The Experts below are selected from a list of 40344 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mohammad Bahram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in plant invasion trajectory
Plant and Soil, 2019Co-Authors: Farzad Aslani, A. Shukor Juraimi, M. Saiful Ahmad-hamdani, M. Amirul Alam, M. Mahmudul Hasan, F. S. Golestan Hashemi, Mohammad BahramAbstract:Background Invasive plant species pose a global threat because they alter ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. The majority of plants form mutualistic Mycorrhizal associations with Mycorrhizal Fungi, which contribute to the nutrient and water supply as well as diversity, competitive ability, and ecosystem productivity. In addition, the role of Mycorrhizal interactions in plant invasiveness and the susceptibility or resistance of a habitat to invasion is increasingly recognized. However, the mechanisms by which mycorrhizae contribute to invasion remain unresolved. Scope Here, we provide an overview of the empirical evidence and discuss the prospects for mycorrhizaemediated plant invasion. Overall, Mycorrhizal Fungi appear to have impacts on plant invasion that depend on the similarities between the Mycorrhizal associations of the alien and native plants. We introduce plant Mycorrhizal niche space (PMNS) as a plant’s ability to exploit and shape the Mycorrhizal Fungi pool of a habitat based on its dependency on Mycorrhizal Fungi, traits and priority effects. Conclusions Collectively, the available evidence supports the idea that PMNS is independent of place of origin (invasive status). Understanding the drivers of the PMNS of both native and alien plant species may help to predict the potential invasiveness of plants and the invasibility of a habitat, to elucidate the role of the Mycorrhizal fungal community in plant invasion and the impact of plant invasion on the structure of the Mycorrhizal fungal community in new habitats (i.e., neighbour effect) and to improve restoration planning. In this regard, we highlight a number of knowledge gaps and discuss future research directions.
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The role of arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in plant invasion trajectory
Plant and Soil, 2019Co-Authors: Farzad Aslani, A. Shukor Juraimi, M. Saiful Ahmad-hamdani, M. Amirul Alam, M. Mahmudul Hasan, F. S. Golestan Hashemi, Mohammad BahramAbstract:Invasive plant species pose a global threat because they alter ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. The majority of plants form mutualistic Mycorrhizal associations with Mycorrhizal Fungi, which contribute to the nutrient and water supply as well as diversity, competitive ability, and ecosystem productivity. In addition, the role of Mycorrhizal interactions in plant invasiveness and the susceptibility or resistance of a habitat to invasion is increasingly recognized. However, the mechanisms by which mycorrhizae contribute to invasion remain unresolved. Here, we provide an overview of the empirical evidence and discuss the prospects for mycorrhizaemediated plant invasion. Overall, Mycorrhizal Fungi appear to have impacts on plant invasion that depend on the similarities between the Mycorrhizal associations of the alien and native plants. We introduce plant Mycorrhizal niche space (PMNS) as a plant’s ability to exploit and shape the Mycorrhizal Fungi pool of a habitat based on its dependency on Mycorrhizal Fungi, traits and priority effects. Collectively, the available evidence supports the idea that PMNS is independent of place of origin (invasive status). Understanding the drivers of the PMNS of both native and alien plant species may help to predict the potential invasiveness of plants and the invasibility of a habitat, to elucidate the role of the Mycorrhizal fungal community in plant invasion and the impact of plant invasion on the structure of the Mycorrhizal fungal community in new habitats (i.e., neighbour effect) and to improve restoration planning. In this regard, we highlight a number of knowledge gaps and discuss future research directions.
Bhoopander Giri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in alleviation of salt stress: A review
Annals of Botany, 2009Co-Authors: Heikham Evelin, Rupam Kapoor, Bhoopander GiriAbstract:Salt stress has become a major threat to plant growth and productivity. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi colonize plant root systems and modulate plant growth in various ways.
F A Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth response of atriplex nummularia to inoculation with arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at different salinity levels
Plant and Soil, 2005Co-Authors: Hamid Reza Asghari, Petra Marschner, S E Smith, F A SmithAbstract:Chenopods are generally regarded as non-host plants for Mycorrhizal Fungi and are believed not to benefit from colonization by Mycorrhizal Fungi. Perennial Atriplex nummularia Lindl., growing under field conditions, showed a relatively high level of colonization by Mycorrhizal Fungi (10–30% of root length colonized) in spring and summer. Accordingly, two glasshouse experiments were designed to assess the effects of inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi (with a single species or a mixture of different species) on growth, nutrient uptake, and rhizosphere bacterial community composition of A. nummularia at high and low salinity levels (2.2 and 12 dSm−1). Only low and patchy colonization by Mycorrhizal Fungi (1–2 of root length colonized) was detected in inoculated plants under glasshouse conditions which was unaffected by salinity. Despite the low colonization, inoculation increased plant growth and affected nutrient uptake at both salinity levels. The effects were higher at an early stage of plant development (6 weeks) than at a later stage (9–10 weeks). Salinity affected the bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere as examined by ribosomal intergenic spacer amplification (RISA) of 16S rDNA, digitization of the band patterns and multivariate analysis. The effects of inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi on growth of A. nummularia may be attributed to (i) direct effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on plant nutrient uptake and/or (ii) indirect effects via Mycorrhizal-induced changes in the bacterial community composition.
