The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shin-ichi Sakai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Full Scale Plant study on low temperature thermal dechlorination of pcdds pcdfs in fly ash
Chemosphere, 1998Co-Authors: Michio Ishida, Ryozo Shiji, Noriyuki Nakamura, Shin-ichi SakaiAbstract:Abstract The low temperature thermal dechlorination process is an effective technology of dioxins decomposition in fly ash of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI). A Full-Scale dechlorination process was designed and constructed in Matsudo city, Japan. It was confirmed that PCDDs/PCDFs decomposition ratio was more than 99% with temperature of 350* C and retention time of 1 hour, and thermal dechlorination moved on from PCDDs/PCDFs having more chlorine atoms to those of less chlorine atoms.
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Full-Scale Plant study on low temperature thermal dechlorination of PCDDs/PCDFs in fly ash.
Chemosphere, 1998Co-Authors: Michio Ishida, Ryozo Shiji, Noriyuki Nakamura, Shin-ichi SakaiAbstract:Abstract The low temperature thermal dechlorination process is an effective technology of dioxins decomposition in fly ash of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI). A Full-Scale dechlorination process was designed and constructed in Matsudo city, Japan. It was confirmed that PCDDs/PCDFs decomposition ratio was more than 99% with temperature of 350* C and retention time of 1 hour, and thermal dechlorination moved on from PCDDs/PCDFs having more chlorine atoms to those of less chlorine atoms.
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Full Scale Plant study on fly ash treatment by the acid extraction process
Waste Management, 1996Co-Authors: H Katsuura, M. Hiraoka, T Inoue, Shin-ichi SakaiAbstract:Abstract Fly ash discharged from a municipal refuse incineration Plant is regulated, by 1992 legislation, to be treated to prevent leaching of heavy metals before final disposal. We have developed a stable and simple fly ash treatment method “Acid Extraction-Sulfide Stabilization Process (AES Process)”, in which the fly ash is acid-extracted and stabilized by NaHS to change the residual heavy metal into insoluble heavy metal sulfide. The results of many fundamental experiments and pilot tests indicate that it is important to consider the characteristics of fly ash (fine, scattering, moisture-absorbing, etc.) in designing the AES Process. Since 1977, seven municipal incineration Plants with AES Process have been constructed. At one of these Plants, the fly ash and waste water is treated together by the AES Process and evaporation/crystallization process. The fly ash is discharged as stabilized cake for final landfill disposal; solid salt is recycled to soda production Plants and condensed water is recycled in the Plant as cooling water. This Plant discharges no waste water. Operating results of the AES Process is that the stabilized cake conforms to the standard for landfill disposal in T-Hg, Cd and Pb, and the recovered solid salt contains approximately 99% NaCl. The operation cost per ton of the fly ash is ¥3,840 per ton.
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Sewage Sludge Melting Process: Preliminary System Design and Full-Scale Plant Study
Water Science and Technology, 1990Co-Authors: Shin-ichi Sakai, M. Hiraoka, Nobuo Takeda, T. TsunemiAbstract:A sewage sludge melting process has been developed and some Full-Scale planls have been installed or are now under construction in Japan. Sludge melting process has its main advantages in that most sorts of hazardous materials, such as heavy metals, are tightly fixed in solid phase and the slag produced by this process can be used as construction materials. This article analyzes sludge treatment and disposal costs of the popular sludge treatment alternatives with emphasis on thermal processes, especially the sludge melting process. From preliminary system designs on a common design basis, relative energy requirements and total treatment & disposal costs were compared. As a result of cost analysis in terms of the annual treatment cost, it was revealed that the lime conditioning systems cost some 50% more than the polymer conditioning, that in a comparison between the incineration and the melting systems the treatment cost differed when the difference in energy cost was significant, and that in the anaerobic digestion systems the superiority in energy balance did not contribute to treatment cost reduction. Even if as one of the cost conditions to introduce the melting system in place of the incineration system, the ash disposal price is set as low as 5,000 yen/t, the coke melting system is still advantageous in the lime conditioning. Further, it turned out that in the polymer conditioning systems it was possible to establish cost conditions to introduce the melting system when the incinerated ash disposal price, the melting process coke ratio and the coke price took certain values.
