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Peter J Pekins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vertical transmission of the entomopathogenic Soil fungus scopulariopsis brevicaulis as a contaminant of eggs in the winter tick dermacentor albipictus collected from calf moose new hampshire usa
Mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Jay A Yoder, Benjamin M Rodell, Lucas A Klever, Cameron J Dobrotka, Peter J PekinsAbstract:ABSTRACTMoose naturally acquire Soil Fungi on their fur that are entomopathogenic to the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Presumed to provide a measure of on-host tick control, it is unknown wh...
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vertical transmission of the entomopathogenic Soil fungus scopulariopsis brevicaulis as a contaminant of eggs in the winter tick dermacentor albipictus collected from calf moose new hampshire usa
Mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Jay A Yoder, Benjamin M Rodell, Lucas A Klever, Cameron J Dobrotka, Peter J PekinsAbstract:Moose naturally acquire Soil Fungi on their fur that are entomopathogenic to the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Presumed to provide a measure of on-host tick control, it is unknown whether these Soil Fungi impact subsequent off-host stages of the tick. Eggs and resultant larvae originating from engorged, adult female winter ticks collected from dead calf moose (Alces alces) were used to investigate the presence and extent of fungal infection. Approximately 40% of eggs and larvae were infected, almost exclusively by the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (teleomorph Microascus brevicaulis: Microascaceae, Ascomycota). Eggs analysed on the day of oviposition and day of hatching had high frequency (40%) of S. brevicaulis, whereas the frequency in eggs harvested in utero was minimal (7%); therefore, exposure occurs pre-oviposition in the female's genital chamber, not by transovarial transmission. At hatching, larvae emerge containing S. brevicaulis indicating transstadial transmission. Artificial infection by topical application of eggs and larvae with a large inoculum of S. brevicaulis spores caused rapid dehydration, marked mortality; pathogenicity was confirmed by Koch's postulates. The high hatching success (>90%) and multi-month survival of larvae imply that S. brevicaulis is maintained as a natural pathobiont in winter ticks.
Jay A Yoder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vertical transmission of the entomopathogenic Soil fungus scopulariopsis brevicaulis as a contaminant of eggs in the winter tick dermacentor albipictus collected from calf moose new hampshire usa
Mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Jay A Yoder, Benjamin M Rodell, Lucas A Klever, Cameron J Dobrotka, Peter J PekinsAbstract:ABSTRACTMoose naturally acquire Soil Fungi on their fur that are entomopathogenic to the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Presumed to provide a measure of on-host tick control, it is unknown wh...
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vertical transmission of the entomopathogenic Soil fungus scopulariopsis brevicaulis as a contaminant of eggs in the winter tick dermacentor albipictus collected from calf moose new hampshire usa
Mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Jay A Yoder, Benjamin M Rodell, Lucas A Klever, Cameron J Dobrotka, Peter J PekinsAbstract:Moose naturally acquire Soil Fungi on their fur that are entomopathogenic to the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Presumed to provide a measure of on-host tick control, it is unknown whether these Soil Fungi impact subsequent off-host stages of the tick. Eggs and resultant larvae originating from engorged, adult female winter ticks collected from dead calf moose (Alces alces) were used to investigate the presence and extent of fungal infection. Approximately 40% of eggs and larvae were infected, almost exclusively by the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (teleomorph Microascus brevicaulis: Microascaceae, Ascomycota). Eggs analysed on the day of oviposition and day of hatching had high frequency (40%) of S. brevicaulis, whereas the frequency in eggs harvested in utero was minimal (7%); therefore, exposure occurs pre-oviposition in the female's genital chamber, not by transovarial transmission. At hatching, larvae emerge containing S. brevicaulis indicating transstadial transmission. Artificial infection by topical application of eggs and larvae with a large inoculum of S. brevicaulis spores caused rapid dehydration, marked mortality; pathogenicity was confirmed by Koch's postulates. The high hatching success (>90%) and multi-month survival of larvae imply that S. brevicaulis is maintained as a natural pathobiont in winter ticks.
Sándor Gonda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Endophytic Fungi Growing on Extracts of the Host, Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana).
Metabolites, 2020Co-Authors: Tamás Plaszkó, Zsolt Szűcs, Gábor Vasas, Zoltán Kállai, Hajnalka Csoma, Sándor GondaAbstract:The interaction between plant defensive metabolites and different plant-associated fungal species is of high interest to many disciplines. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are natural products that are easily evaporated under ambient conditions. They play a very important role in inter-species communication of microbes and their hosts. In this study, the VOCs produced by 43 different fungal isolates of endophytic and Soil Fungi during growth on horseradish root (Armoracia rusticana) extract or malt extract agar were examined, by using headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (headspace-GC-MS) and a high relative surface agar film as a medium. The proposed technique enabled sensitive detection of several typical VOCs (acetone, methyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl butanol isomers, styrene, beta-phellandrene), along with glucosinolate decomposition products, including allyl cyanide and allyl isothiocyanate and other sulfur-containing compounds—carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide. The VOC patterns of Fungi belonging to Setophoma, Paraphoma, Plectosphaerella, Pyrenochaeta, Volutella, Cadophora, Notophoma, and Curvularia genera were described for the first time. The VOC pattern was significantly different among the isolates. The pattern was indicative of putative myrosinase activity for many tested isolates. On the other hand, endophytes and Soil Fungi as groups could not be separated by VOC pattern or intensity.