K. Haselwandter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structure and function of siderophores produced by Mycorrhizal Fungi
Mineralogical Magazine, 2020Co-Authors: K. HaselwandterAbstract:Most Fungi synthesize siderophores as chelating agents which form soluble complexes with Fe3+ with very high stability constants, thus solubilizing ferric Fe. Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi release ferricrocin or fusigen as the main siderophores. Ferricrocin was also shown to be produced by the ectoMycorrhizal Fungi, Cenococcum geophilum and Hebeloma crustuliniforme . Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi are reported to enhance Fe-uptake rates of associated host plants which can be taken as an indication that Mycorrhizal siderophores of a yet unknown structure may be involved. Mycorrhizal Fungi of orchids were shown to produce as the main siderophores, both well known ferrichrome-type siderophores or the novel linear trishydroxamate basidiochrome.
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Mycorrhizal Fungi: Siderophore Production
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2008Co-Authors: K. HaselwandterAbstract:AbstractMycorrhizal Fungi, which commonly occur in natural as well as agricultural soils, are known to enhance plant uptake of nutrients, including metal ions present as trace concentrations. As Mycorrhizal infection is a widespread feature of plant communities, it seems appropriate to review the data on Mycorrhizal Fungi and their potential to produce siderophores.Based on a bioassay with Aureobacteriumflavescens JG-9 it was shown that a number of ectoMycorrhizal Fungi (EM) produce hydroxamate siderophores. Also an arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) grass species, which showed greater iron uptake than nonMycorrhizal controls, tested positively when bioassayed for hydroxamate siderophores. Encoid Mycorrhizal Fungi, too, have been demonstrated to be capable of producing hydroxamate-type siderophores. However, only in the case of the eridoid Mycorrhizal Fungi the main siderophores have been isolated and subsequently identified as ferricrocin and fusigen, respectively. The biotechnological and ecological significan...
Manuela Giovannetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The significance of Mycorrhizal Fungi for crop productivity and ecosystem sustainability in organic farming systems.
2020Co-Authors: Marcel G. A. Van Der Heijden, Valeria Rinaudo, Erik Verbruggen, Caroline Scherrer, Paolo Bàrberi, Manuela GiovannettiAbstract:Mycorrhizal Fungi are widespread in agricultural systems and are especially relevant for organic agriculture because they can act as natural fertilisers, enhancing plant yield. Here we explore the various roles that Mycorrhizal Fungi play in sustainable farming systems with special emphasis on their contribution to crop productivity and ecosystem functioning. We review the literature and provide a number of mechanisms and processes by which Mycorrhizal Fungi can contribute to crop productivity and ecosystem sustainability. We then present novel results, showing that Mycorrhizal Fungi can be used to suppress several problematic agricultural weeds. Our results highlight the significance of Mycorrhizal Fungi for sustainable farming systems and point to the need to develop farming systems in which the positive effect of these beneficial soil Fungi is optimally being utilized.
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Mycorrhizal Fungi suppress aggressive agricultural weeds
Plant and Soil, 2010Co-Authors: Valeria Rinaudo, Manuela Giovannetti, Paolo Bàrberi, Marcel G. A. Van Der HeijdenAbstract:Plant growth responses to arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are highly variable, ranging from mutualism in a wide range of plants, to antagonism in some non-Mycorrhizal plant species and plants characteristic of disturbed environments. Many agricultural weeds are non Mycorrhizal or originate from ruderal environments where AMF are rare or absent. This led us to hypothesize that AMF may suppress weed growth, a Mycorrhizal attribute which has hardly been considered. We investigated the impact of AMF and AMF diversity (three versus one AMF taxon) on weed growth in experimental microcosms where a crop (sunflower) was grown together with six widespread weed species. The presence of AMF reduced total weed biomass with 47% in microcosms where weeds were grown together with sunflower and with 25% in microcosms where weeds were grown alone. The biomass of two out of six weed species was significantly reduced by AMF (−66% & −59%) while the biomass of the four remaining weed species was only slightly reduced (−20% to −37%). Sunflower productivity was not influenced by AMF or AMF diversity. However, sunflower benefitted from AMF via enhanced phosphorus nutrition. The results indicate that the stimulation of arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in agro-ecosystems may suppress some aggressive weeds.
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Biodiversity in arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Fungal Biology, 1994Co-Authors: Manuela Giovannetti, Vivienne Gianinazzi-pearsonAbstract:Knowledge and conservation of diversity in symbiotic arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi is of crucial importance for their efficient use in environmental conservation and sustainable plant production systems. The recalcitrance of these microorganisms to pure culture, and the absence of information about plasmogamy, karyogamy or meiosis, means that information about the genetical bases of any variations in their population biology ecological specificity or symbiotic activity is generally lacking. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to identify significant differences between populations, species or isolates. An overview is presented of some of the morphological, biological and molecular aspects of arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi that may contribute to defining and understanding biodiversity in this group of symbiotic microorganisms.
