Food antigens, which can result in either immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions or non-IgE-mediated reactions. Lifestyle factors, dietary habits and maternal-neonatal interactions play a pivotal part in triggering the onset of Food allergies, including qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota. These factors seem to have the greatest influence early in life, an observation that has led to the generation of hypotheses to explain the Food Allergy epidemic, including the dual-allergen exposure hypothesis. These hypotheses have fuelled research in preventive strategies that seek to establish desensitization to allergens and/or tolerance to allergens in affected individuals. Allergen-nonspecific therapeutic strategies have also been investigated in a number of clinical trials, which will eventually improve the treatment options for patients with Food Allergy.
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Modifying the infant's diet to prevent Food Allergy
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2017Co-Authors: Kate Grimshaw, Kirsten Beyer, Kirsty Logan, Sinead O'donovan, Mairead Kiely, Karine Adel-patient, Jolanda Van Bilsen, Dianne E. Campbell, Vanessa Garcia-larsen, Linus GrabenhenrichAbstract:Recommendations and guidelines on the prevention of Food Allergy have changed in recent decades. The aim of this review of the current evidence and ongoing studies is to provide a comprehensive and up to date picture of prevention of Food Allergy for healthcare professionals. The review was undertaken as part of the European Union funded Integrated Approaches to Food Allergy and Allergen Management (iFAAM) study. This is a wide ranging project bringing together expertise across the breadth of Food Allergy research. Specifically, the review discusses dietary manipulation in Food Allergy prevention, and covers the possible preventive strategies of allergen avoidance, early allergen introduction, general nutrition and supplements, as well as other strategies, such as prebiotics and probiotics. The review concludes that despite agreement that allergen avoidance strategies should not be undertaken for Allergy prevention, there is currently no consensus regarding what actions should be recommended beyond exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months of life. Recent and upcoming trial results, which are detailed in this review, should help inform the debate and add clarity to the topic.
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eaaci Food Allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines diagnosis and management of Food Allergy
Allergy, 2014Co-Authors: Antonella Muraro, T Werfel, Karin Hoffmannsommergruber, Graham Roberts, Kirsten Beyer, Carsten Bindslevjensen, Victoria Cardona, Anthony E J DuboisAbstract:Food Allergy can result in considerable morbidity, impact negatively on quality of life, and prove costly in terms of medical care. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Guidelines for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Group, building on previous EAACI position papers on adverse reaction to Foods and three recent systematic reviews on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Food Allergy, and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Food Allergy. While the primary audience is allergists, this document is relevant for all other healthcare professionals, including primary care physicians, and pediatric and adult specialists, dieticians, pharmacists and paramedics. Our current understanding of the manifestations of Food Allergy, the role of diagnostic tests, and the effective management of patients of all ages with Food Allergy is presented. The acute management of non-life-threatening reactions is covered in these guidelines, but for guidance on the emergency management of anaphylaxis, readers are referred to the related EAACI Anaphylaxis Guidelines.
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EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines. Primary prevention of Food Allergy
Allergy, 2014Co-Authors: Antonella Muraro, Kirsten Beyer, Anthony E J Dubois, Susanne Halken, Syed Hasan Arshad, G. Du Toit, Philippe Eigenmann, Kate Grimshaw, Arne Hoest, Gideon LackAbstract:Food Allergy can have significant effects on morbidity and quality of life and can be costly in terms of medical visits and treatments. There is therefore considerable interest in generating efficient approaches that may reduce the risk of developing Food Allergy. This guideline has been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Taskforce on Prevention and is part of the EAACI Guidelines for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis. It aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for primary prevention of Food Allergy. A wide range of antenatal, perinatal, neonatal, and childhood strategies were identified and their effectiveness assessed and synthesized in a systematic review. Based on this evidence, families can be provided with evidence-based advice about preventing Food Allergy, particularly for infants at high risk for development of allergic disease. The advice for all mothers includes a normal diet without restrictions during pregnancy and lactation. For all infants, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for at least first 4-6 months of life. If breastfeeding is insufficient or not possible, infants at high-risk can be recommended a hypoallergenic formula with a documented preventive effect for the first 4 months. There is no need to avoid introducing complementary Foods beyond 4 months, and currently, the evidence does not justify recommendations about either withholding or encouraging exposure to potentially allergenic Foods after 4 months once weaning has commenced, irrespective of atopic heredity. There is no evidence to support the use of prebiotics or probiotics for Food Allergy prevention.
