The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J H Tumlinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoid microplitis croceipes hymenoptera braconidae role of host and plant related volatiles
Journal of Insect Behavior, 1997Co-Authors: U S R Rose, W. J. Lewis, Hans T Alborn, G Makranczy, J H TumlinsonAbstract:The specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson can parasitize only noctuid larvae in the genera Helicoverpa and Heliothis. To be successful in their search for hosts, the ability to distinguish hosts from nonhosts feeding on the same plant is beneficial. In flight tunnel experiments, we found that prior to landing on the odor source M. croceipes were able to distinguish volatiles released from Frass of host larvae (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and nonhost larvae (Spodoptera exigua Hubner and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) fed on cotton. However, an initial contact experience with Frass of cotton-fed host larvae appeared to be critical for this ability. Wasps that had antennated Frass of host larvae fed pinto bean diet were equally attracted to Frass of host and nonhost larvae fed on pinto bean diet. In short-range walking experiments, wasps located cotton-fed host larvae faster than diet-fed larvae, regardless of their experience. Wasps that had antennated Frass of cotton-fed host larvae were less attracted to cotton-fed nonhost larvae, compared to host larvae, and preferred to sting host larvae. Plant-related volatiles in host Frass and larvae appear to play a major role in the successful location of host larvae.
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Host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoidMicroplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Role of host- and plant-related volatiles
Journal of Insect Behavior, 1997Co-Authors: U S R Rose, W. J. Lewis, Hans T Alborn, G Makranczy, J H TumlinsonAbstract:The specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson can parasitize only noctuid larvae in the genera Helicoverpa and Heliothis . To be successful in their search for hosts, the ability to distinguish hosts from nonhosts feeding on the same plant is beneficial. In flight tunnel experiments, we found that prior to landing on the odor source M. croceipes were able to distinguish volatiles released from Frass of host larvae (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and nonhost larvae ( Spodoptera exigua Hübner and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) fed on cotton. However, an initial contact experience with Frass of cotton-fed host larvae appeared to be critical for this ability. Wasps that had antennated Frass of host larvae fed pinto bean diet were equally attracted to Frass of host and nonhost larvae fed on pinto bean diet. In short-range walking experiments, wasps located cotton-fed host larvae faster than diet-fed larvae, regardless of their experience. Wasps that had antennated Frass of cotton-fed host larvae were less attracted to cotton-fed nonhost larvae, compared to host larvae, and preferred to sting host larvae. Plant-related volatiles in host Frass and larvae appear to play a major role in the successful location of host larvae.
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Host-specific recognition kairomone for the parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson).
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1995Co-Authors: Hans T Alborn, W. J. Lewis, J H TumlinsonAbstract:A water-extractable host recognition kairomone in Frass of corn earworm,Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), host larvae stimulates antennation by females of the parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). In addition, when the wasps contact water extracts of host Frass they will subsequently fly in a flight tunnel to odor associated with the extract. Contact with water extracts of cowpea leaves or with water extracts of Frass from larvae of nonhost beet armyworm, fall armyworm, or cabbage looper that were fed cowpea leaves does not stimulate antennation, nor do wasps fly to associated odors after contact with these substances. However, contact with the water extract of host Frass in association with hexane extract of cowpea-fed nonhost Frass will induce the wasps to subsequently fly to the hexane extract of the nonhost Frass when it is used as an odor source in a flight tunnel. Thus the host-specific kairomone by whichM. croceipes recognizes the Frass of its host is extractable with water. This substance plays a crucial role in the foraging behavior of this parasitoid by allowing it to recognize host Frass and to learn to search for odors originating from plants on which the host is feeding.
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host specific recognition kairomone for the parasitoid microplitis croceipes cresson
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1995Co-Authors: Hans T Alborn, W. J. Lewis, J H TumlinsonAbstract:A water-extractable host recognition kairomone in Frass of corn earworm,Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), host larvae stimulates antennation by females of the parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). In addition, when the wasps contact water extracts of host Frass they will subsequently fly in a flight tunnel to odor associated with the extract. Contact with water extracts of cowpea leaves or with water extracts of Frass from larvae of nonhost beet armyworm, fall armyworm, or cabbage looper that were fed cowpea leaves does not stimulate antennation, nor do wasps fly to associated odors after contact with these substances. However, contact with the water extract of host Frass in association with hexane extract of cowpea-fed nonhost Frass will induce the wasps to subsequently fly to the hexane extract of the nonhost Frass when it is used as an odor source in a flight tunnel. Thus the host-specific kairomone by whichM. croceipes recognizes the Frass of its host is extractable with water. This substance plays a crucial role in the foraging behavior of this parasitoid by allowing it to recognize host Frass and to learn to search for odors originating from plants on which the host is feeding.
