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Tian Shung Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biologically active constituents from the Fruiting Body of taiwanofungus camphoratus
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Chih Hua Chao, De Yang Shen, Hsiu Hui Chan, Chou Hsiung Chen, Yu Ren Liao, Shwu Jen Wu, Yuhchiang Shen, Keduo Qian, Tian Shung WuAbstract:Abstract Five new benzenoids, benzocamphorins A–E ( 1 – 5 ), and 10 recently isolated triterpenoids, camphoratins A–J ( 16 – 25 ), together with 23 known compounds including seven benzenoids ( 6 – 12 ), three lignans ( 13 – 15 ), and 13 triterpenoids ( 26 – 38 ) were isolated from the Fruiting Body of Taiwanofungus camphoratus . Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis. Selected compounds were examined for cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 9 and 21 showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Hep2 cell lines with ED 50 values of 3.4 and 3.0 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 21 , 25 , 26 , 29 – 31 , 33 , and 36 demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production with IC 50 values of 2.5, 1.6, 3.6, 0.6, 4.1, 4.2, 2.5, and 1.5 μM, respectively, which were better than those of the nonspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME) (IC 50 : 25.8 μM). These results may substantiate the use of T. camphoratus in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of inflammation and cancer-related diseases. The newly discovered compounds deserve further development as anti-inflammatory candidates.
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camphoratins a j potent cytotoxic and anti inflammatory triterpenoids from the Fruiting Body of taiwanofungus camphoratus
Journal of Natural Products, 2010Co-Authors: Shwu Jen Wu, Chih Hua Chao, De Yang Shen, Hsiu Hui Chan, Chou Hsiung Chen, Yuhchiang Shen, Tian Shung Wu, Yea Hwey Wang, Keduo QianAbstract:Ten new triterpenoids, camphoratins A−J (1−10), along with 12 known compounds were isolated from the Fruiting Body of Taiwanofungus camphoratus. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compound 10 is the first example of a naturally occurring ergosteroid with an unusual cis-C/D ring junction. Compounds 2−6 and 11 showed moderate to potent cytotoxicity, with EC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 3 μM against KB and KB-VIN human cancer cell lines. Compounds 6, 10, 11, 14−16, 18, and 21 exhibited anti-inflammatory NO-production inhibition activity with IC50 values of less than 5 μM, and were more potent than the nonspecific NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester.
Hans Ulrich Schairer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fbfb a gene encoding a putative galactose oxidase is involved in stigmatella aurantiaca Fruiting Body formation
Journal of Bacteriology, 1998Co-Authors: Barbara Silakowski, Heidi Ehret, Hans Ulrich SchairerAbstract:Stigmatella aurantiaca is a gram-negative bacterium which forms, under conditions of starvation in a multicellular process, characteristic three-dimensional structures: the Fruiting bodies. For studying this complex process, mutants impaired in Fruiting Body formation have been induced by transposon insertion with a Tn5-derived transposon. The gene affected (fbfB) in one of the mutants (AP182) was studied further. Inactivation of fbfB results in mutants which form only clumps during starvation instead of wild-type Fruiting bodies. This mutant phenotype can be partially rescued, if cells of mutants impaired in fbfB function are mixed with those of some independent mutants defective in Fruiting before starvation. The fbfB gene is expressed about 14 h after induction of Fruiting Body formation as determined by measuring β-galactosidase activity in a merodiploid strain harboring the wild-type gene and an fbfB-Δtrp-lacZ fusion gene or by Northern (RNA) analysis with the Rhodobacter capsulatus pufBA fragment fused to fbfB as an indicator. The predicted polypeptide FbfB has a molecular mass of 57.8 kDa and shows a significant homology to the galactose oxidase (GaoA) of the fungus Dactylium dendroides. Galactose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of galactose and primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes.