Hongying Hu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of chemical cleaning on ro membrane inorganic organic and microbial foulant removal in a Full Scale Plant for municipal wastewater reclamation
Water Research, 2017Co-Authors: Tong Yu, Hongying Hu, Lu Meng, Qingbo Zhao, Yun LuAbstract:Abstract Of all of the strategies for controlling reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling, chemical cleaning is indispensable. To study the effects of chemical cleaning on membrane foulant removal, a comparative analysis of RO membranes before and after common alkaline and acid cleaning was conducted by dissecting lead and terminal RO membranes in a Full-Scale municipal wastewater reclamation Plant. Most foulants on the membranes were removed by chemical cleaning processes. Calcium was the major inorganic component of the foulants because of its highest concentration in the feed water. Aluminum and iron were also abundant elements on the membranes due to their high deposition ratios and low removal efficiencies. Hydrophilic neutrals (HIN) and hydrophobic neutrals (HON) were the two largest dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions on the membranes before cleaning. HIN and hydrophilic acids (HIA) were not effectively removed. Chemical cleaning removed 94% and 90% of the total bacteria on the lead and tail membranes and considerably changed the structure of the microbial communities. Bacteria excessively producing extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), such as Pseudomonas and Zoogloea , were much more resistant to the chemical cleaning process. After cleaning, the membrane microbial community structures were more similar to those in the feed water than the structures on the membranes before cleaning. These results shed light on the effects of cleaning in a Full-Scale RO Plant, improves our understanding of the removal of foulants and provides potential research directions for cleaning methods and RO pretreatment processes.
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fouling characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes at different positions of a Full Scale Plant for municipal wastewater reclamation
Water Research, 2016Co-Authors: Fang Tang, Hongying Hu, John C CrittendenAbstract:Abstract Membrane fouling is an important shortcoming limiting the efficiency and wide application of reverse osmosis (RO) technology. In this paper, RO membranes in a Full-Scale municipal wastewater reclamation Plant were autopsied. From the lead to tail position RO membranes in RO system, both of organic and inorganic matters on membranes reduced gradually. The higher ion products in RO concentrate didn't result in more serious inorganic scaling on the last position RO membranes, which was contrast with some other researches. Fe, Ca and Mg were major inorganic elements. Fe had a relatively low concentration in RO influent but the highest content on membranes. However, there was no specific pretreatment in terms of Fe removal. Ca and Mg scaling was controlled by the antiscalants injected. Organic fouling (75.0–84.5% of dry weights) was major problem on RO membranes due to the large amount of dissolved organic matters in secondary effluent as raw water. Hydrophilic acid (HIA, 48.0% of total DOC), hydrophobic acid (HOA, 23.6%) and hydrophobic neutral (HON, 19.0%) fraction was largest among the six fractions in RO influent, while HON (38.2–51.1%) and HOA (22.1–26.1%) tended to accumulate on membranes in higher quantities. Monitoring HON and HOA might help to forecast organic fouling.
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fouling of reverse osmosis membrane for municipal wastewater reclamation autopsy results from a Full Scale Plant
Desalination, 2014Co-Authors: Fang Tang, Hongying Hu, Qianyuan Wu, Yanmei Jiang, Yuntao Guan, Jingjing HuangAbstract:Abstract A fouled RO membrane from a Full-Scale municipal wastewater reclamation Plant was autopsied to elucidate fouling characteristics and behavior associated with feed water quality. Organic pollution (occupied 75% of the deposit) was the major problem for the RO membrane. The deposit dissolved in NaOH solution was 2.37 g-DOC/m2 and largely comprised of microbial-derived organic matter (OM) and humic-like OM. Hydrophobic acids (HOA) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN) were the two largest fractions in the deposit among the six fractions of HOA, hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and HIN. HOA fraction could deposit on the membrane easily and should be monitored as key fractions to predict the organic fouling of RO membrane. HIN fraction occupied 34.2% of the total DOC in the deposit, but it was suggested that HIN fraction in the deposit was produced by the microorganisms on the membrane instead of depositing. The inorganic scaling of the RO membrane was mainly caused by element Fe, Ca and Si. The content of Fe was the highest (349.18 mg/m2), since Fe deposited on the RO membrane much more easily than other elements. Ca presented the lowest deposition ratio (0.0017%) due to the effective function of the antiscalant.
