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D. J. Middleton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A systematic survey of leaf and stem anatomical characters in the genus Gaultheria and related genera (Ericaceae)
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1993Co-Authors: D. J. MiddletonAbstract:Leaf and stem anatomical characters of 123 species within the Gaultheria group of genera of the tribe Andromedeae are surveyed. A number of characters show considerable variation within a species which limits their taxonomic use. Other characters such as marginal sclerenchyma and, to a lesser extent, the hypodermis, the presence of adaxial stomata, the presence of free fibres and the pith type were of more taxonomic interest. These characters are discussed in relation to the generic and infrageneric classification of the group.
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Taxonomic studies in the Gaultheria group of genera of the Tribe Andromedeae (Ericaceae)
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 1991Co-Authors: D. J. MiddletonAbstract:The taxonomic status of each of the genera within the ‘ Gaultheria group of genera’ of the tribe Andromedeae (Ericaceae) has been investigated. These genera are Gaultheria L. (including Pernettya Gaud. and Chiogenes Salisb.), Leucothoe Don, Zenobia Don, Diplycosia Bl., Pernettyopsis King & Gamble and Tepuia Camp. The morphological characters have been discussed.
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Taxonomic studies in the Gaultheria group of genera of the Tribe Andromedeae (Ericaceae)
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 1991Co-Authors: D. J. MiddletonAbstract:The taxonomic status of each of the genera within the ‘Gaultheria group of genera’ of the tribe Andromedeae (Ericaceae) has been investigated. These genera are Gaultheria L. (including Pernettya Gaud. and Chiogenes Salisb.), Leucothoë Don, Zenobia Don, Diplycosia Bl., Pernettyopsis King & Gamble and Tepuia Camp. The morphological characters have been discussed.
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Ecology, reproductive biology and hybridization in Gaultheria L.
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 1991Co-Authors: D. J. MiddletonAbstract:The ecology, reproductive biology and hybridization of species in the genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) has been investigated with particular reference to those species in Ecuador. Most species were found to be plants of disturbed ground particularly on roadside banks and forest margins. The species in Ecuador were not seen to be visited by potential pollinators although fruit set was high. No animals were seen to eat the fleshy fruits. Male sterile plants of many species from throughout the distribution of the genus were observed indicating a higher level of gynodioecism in the genus than previously thought. Empty anthers in two Ecuadorean species suggests that gynodioecism may be present in many species without any clear morphological change. A hybrid between Gaultheria myrsinoides and G. reticulata has been found in Ecuador.
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Infrageneric classification of the genus Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae)
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1991Co-Authors: D. J. MiddletonAbstract:The genus Gaultheria has been classified into ten sections (one with two subsections) and 22 series of which five are new combinations and 21 are new taxa. Seven of these sections are composed primarily of solitary flowered species and the other three sections of racemose species. About half of the species of the genus are included in section Brossaea. A summary of the classification is here presented.
Hong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New species, taxonomic renovations, and typifications in Gaultheria series
2016Co-Authors: Peter W. Fritsch, Hong WangAbstract:Expeditions to the Gaoligong Mountains and Biluo Snow Mountains in western Yunnan Province, China have uncovered new taxonomic information about the species of Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae) that are known to occur in these ranges. Based on these data, we describe two species as new to science (G. ciliisepala and G. stenophylla) and elevate fou
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Gaultheria marronina sp. nov. (Ericaceae) from Sichuan, China
Nordic Journal of Botany, 2016Co-Authors: Peter W. Fritsch, Hong WangAbstract:Gaultheria marronina, a new species from the Hengduan Mountain chain of western Sichuan Province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to G. bryoides P. W. Fritsch & L. H. Zhou from the Gaoligong Mountains in its white fleshy calyx with a maroon capsule but differs in its stem setae 0.34–0.50 mm long, petioles 0.4–0.6 mm long, leaf blades 5.1–6.2 × 2.1–3.1 mm, overwintering flower bud pedicels 0.6–0.8 mm long, calyx lobes 2.2–3.0 mm long, and usually slightly open fruiting calyx, among other characters. The species is known only from two widely separated unprotected populations and is categorized as endangered.
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Gaultheria gonggashanensis sp. nov. (Ericaceae) from Sichuan, China
Nordic Journal of Botany, 2015Co-Authors: Peter W. Fritsch, Hong WangAbstract:Gaultheria gonggashanensis P. W. Fritsch & Lu Lu, a new species from western Sichuan Province, China, is described and illustrated. This species belongs to Gaultheria ser. Trichophyllae Airy Shaw and is most similar to G. sinensis J. Anthony, but differs by its longer stem setae, glabrous petioles and leaf blade midveins adaxially, thick-chartaceous to subcoriaceous leaf blades, larger calyx lobes, and smaller anther thecae. The species is known with certainty only from the Hailuo Valley on the east slope of Mount Gongga in the Daxue Range.
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DNA barcoding of Gaultheria L. in China (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae).