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stigmatella aurantiaca Fruiting Body formation is dependent on the fbfa gene encoding a polypeptide homologous to chitin synthases
Journal of Bacteriology, 1996Co-Authors: Barbara Silakowski, Andreas Pospiech, Björn Neumann, Hans Ulrich SchairerAbstract:Stigmatella aurantiacais a prokaryotic organism that undergoes a multicellular cycle of development resultingintheformationofaFruitingBody.Foranalyzingthisprocess,mutantsdefectiveinFruitingBodyformation have been induced by transposon mutagenesis using a Tn5-derived transposon. About 800 bp upstream of the transposoninsertionofmutantAP182whichinactivatesagene(fbfB)involvedinFruiting,afurthergene(fbfA) needed for Fruiting Body formation was detected. Inactivation of fbfA leads to mutants which form only nonstructured clumps instead of the wild-type Fruiting Body. The mutant phenotype of fbfA mutants can be partially suppressed by mixing the mutant cells with cells of some independent mutants defective in Fruiting Body formation. ThefbfAgene is transcribed after8hofdevelopment as determined by measuring the induction of b-galactosidase activity of a fbfA-Dtrp-lacZ fusion gene and by Northern (RNA) analysis using an insertion encoding a stable mRNA. The predicted polypeptide FbfA shows a homology of about 30% to NodC of rhizobia, anN-acetylglucosamine-transferase which is involved in the synthesis of the sugar backbone of lipooligosaccharides. These induce the formation of the root nodules in the Papilionaceae. Besides the predicted molecular mass of 45.5 kDa, the hydropathy profile reveals a structural relationship to the NodC polypeptide. Multicellularmorphogenesisisafeatureofmanyeukaryotes and of a group of social prokaryotes, the myxobacteria. They are gram-negative soil bacteria growing on insoluble organic substrates such as decaying wood or leaves. Myxobacteria interact with each other, forming swarms. The cells move by glidingandsecreteslimecontaininglyticenzymesthatdegrade biopolymers. Upon starvation, cells glide into aggregation centers from which arise the Fruiting bodies, structures with a defined species-specific morphology and diverse complexity, harboring spores (10, 44). As in eukaryotic multicellular morphogenesis, direct cell-cell interaction and communication as well as positional signalling are predicted to play an important role in Fruiting Body formation of myxobacteria (8, 21, 23). Stigmatella aurantiaca belongs to the order of the myxobacteria. The Fruiting Body of S. aurantiaca is differentiated into a stalk and several delicate pedicels bearing a sporangiole at the top which contain between 10 4 and 10 5 myxospores. The morphological changes during development occur in a defined, temporal sequence, and in S. aurantiaca, the whole process takes about 24 h. Thus S. aurantiaca provides a simple and well-suitedmodelsystemtostudythedevelopmentofmorphological structures. Sporulation of vegetative cells may be induced independently from Fruiting Body formation by using indole and some of its derivatives (12). To detect genes involved in the morphogenesis of the S. aurantiacaFruitingBody,transposonmutantsdefectiveinFruiting Body formation have been induced with the promotor probe transposon Tn5lacZ(36). ThefbfAgene which has been showntobeessentialforFruitingBodyformationisthetopicof this report. It is localized about 150 bp upstream of the 59end of thefbfBgene which was also detected by transposon insertion and was shown to be involved in Fruiting (44a).
Yuchih Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative anti inflammatory characterization of wild Fruiting Body liquid state fermentation and solid state culture of taiwanofungus camphoratus in microglia and the mechanism of its action
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007Co-Authors: Hongjen Liang, Chienho Chen, Chinghua Su, Chunting Huang, Wenbin Zhong, Lingfang Hung, Yuchih LiangAbstract:Abstract Taiwanofungus camphoratus (syn. Antrodia camphorata), a medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, is reputed to provide several therapeutic benefits, but the wild Fruiting Body is very rare. In this study, we used Taiwanofungus camphoratus extracts from wild Fruiting bodies and two types of artificial cultivation (solid-state culture and liquid-state fermentation) to examine their anti-inflammatory effects in microglia cells and their possible roles in protection against neurodegenerative diseases. First, EOC13.31 microglia was treated with various kinds of Taiwanofungus camphoratus extracts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to evaluate the iNOS expression. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that among the various kinds of extracts from wild Fruiting bodies, methanol extracts were the most potent inhibitors of iNOS expression. Secondly, the potency of methanol extracts could be ranked as follows: extracts of wild Fruiting Body > solid-state culture > liquid-state fermentation. To clarify the mechanisms involved, methanol extracts from Fruiting Body were found to inhibit the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinases (JNK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) induced by LPS/IFN-γ. Methanol extracts from Fruiting Body also inhibited NF-κB activation through the prevention of inhibitor κB (IκB) degradation. Moreover, methanol extracts from wild Fruiting Body inhibited both the iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by β-amyloid in microglia in a dose-dependent manner. In an animal model, we confirmed that methanol extracts from Fruiting bodies were able to suppress ear edema, indicating that they have anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. These results suggest that Taiwanofungus camphoratus exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity that might contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Lawrence J. Shimkets - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatial organization of myxococcus xanthus during Fruiting Body formation
Journal of Bacteriology, 2007Co-Authors: Patrick D Curtis, Roy D Welch, Rion G Taylor, Lawrence J. ShimketsAbstract:Microcinematography was used to examine Fruiting Body development of Myxococcus xanthus. Wild-type cells progress through three distinct phases: a quiescent phase with some motility but little aggregation (0 to 8 h), a period of vigorous motility leading to raised Fruiting bodies (8 to 16 h), and a period of maturation during which sporulation is initiated (16 to 48 h). Fruiting bodies are extended vertically in a series of tiers, each involving the addition of a cell monolayer on top of the uppermost layer. A pilA (MXAN_5783) mutant produced less extracellular matrix material and thus allowed closer examination of tiered aggregate formation. A csgA (MXAN_1294) mutant exhibited no quiescent phase, aberrant aggregation in phase 2, and disintegration of the Fruiting bodies in the third phase.