Fang Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fouling characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes at different positions of a Full Scale Plant for municipal wastewater reclamation
Water Research, 2016Co-Authors: Fang Tang, Hongying Hu, John C CrittendenAbstract:Abstract Membrane fouling is an important shortcoming limiting the efficiency and wide application of reverse osmosis (RO) technology. In this paper, RO membranes in a Full-Scale municipal wastewater reclamation Plant were autopsied. From the lead to tail position RO membranes in RO system, both of organic and inorganic matters on membranes reduced gradually. The higher ion products in RO concentrate didn't result in more serious inorganic scaling on the last position RO membranes, which was contrast with some other researches. Fe, Ca and Mg were major inorganic elements. Fe had a relatively low concentration in RO influent but the highest content on membranes. However, there was no specific pretreatment in terms of Fe removal. Ca and Mg scaling was controlled by the antiscalants injected. Organic fouling (75.0–84.5% of dry weights) was major problem on RO membranes due to the large amount of dissolved organic matters in secondary effluent as raw water. Hydrophilic acid (HIA, 48.0% of total DOC), hydrophobic acid (HOA, 23.6%) and hydrophobic neutral (HON, 19.0%) fraction was largest among the six fractions in RO influent, while HON (38.2–51.1%) and HOA (22.1–26.1%) tended to accumulate on membranes in higher quantities. Monitoring HON and HOA might help to forecast organic fouling.
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fouling of reverse osmosis membrane for municipal wastewater reclamation autopsy results from a Full Scale Plant
Desalination, 2014Co-Authors: Fang Tang, Hongying Hu, Qianyuan Wu, Yanmei Jiang, Yuntao Guan, Jingjing HuangAbstract:Abstract A fouled RO membrane from a Full-Scale municipal wastewater reclamation Plant was autopsied to elucidate fouling characteristics and behavior associated with feed water quality. Organic pollution (occupied 75% of the deposit) was the major problem for the RO membrane. The deposit dissolved in NaOH solution was 2.37 g-DOC/m2 and largely comprised of microbial-derived organic matter (OM) and humic-like OM. Hydrophobic acids (HOA) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN) were the two largest fractions in the deposit among the six fractions of HOA, hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and HIN. HOA fraction could deposit on the membrane easily and should be monitored as key fractions to predict the organic fouling of RO membrane. HIN fraction occupied 34.2% of the total DOC in the deposit, but it was suggested that HIN fraction in the deposit was produced by the microorganisms on the membrane instead of depositing. The inorganic scaling of the RO membrane was mainly caused by element Fe, Ca and Si. The content of Fe was the highest (349.18 mg/m2), since Fe deposited on the RO membrane much more easily than other elements. Ca presented the lowest deposition ratio (0.0017%) due to the effective function of the antiscalant.
Michio Ishida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Full Scale Plant study on low temperature thermal dechlorination of pcdds pcdfs in fly ash
Chemosphere, 1998Co-Authors: Michio Ishida, Ryozo Shiji, Noriyuki Nakamura, Shin-ichi SakaiAbstract:Abstract The low temperature thermal dechlorination process is an effective technology of dioxins decomposition in fly ash of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI). A Full-Scale dechlorination process was designed and constructed in Matsudo city, Japan. It was confirmed that PCDDs/PCDFs decomposition ratio was more than 99% with temperature of 350* C and retention time of 1 hour, and thermal dechlorination moved on from PCDDs/PCDFs having more chlorine atoms to those of less chlorine atoms.
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Full-Scale Plant study on low temperature thermal dechlorination of PCDDs/PCDFs in fly ash.