Ian P. Lewkowich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early immunological response to german cockroach Frass exposure induces a th2 th17 environment
Journal of Innate Immunity, 2011Co-Authors: Kristen Page, John R. Ledford, Ping Zhou, Scottie B. Day, Riad Lutfi, Krista Dienger, Ian P. LewkowichAbstract:Cockroach exposure is a major risk factor for the development of asthma; however, the early immune events induced by cockroach leading to the Th2 response are not fully understood. Exposure of naive mice to German cockroach (GC) feces (Frass) was sufficient to induce dendritic cell (DC) recruiting and activating chemokines C-C motif ligand 20, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α into the airways. This corresponded with an increase in myeloid DCs (mDCs) in the airways as well as increased expression of CD80 and CD86 on the mDCs. Plasmacytoid DCs in the lung were unchanged. Levels of IL-5, IL-17A and IL-6 cytokines in whole lung cultures were significantly increased 18 h following GC Frass exposure demonstrating the early development of a mixed Th2/Th17 response. In addition, GC Frass stimulated the production of IL-23, IL-6 and IL-12p70 from bone marrow-derived mDCs. Adoptive transfer of GC Frass-pulsed mDCs induced airway reactivity, airway inflammation as well as eosinophilia and induced a strong Th2/Th17 response in the lung. MyD88-deficient bone marrow-derived mDCs did not respond to GC Frass treatment, suggesting a functional Toll-like receptor pathway was important to induce the Th2/Th17 response. Together, our data show that GC Frass activated the innate immune response to augment DC recruitment and activation of mDCs which promoted robust T cell-skewing cytokines and ultimately drive the development of airway inflammation.
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Early Immunological Response to German Cockroach Frass Exposure Induces a Th2/Th17 Environment
Journal of innate immunity, 2010Co-Authors: Kristen Page, John R. Ledford, Ping Zhou, Scottie B. Day, Riad Lutfi, Krista Dienger, Ian P. LewkowichAbstract:Cockroach exposure is a major risk factor for the development of asthma; however, the early immune events induced by cockroach leading to the Th2 response are not fully understood. Exposure of naive mice to German cockroach (GC) feces (Frass) was sufficient to induce dendritic cell (DC) recruiting and activating chemokines C-C motif ligand 20, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α into the airways. This corresponded with an increase in myeloid DCs (mDCs) in the airways as well as increased expression of CD80 and CD86 on the mDCs. Plasmacytoid DCs in the lung were unchanged. Levels of IL-5, IL-17A and IL-6 cytokines in whole lung cultures were significantly increased 18 h following GC Frass exposure demonstrating the early development of a mixed Th2/Th17 response. In addition, GC Frass stimulated the production of IL-23, IL-6 and IL-12p70 from bone marrow-derived mDCs. Adoptive transfer of GC Frass-pulsed mDCs induced airway reactivity, airway inflammation as well as eosinophilia and induced a strong Th2/Th17 response in the lung. MyD88-deficient bone marrow-derived mDCs did not respond to GC Frass treatment, suggesting a functional Toll-like receptor pathway was important to induce the Th2/Th17 response. Together, our data show that GC Frass activated the innate immune response to augment DC recruitment and activation of mDCs which promoted robust T cell-skewing cytokines and ultimately drive the development of airway inflammation.
Hugh T. W. Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluating the potential of okara-derived black soldier fly larval Frass as a soil amendment.
Journal of environmental management, 2021Co-Authors: Zhongyu Chiam, Shuang Song, Jonathan Koon Ngee Tan, Srishti Arora, Jonathan T.e. Lee, Yen Wah Tong, Hugh T. W. TanAbstract:Abstract Bioconversion of organic waste by the black soldier fly (BSF) larva yields a by-product commonly known as ‘Frass’. Although BSF larval Frass has often been marketed as a biofertilizer, few studies have evaluated this claim. In this study, BSF larvae reared on a pure okara diet achieved an 85% waste reduction in the fresh weight of the okara. Subsequently, the Frass was mixed with soil at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30% (vol/vol), and used to cultivate lettuce plants. At 10% concentration, the lettuce plants had biomasses comparable to those of the controls. Higher Frass concentrations stunted the growth of the lettuce, likely because of the low C:N ratio of larval Frass resulting from the rapid mineralization of nutrients. Larval Frass was also found to be able to provide sufficient nutrients for lettuce growth as fertilizer application was only necessary after the first growth cycle, suggesting its suitability as a soil amendment. Analyses of the microbial community of all the growing media showed that the growth medium treatments with BSF larval Frass tended to have a lower number of microbial species than the controls. Inherently higher micronutrient levels present in the Frass resulted in the growth of lettuce plants. More importantly, the microbial analysis revealed that common foodborne pathogens were absent in the BSF larval Frass and elemental analysis also indicated no heavy metal pollutants present. Overall, BSF larval Frass was found to be a suitable soil amendment and more in-depth studies could facilitate its sensible use in agriculture.