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: He Ren, Hong WangAbstract:Four DNA barcoding loci, chloroplast loci rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and nuclear locus internal transcribed spacer (ITS), were tested for the accurate discrimination of the Chinese species of Gaultheria by using intraspecific and interspecific pairwise P-distance, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and tree-based analyses. This study included 186 individuals from 89 populations representing 30 species. For all individuals, single locus markers showed high levels of sequencing universality but were ineffective for species resolvability. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing were successful for all four loci. Both ITS and matK showed significantly higher levels of interspecific species delimitation than rbcL and trnH-psbA. A combination of matK and ITS was the most efficient DNA barcode among all studied regions, however, they do not represent an appropriate candidate barcode for Chinese Gaultheria, by which only 11 out of 30 species can be separated. Loci rbcL, matK, and trnH-psbA, which were recently proposed as universal plant barcodes, have a very poor capacity for species separation for Chinese Gaultheria. DNA barcodes may be reliable tools to identify the evolutionary units of this group, so further studies are needed to develop more efficient DNA barcodes for Gaultheria and other genera with complicated evolutionary histories.
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Reticulate evolution, cryptic species, and character convergence in the core East Asian clade of Gaultheria (Ericaceae).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2010Co-Authors: Peter W. Fritsch, Boni C. Cruz, Hong WangAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships of 84 samples representing 30 species in the core East Asian clade of the wintergreen group of Gaultheria (Angiospermae: Ericaceae: Gaultherieae) were estimated from separate and combined DNA sequence data from five genic regions (ITS, matK, rpl16, trnL-trnF, and trnS-trnG) with parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Two major clades were recovered, one comprising several sections and series with leaves generally more than 1 cm long [the ser. Leucothoides sensu lato (s.l.) clade] and another comprising the species of ser. Trichophyllae, with leaves generally less than 1 cm long. The ITS region yielded little phylogenetic resolution, whereas in the combined chloroplast analysis the samples from individual morphospecies in both clades were often nonmonophyletic. This was postulated to result from reticulate evolution in the ser. Leucothoides s.l. clade, particularly in two specific cases of hybridization and a crown clade with likely chloroplast capture following localized introgression. In the set. Trichophyllae clade, such nonmonophyly was largely attributed to cryptic species and character convergence resulting at least partly from extreme morphological reduction. The relatively low-elevation habitats in which the species of the ser. Leucothoides s.l. clade generally grow are thought to have promoted opportunities for sympatry and reticulation, whereas the high-alpine habitats of ser. Trichophyllae are more likely to have spawned isolated populations and narrow endemism. As in other Sino-Himalayan plant groups, overall low sequence divergence and reticulate evolution suggest rapid radiation in the core East Asian clade of Gaultheria. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Peter W. Fritsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A taxonomic revision of Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae)
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 2020Co-Authors: Peter W. FritschAbstract:The last taxonomic revision of Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae), a clade of high-elevation species endemic to the Himalaya-Hengduan Shan region of east-central Asia, was published in 1941. Since then, a number of new species have been described and other taxonomic changes have occurred in the group, prompting the need for a comprehensive revision. The present treatment of the series comprises 21 species, including Gaultheria x biluoensis, a newly described hybrid between G. crassifolia and G. major. A key to species and species descriptions is provided, and lectotypes are newly designated for G. cardiosepala, G. gonggashanensis, G. marronina, and G. stenophylla.
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New species, taxonomic renovations, and typifications in Gaultheria series
2016Co-Authors: Peter W. Fritsch, Hong WangAbstract:Expeditions to the Gaoligong Mountains and Biluo Snow Mountains in western Yunnan Province, China have uncovered new taxonomic information about the species of Gaultheria series Trichophyllae (Ericaceae) that are known to occur in these ranges. Based on these data, we describe two species as new to science (G. ciliisepala and G. stenophylla) and elevate fou
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Gaultheria marronina sp. nov. (Ericaceae) from Sichuan, China
Nordic Journal of Botany, 2016Co-Authors: Peter W. Fritsch, Hong WangAbstract:Gaultheria marronina, a new species from the Hengduan Mountain chain of western Sichuan Province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to G. bryoides P. W. Fritsch & L. H. Zhou from the Gaoligong Mountains in its white fleshy calyx with a maroon capsule but differs in its stem setae 0.34–0.50 mm long, petioles 0.4–0.6 mm long, leaf blades 5.1–6.2 × 2.1–3.1 mm, overwintering flower bud pedicels 0.6–0.8 mm long, calyx lobes 2.2–3.0 mm long, and usually slightly open fruiting calyx, among other characters. The species is known only from two widely separated unprotected populations and is categorized as endangered.