Chemosphere, 1998Co-Authors: Michio Ishida, Ryozo Shiji, Noriyuki Nakamura, Shin-ichi SakaiAbstract:Abstract The low temperature thermal dechlorination process is an effective technology of dioxins decomposition in fly ash of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI). A Full-Scale dechlorination process was designed and constructed in Matsudo city, Japan. It was confirmed that PCDDs/PCDFs decomposition ratio was more than 99% with temperature of 350* C and retention time of 1 hour, and thermal dechlorination moved on from PCDDs/PCDFs having more chlorine atoms to those of less chlorine atoms.
Fabrizio Adani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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substituting energy crops with organic fraction of municipal solid waste for biogas production at farm level a Full Scale Plant study
Process Biochemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Michele Pognani, Giuliana Dimporzano, Barbara Scaglia, Fabrizio AdaniAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of replacing the energetic crop (EC) in the feed-in mixture (ingestate) with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), in an anaerobic Full-Scale Plant comprising four continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) along with post-digester. A Full-Scale Plant performing anaerobic digestion (AD) was monitored for 8 months, and during this period, 55 samples of both ingestates and digestates from the digesters (hydraulic retention time, HRT, of 40 d) and post-digester (HRT of 10 d) were collected before and after OFMSW introduction and analyzed for both biological and chemical parameters. The result obtained showed that substitution of EC (Mix A) with OFMSW (Mix B) did not lead to substantial modification of the feed-in mixture and AD process. Mixtures A and B gave similar specific biogas (i.e., 585 ± 198 m3 Mg TS-1 and 567 ± 162 m3 Mg TS-1 for Mix A and B, respectively), showing high process performances, i.e., 95% of the total anaerobic biogas producible was produced during the AD processes (HRT of 50 d). The digestates produced showed similar characteristics and can be potentially used in agriculture. The OFMSW offers new opportunities for farmers to produce renewable energy, by lowering the cost of the biomass and producing a useful fertilizer/amendment product.
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Assessing amendment properties of digestate by studying the organic matter composition and the degree of biological stability during the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of MSW
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Fulvia Tambone, Pierluigi Genevini, Giuliana D'imporzano, Fabrizio AdaniAbstract:The transformation of organic matter during anaerobic digestion of mixtures of energetic crops, cow slurry, agro-industrial waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was studied by analysing different samples at diverse points during the anaerobic digestion process in a Full-Scale Plant. Both chemical (fiber analysis) and spectroscopic approaches (13C CPMAS NMR) indicated the anaerobic digestion process proceeded by degradation of more labile fraction (e.g. carbohydrate-like molecules) and concentration of more recalcitrant molecules (lignin and non-hydrolysable lipids). These modifications determined a higher degree of biological stability of digestate with respect to the starting mixture, as suggested, also, by the good correlations found between the cumulative oxygen uptake (OD20), and the sum of (cellulose + hemicellulose + cell soluble) contents of biomasses detected by fiber analysis (r = 0.99; P < 0.05), and both O-alkyl-C (r = 0.98; P < 0.05) and alkyl-C (r = -0.99; P < 0.05) measured by13C CPMAS NMR. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Biostabilization of mechanically separated municipal solid waste fraction
Waste Management & Research, 2000Co-Authors: Fabrizio Adani, Luca Scatigna, Pierluigi GeneviniAbstract:Municipal solid waste was processed by a mechanical-biological end composting process both in pilot and Full-Scale Plants. The organic fraction obtained by mechanical treatment (fraction → 140 ml 1-1, temperature 500 g kg-1 w.w.). After the high-rate phase, the products obtained showed a high degradation coefficient and good biological stability (ΔVS = - 54.75% and -35.35%, DRI = 300 and 500 mg O 2 kg-1 VS h-1, respectively, for pilot and Full-Scale Plants) especially for the pilot Plant, indicating that it is not possible to obtain the same performance for a Full-Scale Plant as obtained under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the successive curing phase showed less of a discrepancy between the two processes (ΔVS = - 66.33% and -56.87%, DRI = 280 and 360 mg O2 kg-1 VS h-1, respectively, for pilot and Full Scale p...