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Upcycling food waste using black soldier fly larvae: Effects of further composting on Frass quality, fertilising effect and its global warming potential
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021Co-Authors: Shuang Song, Jonathan Koon Ngee Tan, Jia Chin Cheong, Zhongyu Chiam, Srishti Arora, Weng Ngai Lam, Hugh T. W. TanAbstract:Abstract Using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens [L.], Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae (BSFL) to upcycle urban solid waste into a growing medium for vegetable cultivation is a potential solution to ease cities’ over-reliance on food imports and excessive waste generation. However, rapid composting by BSFL may be insufficient to remove phytotoxins from the waste and further composting may be necessary. Through a growth experiment on pak choi (Brassica rapa), this study evaluated the optimum performance of BSFL Frass at three composting stages (freshly produced, composted with forced aeration and naturally composted in larval rearing chambers) in biochar-based substrate cultivation. Plants cultivated in the composted BSFL Frass treatments grew larger than those in fresh Frass, with 10% naturally composted BSFL Frass (v/v) producing the most biomass among all treatments. A seed germination test suggested the presence of phytotoxins in the fresh Frass and Frass Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the fresh Frass potentially had the highest phenol concentration. In terms of greenhouse gas emission, a life cycle analysis showed that all three types of Frass had a lower global warming potential compared to incineration, with the fresh Frass having the lowest emission, the Frass composted using forced aeration having the second lowest and the naturally composted Frass, the highest emission. Therefore, further composting of BSFL Frass with forced aeration would be the most feasible method considering both its compost quality and environmental impact.
Hans T Alborn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoid microplitis croceipes hymenoptera braconidae role of host and plant related volatiles
Journal of Insect Behavior, 1997Co-Authors: U S R Rose, W. J. Lewis, Hans T Alborn, G Makranczy, J H TumlinsonAbstract:The specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson can parasitize only noctuid larvae in the genera Helicoverpa and Heliothis. To be successful in their search for hosts, the ability to distinguish hosts from nonhosts feeding on the same plant is beneficial. In flight tunnel experiments, we found that prior to landing on the odor source M. croceipes were able to distinguish volatiles released from Frass of host larvae (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and nonhost larvae (Spodoptera exigua Hubner and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) fed on cotton. However, an initial contact experience with Frass of cotton-fed host larvae appeared to be critical for this ability. Wasps that had antennated Frass of host larvae fed pinto bean diet were equally attracted to Frass of host and nonhost larvae fed on pinto bean diet. In short-range walking experiments, wasps located cotton-fed host larvae faster than diet-fed larvae, regardless of their experience. Wasps that had antennated Frass of cotton-fed host larvae were less attracted to cotton-fed nonhost larvae, compared to host larvae, and preferred to sting host larvae. Plant-related volatiles in host Frass and larvae appear to play a major role in the successful location of host larvae.
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Host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoidMicroplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Role of host- and plant-related volatiles
Journal of Insect Behavior, 1997Co-Authors: U S R Rose, W. J. Lewis, Hans T Alborn, G Makranczy, J H TumlinsonAbstract:The specialist parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson can parasitize only noctuid larvae in the genera Helicoverpa and Heliothis . To be successful in their search for hosts, the ability to distinguish hosts from nonhosts feeding on the same plant is beneficial. In flight tunnel experiments, we found that prior to landing on the odor source M. croceipes were able to distinguish volatiles released from Frass of host larvae (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and nonhost larvae ( Spodoptera exigua Hübner and Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) fed on cotton. However, an initial contact experience with Frass of cotton-fed host larvae appeared to be critical for this ability. Wasps that had antennated Frass of host larvae fed pinto bean diet were equally attracted to Frass of host and nonhost larvae fed on pinto bean diet. In short-range walking experiments, wasps located cotton-fed host larvae faster than diet-fed larvae, regardless of their experience. Wasps that had antennated Frass of cotton-fed host larvae were less attracted to cotton-fed nonhost larvae, compared to host larvae, and preferred to sting host larvae. Plant-related volatiles in host Frass and larvae appear to play a major role in the successful location of host larvae.