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endophytic Fungi from the roots of horseradish armoracia rusticana and their interactions with the defensive metabolites of the glucosinolate myrosinase isothiocyanate system
BMC Plant Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Zsolt Szűcs, Tamás Plaszkó, Zoltán Cziáky, Tamás Emri, Regina Bertóti, László Tamás Sinka, Gábor Vasas, Sándor Gonda, Attila KissszikszaiAbstract:The health of plants is heavily influenced by the intensively researched plant microbiome. The microbiome has to cope with the plant’s defensive secondary metabolites to survive and develop, but studies that describe this interaction are rare. In the current study, we describe interactions of endophytic Fungi with a widely researched chemical defense system, the glucosinolate - myrosinase - isothiocyanate system. The antifungal isothiocyanates are also of special interest because of their beneficial effects on human consumers. Seven endophytic Fungi were isolated from horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana), from the genera Fusarium, Macrophomina, Setophoma, Paraphoma and Oidiodendron. LC-ESI-MS analysis of the horseradish extract incubated with these Fungi showed that six of seven strains could decompose different classes of glucosinolates. Aliphatic, aromatic, thiomethylalkyl and indolic glucosinolates were decomposed by different strains at different rates. SPME-GC-MS measurements showed that two strains released significant amounts of allyl isothiocyanate into the surrounding air, but allyl nitrile was not detected. The LC-ESI-MS analysis of many strains’ media showed the presence of allyl isothiocyanate - glutathione conjugate during the decomposition of sinigrin. Four endophytic strains also accepted sinigrin as the sole carbon source. Isothiocyanates inhibited the growth of Fungi at various concentrations, phenylethyl isothiocyanate was more potent than allyl isothiocyanate (mean IC50 was 2.30-fold lower). As a control group, ten Soil Fungi from the same Soil were used. They decomposed glucosinolates with lower overall efficiency: six of ten strains had insignificant or weak activities and only three could use sinigrin as a carbon source. The Soil Fungi also showed lower AITC tolerance in the growth inhibition assay: the median IC50 values were 0.1925 mM for endophytes and 0.0899 mM for Soil Fungi. The host’s glucosinolates can be used by the tested endophytic Fungi as nutrients or to gain competitive advantage over less tolerant species. These activities were much less apparent among the Soil Fungi. This suggests that the endophytes show adaptation to the host plant’s secondary metabolites and that host metabolite specific activities are enriched in the root microbiome. The results present background mechanisms enabling an understanding of how plants shape their microbiome.
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Endophytic Fungi from the roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and their interactions with the defensive metabolites of the glucosinolate - myrosinase - isothiocyanate system
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Zsolt Szűcs, Tamás Plaszkó, Zoltán Cziáky, Attila Kiss-szikszai, Tamás Emri, Regina Bertóti, László Tamás Sinka, Gábor Vasas, Sándor GondaAbstract:Abstract Background The health of plants is heavily influenced by the intensively researched plant microbiome. The microbiome has to cope with the plant’s defensive secondary metabolites to survive and develop, but studies that describe this interaction are rare. In the current study, we describe interactions of endophytic Fungi with a widely researched chemical defense system, the glucosinolate - myrosinase - isothiocyanate system. The antifungal isothiocyanates are also of special interest because of their beneficial effects on human consumers. Results Seven endophytic Fungi were isolated from horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana), from the genera Fusarium, Macrophomina, Setophoma, Paraphoma and Oidiodendron. LC-ESI-MS analysis of the horseradish extract incubated with these Fungi showed that six of seven strains could decompose different classes of glucosinolates. Aliphatic, aromatic, thiomethylalkyl and indolic glucosinolates were decomposed by different strains at different rates. SPME-GC-MS measurements showed that two strains released significant amounts of allyl isothiocyanate into the surrounding air, but allyl nitrile was not detected. The LC-ESI-MS analysis of many strains’ media showed the presence of allyl isothiocyanate - glutathione conjugate during the decomposition of sinigrin. Four endophytic strains also accepted sinigrin as the sole carbon source. Isothiocyanates inhibited the growth of Fungi at various concentrations, phenylethyl isothiocyanate was more potent than allyl isothiocyanate (mean IC50 was 2.30-fold lower). As a control group, ten Soil Fungi from the same Soil were used. They decomposed glucosinolates with lower overall efficiency: six of ten strains had insignificant or weak activities and only three could use sinigrin as a carbon source. The Soil Fungi also showed lower AITC tolerance in the growth inhibition assay: the median IC50 values were 0.1925 mM for endophytes and 0.0899 mM for Soil Fungi. Conclusions The host’s glucosinolates can be used by the tested endophytic Fungi as nutrients or to gain competitive advantage over less tolerant species. These activities were much less apparent among the Soil Fungi. This suggests that the endophytes show adaptation to the host plant’s secondary metabolites and that host metabolite specific activities are enriched in the root microbiome. The results present background mechanisms enabling an understanding of how plants shape their microbiome
Cameron J Dobrotka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vertical transmission of the entomopathogenic Soil fungus scopulariopsis brevicaulis as a contaminant of eggs in the winter tick dermacentor albipictus collected from calf moose new hampshire usa
Mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Jay A Yoder, Benjamin M Rodell, Lucas A Klever, Cameron J Dobrotka, Peter J PekinsAbstract:ABSTRACTMoose naturally acquire Soil Fungi on their fur that are entomopathogenic to the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Presumed to provide a measure of on-host tick control, it is unknown wh...