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FibA and PilA act cooperatively during Fruiting Body formation of Myxococcus xanthus.
Molecular Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Pamela J. Bonner, Wesley P. Black, Zhaomin Yang, Lawrence J. ShimketsAbstract:Summary The extracellular matrix (ECM) of Myxococcus xanthus is essential for social (S-) motility and Fruiting Body formation. An ECM-bound protein, FibA, is homologous to M4 zinc metalloproteases and is important for stimulation by a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) chemoattractant and for formation of discrete aggregation foci. In this work, we demonstrate that a correlation exists between a reduced ability to respond to PE and the observed defects in Fruiting Body morphogenesis. Furthermore, the fibA aggregation defect is accentuated by the absence of either PilA, the structural subunit of type IV pili, or DifD, a chemosensory response regulator. The inability to form Fruiting bodies is not due to a loss of S-motility, but rather the loss of PilA and pili as pilT fibA mutants form Fruiting bodies. The FibA active site residue E342 is important for Fruiting Body morphogenesis in the absence of PilA. Mutants exhibiting defects in Fruiting Body morphogenesis also produce fewer viable spores. It is proposed that FibA and PilA act as extracellular sensors for developmental signals.
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Intercellular Signaling During Fruiting-Body Development of Myxococcus xanthus
Annual Review of Microbiology, 1999Co-Authors: Lawrence J. ShimketsAbstract:The myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus has a life cycle that is dom- inated by social behavior. During vegetative growth, cells prey on other bacteria in large groups that have been likened to wolf packs. When faced with starvation, cells form a macroscopic Fruiting Body containing thousands of spores. The social systems that guide Fruiting Body development have been examined through the isolation of conditional developmental mutants that can be stimulated to develop in the presence of wild-type cells. Extracellular complementation is due to the transfer of soluble and cell contact-dependent intercellular signals. This review describes the current state of knowledge concerning cell-cell signaling during development.
Jae Sue Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A sphingolipid and tyrosinase inhibitors from the Fruiting Body ofphellinus linteus
Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2004Co-Authors: Hye Sook Kang, Jin Ho Choi, Jong Cheol Park, Jae Sue ChoiAbstract:This paper for the first time reports the isolation of 5 compounds from Phellinus linteus . A sphingolipid ( 1 ) and two tyrosinase inhibitory compounds ( 2, 3 ) along with two carboxylic acids ( 4, 5 ), were isolated from the Fruiting Body of Phellinus linteus (Berk & Curt) Aoshima. The structure of compound 1 was identified as 1- O -β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2 S , 3 R , 4 E , 8 E )-2-[(2 R )-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-9-methyl-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, known as cerebroside B, based on spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR as well as by acid hydrolysis. Compounds 2~5 were identified as protocatechualdehyde ( 2 ), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) ( 3 ), succinic acid ( 4 ), and fumaric acid ( 5 ) based on the spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with an IC_50 of 0.40 and 90.8 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics, which were analyzed by the Lineweaver-Burk plots, were found to be competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors with a K_i of 1.1 μM and 1.4 mM, respectively.
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a sphingolipid and tyrosinase inhibitors from the Fruiting Body of phellinus linteus
Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2004Co-Authors: Hye Sook Kang, Jin Ho Choi, Jong Cheol Park, Jae Sue ChoiAbstract:This paper for the first time reports the isolation of 5 compounds fromPhellinus linteus. A sphingolipid (1) and two tyrosinase inhibitory compounds (2, 3) along with two carboxylic acids (4, 5), were isolated from the Fruiting Body ofPhellinus linteus (Berk & Curt) Aoshima. The structure of compound 1 was identified as 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-9-methyl-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, known as cerebroside B, based on spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR as well as by acid hydrolysis. Compounds2~5 were identified as protocatechualdehyde (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) (3), succinic acid (4), and fumaric acid (5) based on the spectroscopic evidence. Compounds2 and3 inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 of 0.40 and 90.8 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics, which were analyzed by the Lineweaver-Burk plots, were found to be competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors with a Ki of 1.1 μM and 1.4 mM, respectively.