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Host-specific recognition kairomone for the parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson).
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1995Co-Authors: Hans T Alborn, W. J. Lewis, J H TumlinsonAbstract:A water-extractable host recognition kairomone in Frass of corn earworm,Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), host larvae stimulates antennation by females of the parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). In addition, when the wasps contact water extracts of host Frass they will subsequently fly in a flight tunnel to odor associated with the extract. Contact with water extracts of cowpea leaves or with water extracts of Frass from larvae of nonhost beet armyworm, fall armyworm, or cabbage looper that were fed cowpea leaves does not stimulate antennation, nor do wasps fly to associated odors after contact with these substances. However, contact with the water extract of host Frass in association with hexane extract of cowpea-fed nonhost Frass will induce the wasps to subsequently fly to the hexane extract of the nonhost Frass when it is used as an odor source in a flight tunnel. Thus the host-specific kairomone by whichM. croceipes recognizes the Frass of its host is extractable with water. This substance plays a crucial role in the foraging behavior of this parasitoid by allowing it to recognize host Frass and to learn to search for odors originating from plants on which the host is feeding.
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host specific recognition kairomone for the parasitoid microplitis croceipes cresson
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1995Co-Authors: Hans T Alborn, W. J. Lewis, J H TumlinsonAbstract:A water-extractable host recognition kairomone in Frass of corn earworm,Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), host larvae stimulates antennation by females of the parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). In addition, when the wasps contact water extracts of host Frass they will subsequently fly in a flight tunnel to odor associated with the extract. Contact with water extracts of cowpea leaves or with water extracts of Frass from larvae of nonhost beet armyworm, fall armyworm, or cabbage looper that were fed cowpea leaves does not stimulate antennation, nor do wasps fly to associated odors after contact with these substances. However, contact with the water extract of host Frass in association with hexane extract of cowpea-fed nonhost Frass will induce the wasps to subsequently fly to the hexane extract of the nonhost Frass when it is used as an odor source in a flight tunnel. Thus the host-specific kairomone by whichM. croceipes recognizes the Frass of its host is extractable with water. This substance plays a crucial role in the foraging behavior of this parasitoid by allowing it to recognize host Frass and to learn to search for odors originating from plants on which the host is feeding.
Julio S Bernal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attraction of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris to host (Spodoptera frugiperda) Frass is affected by transgenic maize
Ecotoxicology, 2010Co-Authors: Nicolas Desneux, Ricardo Ramírez-romero, Aimé H. Bokonon-ganta, Julio S BernalAbstract:We assessed in the laboratory the attraction of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) toward odors emitted by conventional maize ( Zea mays L. ssp. mays ) and Bt ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) maize seedlings following actual or simulated injury by Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), the parasitoid’s host, and emitted by the host’s Frass, produced following consumption of conventional or Bt maize seedlings. Females of C. marginiventris exhibited similarly strong responses to conventional and Bt maize seedlings injured by the host or with simulated injury, and these were stronger than responses to clean air. In contrast, the responses of C. marginiventris females were consistently weaker toward host Frass derived from Bt maize tissue compared to Frass derived from conventional maize tissue. We hypothesized that the weakened response was due to a detrimental effect of Bt endotoxins, present in the Bt maize tissue, on the bacterial community present in the host’s gut and Frass, including bacteria that produce odors attractive to C. marginiventris . As an initial test of our hypothesis, we compared between the responses of C. marginiventris females to host Frass produced following consumption of Bt maize and Frass produced from conventional maize which had been treated with an antibiotic (tetracycline) to eliminate host gut bacteria. Our results showed that C. marginiventris females responded similarly weakly to host Frass derived from conventional maize tissue treated with antibiotic and to Frass derived from Bt maize tissue, treated or untreated with antibiotic, while they responded strongly to Frass derived from conventional maize untreated with antibiotic, so provided initial, partial support for our hypothesis. We discussed the weakened response of C. marginiventris females to host Frass derived from Bt maize in the context of plausible impacts of transgenic crop cultivars on parasitoid foraging and populations, and the implications for biological control of non-target, polyphagous pests, such as S. frugiperda .