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Novedades nomenclaturales para Gaultheria (Ericaceae) en Chile Novelties on Gaultheria (Ericaceae) in Chile
2016Co-Authors: Sebastián Teillier, Roberto Rodríguez, Peter W. Fritsch, Santiago De ChileAbstract:After a revision of Gaultheria species for Flora de Chile project, we found new specimens and information that has prompted us to make two new combinations and a lectotype for this genus. Pernettya linifolia Phil. was described by R. A. Philippi and subsequently treated taxonomists as a variety of either Gaultheria (Pernettya) mucronata or Gaultheria (Pernettya) poeppigii. We treat Pernettya linifolia at the species level, and move it to Gaultheria as Gaultheria linifolia (Phil.) Teillier & R.A. Rodr., in line with the new classification of Ericaceae. The combination Gaultheria angustifolia (Lindl.) Teillier (Ericaceae) was recently made for a distinct species from Chile and Argentina, but this name is a later homonym of Gaultheria angustifolia Brandegee from Mexico. A new name, Gaultheria marticorenae Teillier & P.W. Fritsch, is therefore provided as a replacement for this species. A lectotype for the heterotypic synonym Pernettya leucocarpa var. linearis Reiche is also designated.
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Gaultheria gonggashanensis sp. nov. (Ericaceae) from Sichuan, China
Nordic Journal of Botany, 2015Co-Authors: Peter W. Fritsch, Hong WangAbstract:Gaultheria gonggashanensis P. W. Fritsch & Lu Lu, a new species from western Sichuan Province, China, is described and illustrated. This species belongs to Gaultheria ser. Trichophyllae Airy Shaw and is most similar to G. sinensis J. Anthony, but differs by its longer stem setae, glabrous petioles and leaf blade midveins adaxially, thick-chartaceous to subcoriaceous leaf blades, larger calyx lobes, and smaller anther thecae. The species is known with certainty only from the Hailuo Valley on the east slope of Mount Gongga in the Daxue Range.
Tiantai Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anti inflammatory activity of methyl salicylate glycosides isolated from Gaultheria yunnanensis franch rehder
Molecules, 2011Co-Authors: Dan Zhang, Rui Liu, Lan Sun, Chao Huang, Chao Wang, Dongming Zhang, Tiantai ZhangAbstract:Abstract: Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehder is a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatments of rheumatoid arthritis, swelling and pain. Two methyl salicylate glycosides, namely methyl benzoate-2- O -β- D -xylopyranosyl(1-6)- O -β- D -gluco-pyranoside (J12122) and methyl benzoate-2- O -β- D -xylopyranosyl(1-2)[ O -β-D-xylopyranosyl(1-6)]- O -β- D -glucopyranoside (J12123), are natural salicylic derivatives isolated from Gaultheria yunnanensis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of J12122 and J12123 on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells by measuring the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, accumulation of nitric oxide (NO), and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed that both methyl salicylate glycosides dose-dependently inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, respectively. Consistent with these observations, J12122 and J12123 significantly suppressed the accumulation of NO, with an inhibitory rate of 56.20% and 51.72% at 3.0 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Furthermore, the two methyl salicylate glycosides reduced the level of ROS induced by LPS. These results showed that the isolated compounds possess anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition the production pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO, and ROS.
Shannon M. Berch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diversity of Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi on Gaultheria shallon
2000Co-Authors: T. R. Allen, Shannon M. Berch, Mary L. BerbeeAbstract:The diversity of fungi in the field cannot be determined by looking at fruiting bodies alone. Fruiting body production varies from season to season and site to site. Small or inconspicuous fruiting bodies are easily overlooked. Many soil fungi do not fruit in the field and rarely do so in culture. So, how does one determine the diversity of fungal communities without depending on the unpredictable production of fruiting bodies? We explore here a molecular approach to determining fungal diversity. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are slow growing ascomycetes associated with the roots of ericaceous plants that provide their plant partners with nitrogen in nutrient poor soils. In British Columbia, fruiting bodies of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi have never been found in the field and isolates of these fungi usually remain sterile. We are using molecular techniques to identify diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with salal, Gaultheria shallon Pursh. We are culturing ericoid mycorrhizal fungi from adjacent 2-mm mycorrhizal root segments. To identify the fungi, we use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the internal transcriber regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA cistron. We then use restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing to match the isolates to known fungi. In this way we can approach the question of the “real” diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Ultimately, this approach will reveal which fungi are common and important in ecosystem function, and which fungi are rare species in need of protection.
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THE ABILITY OF KNOWN ERICOID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO FORM MYCORRHIZAE WITH Gaultheria SHALLON
Mycologia, 1995Co-Authors: Guoping Xiao, Shannon M. BerchAbstract:Known ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were tested in vitro for ability to form mycorrhizae with salal (Gaultheria shallon). Five of the 14 known ericoid mycorrhizal fungi formed typical ericoid mycorrhiz...
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Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi of Gaultheria Shallon
Mycologia, 1992Co-Authors: Guoping Xiao, Shannon M. BerchAbstract:(1992). Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi of Gaultheria Shallon. Mycologia: Vol. 84, No. 3, pp. 470-471.