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vertical transmission of the entomopathogenic Soil fungus scopulariopsis brevicaulis as a contaminant of eggs in the winter tick dermacentor albipictus collected from calf moose new hampshire usa
Mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Jay A Yoder, Benjamin M Rodell, Lucas A Klever, Cameron J Dobrotka, Peter J PekinsAbstract:Moose naturally acquire Soil Fungi on their fur that are entomopathogenic to the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Presumed to provide a measure of on-host tick control, it is unknown whether these Soil Fungi impact subsequent off-host stages of the tick. Eggs and resultant larvae originating from engorged, adult female winter ticks collected from dead calf moose (Alces alces) were used to investigate the presence and extent of fungal infection. Approximately 40% of eggs and larvae were infected, almost exclusively by the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (teleomorph Microascus brevicaulis: Microascaceae, Ascomycota). Eggs analysed on the day of oviposition and day of hatching had high frequency (40%) of S. brevicaulis, whereas the frequency in eggs harvested in utero was minimal (7%); therefore, exposure occurs pre-oviposition in the female's genital chamber, not by transovarial transmission. At hatching, larvae emerge containing S. brevicaulis indicating transstadial transmission. Artificial infection by topical application of eggs and larvae with a large inoculum of S. brevicaulis spores caused rapid dehydration, marked mortality; pathogenicity was confirmed by Koch's postulates. The high hatching success (>90%) and multi-month survival of larvae imply that S. brevicaulis is maintained as a natural pathobiont in winter ticks.
Lucas A Klever - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vertical transmission of the entomopathogenic Soil fungus scopulariopsis brevicaulis as a contaminant of eggs in the winter tick dermacentor albipictus collected from calf moose new hampshire usa
Mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Jay A Yoder, Benjamin M Rodell, Lucas A Klever, Cameron J Dobrotka, Peter J PekinsAbstract:ABSTRACTMoose naturally acquire Soil Fungi on their fur that are entomopathogenic to the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Presumed to provide a measure of on-host tick control, it is unknown wh...
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vertical transmission of the entomopathogenic Soil fungus scopulariopsis brevicaulis as a contaminant of eggs in the winter tick dermacentor albipictus collected from calf moose new hampshire usa
Mycology, 2019Co-Authors: Jay A Yoder, Benjamin M Rodell, Lucas A Klever, Cameron J Dobrotka, Peter J PekinsAbstract:Moose naturally acquire Soil Fungi on their fur that are entomopathogenic to the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Presumed to provide a measure of on-host tick control, it is unknown whether these Soil Fungi impact subsequent off-host stages of the tick. Eggs and resultant larvae originating from engorged, adult female winter ticks collected from dead calf moose (Alces alces) were used to investigate the presence and extent of fungal infection. Approximately 40% of eggs and larvae were infected, almost exclusively by the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (teleomorph Microascus brevicaulis: Microascaceae, Ascomycota). Eggs analysed on the day of oviposition and day of hatching had high frequency (40%) of S. brevicaulis, whereas the frequency in eggs harvested in utero was minimal (7%); therefore, exposure occurs pre-oviposition in the female's genital chamber, not by transovarial transmission. At hatching, larvae emerge containing S. brevicaulis indicating transstadial transmission. Artificial infection by topical application of eggs and larvae with a large inoculum of S. brevicaulis spores caused rapid dehydration, marked mortality; pathogenicity was confirmed by Koch's postulates. The high hatching success (>90%) and multi-month survival of larvae imply that S. brevicaulis is maintained as a natural pathobiont in winter ticks.
